TACE Combined With Iodine-125 Seeds Implantation for HCC

March 2, 2022 updated by: Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University

TACE Combined With Iodine-125 Seeds Implantation Versus TACE Alone for Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study

Portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT) is a common complication of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PVTT has a profound adverse effect on prognosis, with a very short median survival time (2-4 months). The presence of PVTT also limits treatment options, such as liver transplantation and curative resection. Although the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer group recommended sorafenib as a standard therapy for advanced-stage HCC, the optimal treatment for HCC with PVTT remains largely controversial.

Some studies have reported a survival benefit in patients with PVTT who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), even in patients with main portal vein (MPV) tumor thrombus. Iodine-125 brachytherapy had also showed promising efficacy as a new method for unresectable HCC with PVTT. Results of our previous study indicated that TACE combined with Iodine-125 seeds implantation might be a good choice for selected patients with PVTT. Thus, we conduct this study to farther evaluate the effect of TACE combined with Iodine-125 seeds implantation for HCC with PVTT.

270 patients with HCC and PVTT will be included and randomized to two group: group 1, patients received TACE combined with Iodine-125 seeds implantation; group 2, patients received TACE alone. TACE and Iodine-125 seeds implantation will be performed with a standardized procedure. Iodine-125 seeds implantation into PVTT (guided by CT) will be conducted 7 days after TACE.

All patients revisit our institutions for follow-up examinations including contrast enhanced CT/MRI and laboratory tests every 4-6 weeks after the first treatment. Patients who have a tumor response rating of complete response will be required to revisit 3 months interval. At each visit, TACE or Iodine-125 seeds implantation is repeated if the following criteria are reached: 1) images indicating viable intrahepatic tumor tissue or PVTT; 2) Child-Pugh class A or B, and no contraindication to TACE and Iodine-125 seeds implantation.

The primary end point of this study is overall survival. The secondary end points are time to tumor progression, disease control rate, duration of portal patency and adverse events. All adverse events are graded in accordance with Common Toxicity Criteria Adverse Events Version (CTCAE) 4.03.

Study Overview

Status

Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Background and purpose:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5th most common cancer in the world and the 3rd most prevalent cause of tumor-related deaths. Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) occurs in up to 44% of HCC patients at the time of death and approximately 10-40% of patients at time of diagnosis. PVTT has a profound adverse effect on prognosis, with a very short median survival time (2-4 months). The presence of PVTT also limits treatment options, such as liver transplantation and curative resection. The optimal treatment for patients with HCC and PVTT remains largely controversial.

The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) group recommended the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib as a standard therapy for patients with advanced-stage HCC (BCLC stage C), including HCC patients with PVTT. However, in the Sorafenib Hepatocellular Carcinoma Assessment Randomized Protocol (SHARP) trail, on which the BCLC recommendations were based, patients with vascular invasion represented only 38.4% of the total study population. This result may not directly imply a survival gain with sorafenib treatment in HCC patients with PVTT. Additionally, the median survival time for patients with advanced HCC, including vascular invasion or extrahepatic metastases, treated with sorafenib is short - only 6.5 months in Asia. Thus, more effective treatment strategies have been strongly required to increase survival rate.

Some studies have reported a survival benefit in patients with PVTT who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), even in patients with main portal vein tumor thrombus. Iodine-125 brachytherapy alone had also showed promising efficacy as a new method for unresectable HCC with PVTT. Results of our previous study indicated that TACE combined with Iodine-125 seeds implantation might be a good choice for selected patients with PVTT. Thus, we conduct this study to farther evaluate the effect of TACE combined with Iodine-125 seeds implantation for HCC with PVTT.

Methods:

HCC was diagnosed by biopsy or according to the non-invasive criteria following the European Association for the Study of Liver/American Association for the study of Liver Disease guidelines. The presence of PVTT was confirmed by three-phase dynamic CT or MR. The types of PVTT were classified into four subgroups: type I, PVTT in segmental branches of portal vein or above; type II, PVTT affecting left/right portal vein; type III, PVTT affecting main portal vein (MPV); and type IV, PVTT affecting superior mesenteric vein (SMV).

270 patients met the eligibility criteria will be included in this study and randomized to two group: group 1, patients received TACE combined with Iodine-125 seeds implantation; group 2, patients received TACE alone.

TACE procedure:

solution of doxorubicin hydrochloride (20-40 mg) and 5-Fu (500-1000 mg) is infused into the feeder vessels of HCC. Then, An emulsion of 2-20 ml lipiodol and 20-50 mg lobaplatin is administered into the feeder vessels. The total amount of chemotherapy drugs is depended on the patient's body weight. Finally, gelatin sponge or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles, which are mixed with contrast material, were administered into the feeder vessels until stasis of arterial flow was achieved. In patients with an arterioportal shunt, embolization with 300-1000 μm PVA is performed to occlude the shunt by superselective catheterization before infusion of lipiodol and lobaplatin emulsion.

Iodine-125 seeds implantation procedure:

Iodine-125 seeds implantation into PVTT is conducted 7 days after TACE when liver function tests demonstrated values comparable to those obtained before TACE. Each particle was 4.5 mm in length and 0.8 mm in diameter, with a radioactivity of 0.6-0.8mCi, radioactive half-life of 60.1days, and radiation energy of 27.4KeV. The volume and shape of PVTT is obtained by CT/MR images and used to calculate the matched peripheral dose and determine best percutaneous access route and numbers of Iodine-125 seeds using our three dimensional conformal radiation therapy Treatment Planning System (TPS). Implantation was guided by CT and Iodine-125 seeds are implanted into inside PVTT or around the PVTT (parenchymal or tumor issue from PVTT less than 1.7 cm) 5 mm apart along the length of PVTT using 18G needles.

Follow-up and re-treatment:

All patients revisit our institution for follow-up examinations including contrast enhanced CT/MRI every 4-6 weeks after the first treatment. The laboratory tests are checked within one week before and after the first TACE or Iodine-125 seed implantation, and every 4-6 weeks during follow-up. Patients who have a tumor response rating of complete response will be required to revisit 3 months interval. At each visit, TACE or Iodine-125 seed implantation or combination of TACE and Iodine-125 seed is repeated if the following criteria are reached: 1) images indicating viable intrahepatic tumor tissue or PVTT; 2) Child-Pugh class A or B, and no contraindication to TACE and Iodine-125 seeds implantation.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

270

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • China
    • Guangdong
      • Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510260
        • The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 75 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. clinical diagnosis of HCC;
  2. age between18 and 75 years;
  3. type I PVTT, type II PVTT, or type III PVTT within 1.5cm extending in the main portal vein (if obstructive PVTT involve both the left and right portal vein or main portal vein, multiple collateral vessels are required);
  4. Child-Pugh class A or B;
  5. Eastern Cooperative Group performance status (ECOG) score of 0-2;
  6. neutrophilic granulocyte count ≥ 1.5×10^9/L, platelet count ≥ 30×10^9/L, and hemoglobin level ≥ 85g/L;
  7. serum bilirubin ≤ 51.3 μmol/L, albumin ≥ 28g/L, ALT and AST ≤ 5 times of the upper normal limit, and creatinine ≤ 20g/L;
  8. prothrombin time ≤18s or international normalized ratio < 1.7.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. diffuse HCC;
  2. extrahepatic metastasis;
  3. obstructive PVTT involving both the left and right portal vein or main portal vein without collateral vessels,
  4. type III PVTT affecting the main portal vein more than 1.5cm, or type IV PVTT;
  5. previously surgery (resection or liver transplantation), local-regional therapies (e.g., radiofrequency ablation), intra-arterial chemoinfusion, TACE, radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, or molecular targeted drug therapy for HCC;
  6. serious medical comorbidities.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: NONE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: TACE+I-125 seeds
TACE combined with iodine-125 seeds implantation
Procedure: TACE combined with iodine-125 seeds implantation
Conventional TACE with lipiodol was performed. Then Iodine-125 seed implantation into PVTT is conducted 7-10 days after TACE when liver function tests demonstrated values comparable to those obtained before TACE.
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: TACE alone
Procedure: TACE
Only conventional TACE with lipiodol and chemotherapy drugs was performed.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Overall survival (OS)
Time Frame: 24 months
The time from date of randomization to death due to any cause.
24 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Adverse events
Time Frame: 24 months
Side effects of TACE and iodine-125 seeds implantation were reported according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03
24 months
Progression free survival (PFS)
Time Frame: 24 months
The time from randomization until the first occurrence of PD or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first.
24 months
Time to tumor progression (TTP)
Time Frame: 24 months
The time from randomization until the date that disease progression (PD) was confirmed radiologically.
24 months
Objective response rate (ORR)
Time Frame: 24 months
The percentage of patients who had a best overall tumor response rating of CR or PR.
24 months
Disease control rate (DCR)
Time Frame: 24 months
Tumor response was evaluated with contrast-enhanced CT or MR imaging according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) criteria. Disease control rate was defined as the percentage of patients who had a best tumor response rating of complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD), which was maintained for at least 4 weeks from the first manifestation of that modified Response Evaluation Criteria Solid Tumors rating.
24 months
Duration of portal patency
Time Frame: 24 months
The time from randomization until the date that complete portal vein occlusion was confirmed (if the portal vein is patent at diagnosis).
24 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University

Collaborators

Sun Yat-sen University
Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital
Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
ZhuHai Hospital
The First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing
Foshan Sanshui District People's Hospital

Investigators

  • Study Chair: Kangshun Zhu, MD, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

July 1, 2018

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

September 18, 2021

Study Completion (ANTICIPATED)

June 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 9, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 24, 2017

First Posted (ACTUAL)

October 26, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

March 3, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 2, 2022

Last Verified

March 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • MIIR-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

Yes

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Clinical Trials on TACE combined with iodine-125 seeds implantation

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Belgium

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

3
Subscribe