The Effect of Music on Anxiety in Patients Prior to Gastrointestinal Procedures

This study investigated the effect of listening to self-selected music on anxiety and physiological responses in patients prior to gastroscopy. A randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which patients scheduled for gastroscopy in a medical center located in Taipei, Taiwan, were enrolled. The experimental group listened to self-selected music with earphones for 15 min before the procedure, whereas the control group rested for 15 min. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, respiratory rate, and anxiety level were measured immediately before and after the intervention.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Anxiety; Music
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Music listening

Detailed Description

Potential study patients were referred from physicians. The research assistant described the study's purpose and procedure to the patients and explained their right to refuse or withdraw from the study without jeopardizing their procedure. In addition, the privacy of each patient's data was ensured by storing the data in a file that required a password to access. Personal identification was by no means included in the data file. In addition, the participants were assured that their data would not be used for purposes other than this research.

After obtaining their consent, the participants were randomly assigned into the music group or the control group by drawing lots. We brought the participants to a separate and quiet room in the waiting area to prevent environmental interference. First, the participants completed the study questionnaire; then, the research investigator measured their physiological parameters. The participants in the music group selected the music they preferred from different genres, namely Chinese pop, Taiwanese songs, western classical , light music, western pop, and nostalgic music. If a participant had no particular preference, music with a low tone, regular rhythm (approximately 60-80 beats per minute), and soft melody (light music, 5%) was used, as recommended by a previous study. During the 15-min intervention period before the gastroscopy procedure, the experimental group rested by listening to music and sitting on a comfortable chair, whereas the control group rested only by sitting on a comfortable chair. After the 15-min intervention, the patients' anxiety and physiological parameters were reassessed.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 200
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 20 years of age or older
• able to respond to questionnaires in Chinese. were excluded from the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• with hearing loss who did not wear hearing aids
• patients who were unable to communicate verbally
• patients diagnosed with dementia, mental illness defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, or cognitive impairment

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: listening music; The participants in the music group selected the music they preferred from different genres. During the 15-min intervention period before the gastroscopy procedure, the experimental group rested by listening to music and sitting on a comfortable chair	Behavioral: Music listening; listening the music 15 min
No Intervention: Control; control group rested only by sitting on a comfortable chair

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change from Baseline Anxiety after intervention immediately	Anxiety was measured using the Chinese version of the 20-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety Scale (STAI-S), which demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 0.91) in patients with anxiety disorders.32 Total scores for state anxiety ranged from 20 to 80; higher scores indicated higher levels of anxiety.	baseline, 15 minute

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change from Baseline Blood pressure after intervention immediately	Blood Pressure was measured using a calibrated sphygmomanometer with an appropriately sized cuff.	baseline, 15 minute
Change from Baseline Heart Rate after intervention immediately	Heart rate was measured through 1-min radial artery pulse counting.	baseline, 15 minute
Change from Baseline Respiratory Rate after intervention immediately	Respiratory rate was determined by counting the number of breaths per minute during quiet breathing.	baseline, 15 minute

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 1, 2008
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 1, 2008
• Study Completion (Actual): June 30, 2009

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 14, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 20, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): August 22, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 22, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 20, 2018
• Last Verified: August 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: anxiety; music; digestive tract endoscopy
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Anxiety Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: TSGH-C97-151

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No