Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation (CER3)

SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION TREATED WITH OACS: COMPARISON BETWEEN NOACS AND WARFARIN (CER3)

An anticoagulation therapy is a critical treatment to prevent thromboembolism in non-valvular AF (NVAF) patients. Warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, is the first oral anticoagulant approved for the treatment for prevention of thromboembolism and it had long been the only oral anticoagulant until the first non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). However, its safety and effectiveness remains unknown in real-world clinical practice in Japan

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation

Detailed Description

An anticoagulation therapy is a critical treatment to prevent thromboembolism in non-valvular AF (NVAF) patients. Warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, is the first oral anticoagulant approved for the treatment for prevention of thromboembolism and it had long been the only oral anticoagulant until the first non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). However, its safety and effectiveness remains unknown in real-world clinical practice in Japan. This study will evaluate the risk of stroke/SE as well as the risk of bleeding in the real world settings in Japan in patients with NVAF who initiated any of OACs (apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, or warfarin)

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 73989

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Japan
  • Tokyo, Japan
    • Pfizer Japan

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients with NVAF who initiated any of oral anti-coagulants

Description

Inclusion criteria

Patients must meet all of the following criteria to be eligible for the study:

1. Diagnosed with AF anytime in the baseline period or on the index date, also have definitive diagnosis of AF anytime in the baseline period, on the index date, or post-index period.
2. Prescribed one of the index OACs (apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban or warfarin) on or after the day of AF diagnosis. The first observed prescription will be used to identify the patient's index date and treatment cohort
3. No use of the any OACs during the baseline period (the 180 days before the index date)
4. Age of 18 years or older on the index date.

Exclusion criteria

Patients meeting any of the following criteria will not be included in the study:

1. Having a diagnosis of valvular atrial fibrillation, post-operative atrial fibrillation, rheumatic atrial fibrillation or mechanical-valvular atrial fibrillation during the baseline and post-index period 2. Having a cardiac surgery procedure record during the baseline period 3. Having a joint replacement procedure record during the baseline period 4. Having a procedure of prosthetic heart valve during the baseline period 5. Having a diagnosis of venous thromboembolism during the baseline period 6. Female patients with pregnancy during the follow-up period 7. Patients prescribed "off-label" doses of OACs (per Japanese package insert of each OAC) or patients treated with OAC but in "off-label" or "contraindicated" manners.

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Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Event Rate Per 100 Participant-Years For First Occurrence of Stroke and Systemic Embolism Events After Index Date	Event rate per 100 participant-years for first occurrence of stroke and systemic embolism events after index date was reported. Stroke events included the composite of any ischemic and any hemorrhagic stroke events (non-traumatic extradural hemorrhage). Systemic embolism events were defined as any of the following: abdominal aortic embolism, aortic embolism, acute arterial occlusive disease of arteries of upper extremities, femoral arterial occlusion and acute arterial occlusive disease of arteries of lower extremities, iliac artery embolism, hepatic artery embolism, thromboembolism, embolic infarction, aortic embolism, subclavian artery stenosis. Index date was defined as date of first prescription of any OACs (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or edoxaban) during the observation period of approximately 7 years (2011-2017). Pseudo datasets refers to number derived using IPTW method and are different from the actual participants included in the reporting arm.	During the observation period of approximately 7 years
Event Rate Per 100 Participant-Years For First Occurrence of Major Bleeding Events After Index Date	Event rate per 100 participant-years for first occurrence of major bleeding event after index date was reported. Major bleeding after index date was identified using hospital claims which had a bleeding diagnosis code as the first listed in International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)-10 diagnosis code. An event occurrence of major bleeding was defined as that appears as "21: Disease name behind hospitalization" in database. Index date was defined as the date of the first prescription of any of OACs (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or edoxaban) during the observation period of approximately 7 years (2011-2017). Pseudo datasets refers to number derived using IPTW method and are different from the actual participants included in the reporting arm.	During the observation period of approximately 7 years
Event Rate Per 100 Participant-Years For First Occurrence of Any Bleeding Event After Index Date	Event rate per 100 participant-years for first occurrence of any bleeding event after index date was reported. Any bleeding was defined using ICD-10 diagnosis codes and participants were considered to have "any bleeding" if pre-defined bleeding-associated ICD-10 diagnosis codes appeared in the records. Index date was defined as the date of the first prescription of any of OACs (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or edoxaban) during the observation period of approximately 7 years (2011-2017). Pseudo datasets refers to number derived using IPTW method and are different from the actual participants included in the reporting arm.	During the observation period of approximately 7 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Event Rate Per 100 Participant-Years For First Occurrence of Ischemic Stroke After Index Date	Event rate per 100 participant-years for first occurrence of ischemic stroke after index date was reported. Index date was defined as the date of the first prescription of any of OACs (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or edoxaban) during the observation period of approximately 7 years (2011-2017). Pseudo datasets refers to number derived using IPTW method and are different from the actual participants included in the reporting arm.	During the observation period of approximately 7 years
Event Rate Per 100 Participant-Years For First Occurrence of Hemorrhagic Stroke After Index Date	Event rate per 100 participant-years for first occurrence of hemorrhagic stroke after index date was reported. Index date was defined as the date of the first prescription of any of OACs (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or edoxaban) during the observation period of approximately 7 years (2011-2017). Pseudo datasets refers to number derived using IPTW method and are different from the actual participants included in the reporting arm.	During the observation period of approximately 7 years
Event Rate Per 100 Participant-Years For First Occurrence of Systemic Embolism Events After Index Date	Event rate per 100 participant-years for first occurrence of systemic embolism events after index date was reported. Systemic embolism events included any of the following: abdominal aortic embolism, aortic embolism, acute arterial occlusive disease of arteries of upper extremities, femoral arterial occlusion and acute arterial occlusive disease of arteries of lower extremities, iliac artery embolism, hepatic artery embolism, thromboembolism, embolic infarction, aortic embolism, subclavian artery stenosis. Index date was defined as the date of the first prescription of any of OACs (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or edoxaban) during the observation period of approximately 7 years (2011-2017). Pseudo datasets refers to number derived using IPTW method and are different from the actual participants included in the reporting arm.	During the observation period of approximately 7 years
Event Rate Per 100 Participant-Years For First Occurrence of Major Gastrointestinal Bleeding Events After Index Date	Event rate per 100 participant-years for first occurrence of major gastrointestinal bleeding events after index date was reported. Major gastrointestinal bleeding after index date was identified using hospital claims which had a gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosis code as the first listed ICD-10 diagnosis code. An event occurrence of major bleeding was defined as that appears as "21: Disease name behind hospitalization" in database. Index date was defined as the date of the first prescription of any of OACs (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or edoxaban) during the observation period of approximately 7 years (2011-2017). Pseudo datasets refers to number derived using IPTW method and are different from the actual participants included in the reporting arm.	During the observation period of approximately 7 years
Event Rate Per 100 Participant-Years For First Occurrence of Any Gastrointestinal Bleeding Event After Index Date	Event rate per 100 participant-years for first occurrence of any gastrointestinal bleeding event after index date was reported. Any gastrointestinal bleeding was defined by ICD-10 diagnosis codes. If participants had ICD-10 diagnosis codes which suggest bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, they were considered to have any gastrointestinal bleeding. Index date was defined as the date of the first prescription of any of OACs (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or edoxaban) during the observation period of approximately 7 years (2011-2017). Pseudo datasets refers to number derived using IPTW method and are different from the actual participants included in the reporting arm.	During the observation period of approximately 7 years
Event Rate Per 100 Participant-Years For First Occurrence of Major Intracranial Hemorrhage Events After Index Date	Event rate per 100 participant-years for first occurrence of major intracranial hemorrhage events after index date was reported. Major intracranial hemorrhage was defined by ICD-10 diagnosis codes and participants were considered to have "major intracranial hemorrhage" if pre-defined major intracranial hemorrhagic-associated ICD-10 diagnosis codes appeared in the records. Index date was defined as the date of the first prescription of any of OACs (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or edoxaban) during the observation period of approximately 7 years (2011-2017). Pseudo datasets refers to number derived using IPTW method and are different from the actual participants included in the reporting arm.	During the observation period of approximately 7 years
Event Rate Per 100 Participant-Years For First Occurrence of Any Intracranial Hemorrhage Event After Index Date	Event rate per 100 participant-years for first occurrence of any intracranial hemorrhage event after index date was reported. Any intracranial hemorrhage was defined by ICD-10 diagnosis codes and participants were considered to have "any intracranial hemorrhagic event" if pre-defined any intracranial hemorrhagic-associated ICD-10 diagnosis codes appeared in the records. Index date was defined as the date of the first prescription of any of OACs (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or edoxaban) during the observation period of approximately 7 years (2011-2017). Pseudo datasets refers to number derived using IPTW method and are different from the actual participants included in the reporting arm.	During the observation period of approximately 7 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Pfizer

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• To obtain contact information for a study center near you, click here.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 8, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 31, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): October 31, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 15, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 15, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): June 26, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 4, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 12, 2019
• Last Verified: October 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation, NVAF
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Heart Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation
• Other Study ID Numbers: B0661120; CER3 (Other Identifier: Alias Study Number)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: Pfizer will provide access to individual de-identified participant data and related study documents (e.g. protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP), Clinical Study Report (CSR)) upon request from qualified researchers, and subject to certain criteria, conditions, and exceptions. Further details on Pfizer's data sharing criteria and process for requesting access can be found at: https://www.pfizer.com/science/clinical_trials/trial_data_and_results/data_requests.