Effect of Intravenous Dynastat on Postoperative Sore Throat

Effect of Intravenous Dynastat on Postoperative Sore Throat: A Randomized Double-blinded Controlled Trial

A postoperative sore throat (POST) after tracheal intubation is one of the most common postoperative problems causing dissatisfaction to participants, including sore throat, dry throat, cough, sputum, hoarseness and even dysphagia. Both nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures have been attempted to alleviate the incidence and severity of POST with variable success. Airway inflammation may be important in the pathogenesis of these symptoms in intubated participants but however, there was still no study to investigate the effect of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) for the prevention of POST. So, the investigators' study will be the first one to investigate if perioperatively intravenous (IV) Dynastat injection can be used as a new indication for POST prevention.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Postoperative Complications; Sore Throat
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Parecoxib Injectable Product; Drug: Normal saline

Detailed Description

The investigators' study will be designed a two-arm, individually randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing two doses of 40mg Dynastat with placebo (0.9% saline) in participants who will receive noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. The investigators will include participants of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 and 2, 20-65 years of age, requiring general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation (ETGA) for elective non-cardiac surgery will be enrolled. Besides, the anesthetic time after intubation will need 90 minutes at least. Those with a preexisting cough, hoarseness or a sore throat, smoker, history of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, vocal performer by occupation, recent or recurrent respiratory tract infection, risk factors for postoperative aspiration, obesity, pregnancy, and contraindication to Dynastat medications will be excluded. Anticipated difficult intubation, Mallampati grade >2, difficult mask ventilation requiring oral or nasal airway, Cormack and Lehane grade III and IV on laryngoscopy, intubation attempt >1, moderate to severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh score >7), severe renal dysfunction (Ccr < 30 ml/min), congestive heart failure (NYHA II-IV), and those requiring orogastric or nasogastric tubes will be other exclusion criteria. In the operating room, participants will receive study drug according to the group allocation. General anesthesia will be induced with IV fentanyl 2 μg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg, followed by rocuronium 0.8 mg/kg. After achieving adequate time of neuromuscular blockade onset, an anesthesiologist (endotracheal tube intubation numbers > 500 times), unaware of the group allocation, will perform laryngoscopy in all the groups using standard 3 or 4 Macintosh blades. Polyvinylchloride endotracheal tubes (ETTs) with a 7-mm ID for male and 6.5-mm ID for female will be used for orotracheal intubation. Lubrication will be applied on the ETT. The cuff will be inflated with air to the point just capable of sealing leakage. The cuff pressure will be checked and adjusted to 25-30 cmH2O with the help of pressure gauge. At the end of surgery, the residual neuromuscular block will be antagonized with IV neostigmine 0.05 mg/kg and glycopyrrolate 0.01 mg/kg. Gentle suctioning of oral secretions will be done with 12F soft suction catheter while limiting the suction pressure to 50 cmH2O before tracheal extubation. After tracheal extubation, participants will be transferred to the postanesthetic care unit. The following variables at the time of tracheal intubation and extubation will be recorded: Cormack and Lehane laryngoscopy score; resistance to ETT insertion (none/mild/moderate); the time to achieve intubation will be defined as the time from opening of mouth for insertion of laryngoscope blade to confirmed placement of ETT (assessed with chest auscultation and capnograph); application of external laryngeal pressure to aid endotracheal intubation; duration of tracheal intubation defined as the time from placement of ETT to its removal; repositioning of ETT; blood tinge on the suction catheter during oral suctioning; blood stain on ET after its removal; and total opioid consumption in the postoperative period. The investigators' primary subject will be the incidence of POST, and the main effects of Dynastat will be the primary interest. The incidence of POST will be also compared among the 2 groups. Secondary outcomes included the severity of POST, incidences and severity of cough, hoarseness, and dysphagia.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 140
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Po-Kai Wang, PhD; Phone Number: 16238 +886-3-856-1825; Email: pk8511034@yahoo.com.tw

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Hualien
    • Hualien City, Hualien, Taiwan, 97002
      • Recruiting
      • Po-Kai Wang
      • Contact: Po-Kai Wang, PD; Phone Number: 16238 +886-3-856-1825; Email: pk8511034@yahoo.com.tw

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 and 2
• Requiring general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation (ETGA) for elective non-cardiac surgery
• The anesthetic time after intubation will need 90 minutes at least.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Those with a preexisting cough, hoarseness or a sore throat
• Smoker
• History of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
• Vocal performer by occupation
• Recent or recurrent respiratory tract infection
• Risk factors for postoperative aspiration, for example obesity, pregnancy
• Allergic reaction to Dynastat, acetylsalicylic acid, sulfonamide or NSAIDs.
• Active GI bleeding or gastric ulcer
• Third trimester and during lactation
• Anticipated difficult intubation
• Mallampati grade >2
• Difficult mask ventilation requiring oral or nasal airway
• Cormack and Lehane grade III and IV on laryngoscopy
• Intubation attempt >1
• Moderate to severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh score >7)
• Severe renal dysfunction (Ccr < 30 ml/min)
• Congestive heart failure (NYHA II-IV)
• Those requiring orogastric or nasogastric tubes

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Study group; This group will be received intravenous injection with 10ml transparent mixture solution with 40mg Dynastat and 0.9% saline twice	Drug: Parecoxib Injectable Product; Dynastat (parecoxib sodium) is rapidly converted to valdecoxib following injection and reduces the production of prostaglandins that are important mediators of pain and inflammation. After intravenous injection with 40mg Dynastat, the onset of analgesia was 7-14 minutes and reached a peak effect within 2 hours. After a single dose, the duration of analgesia was dose and clinical pain model dependent and ranged from 6 to greater than 24 hours and maximal daily dose of Dynastat is 80mg. According to recommendation of acute postoperative pain management and product information, the timing of first injection will be at 10 minutes before anesthetic induction, and second injection will be 6 to 12 hours after first injection.; Other Names: Dynastat
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; This group will be received intravenous injection with 10ml 0.9% saline alone (transparent solution) twice	Drug: Normal saline; Placebo group (0.9% saline, group S) will be received intravenous injection with 10ml 0.9% saline alone (transparent solution) twice.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The early incidence of POST	The early incidence of POST will be also compared among the 2 groups	The early incidence will be assessed between 1 and 2 hours after surgery
The late incidence of POST	The late incidence of POST will be also compared among the 2 groups	The late incidence will be assessed at 24 hours after surgery

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The early severity of POST	0 to 100, 0 = no POST at any time since the operation, and 100 = the most severe POST after the operation	The early severity of POST will be assessed between 1 and 2 hours after surgery
The late severity of POST	0 to 100, 0 = no POST at any time since the operation, and 100 = the most severe POST after the operation	The late severity will be assessed at 24 hours after surgery

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Po-Kai Wang, PhD, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Tanaka Y, Nakayama T, Nishimori M, Tsujimura Y, Kawaguchi M, Sato Y. Lidocaine for preventing postoperative sore throat. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 14;2015(7):CD004081. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004081.pub3.
• Hara K, Maruyama K. Effect of additives in lidocaine spray on postoperative sore throat, hoarseness and dysphagia after total intravenous anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005 Apr;49(4):463-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00632.x.
• McHardy FE, Chung F. Postoperative sore throat: cause, prevention and treatment. Anaesthesia. 1999 May;54(5):444-53. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00780.x.
• El-Boghdadly K, Bailey CR, Wiles MD. Postoperative sore throat: a systematic review. Anaesthesia. 2016 Jun;71(6):706-17. doi: 10.1111/anae.13438. Epub 2016 Mar 28.
• Cheer SM, Goa KL. Parecoxib (parecoxib sodium). Drugs. 2001;61(8):1133-41; discussion 1142-3. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200161080-00010.
• Harris SI, Stoltz RR, LeComte D, Hubbard RC. Parecoxib sodium demonstrates gastrointestinal safety comparable to placebo in healthy subjects. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004 Aug;38(7):575-80. doi: 10.1097/00004836-200408000-00007.
• Graff J, Arabmotlagh M, Cheung R, Geisslinger G, Harder S. Effects of parecoxib and dipyrone on platelet aggregation in patients undergoing meniscectomy: a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Clin Ther. 2007 Mar;29(3):438-47. doi: 10.1016/s0149-2918(07)80082-8.
• Schug SA, Joshi GP, Camu F, Pan S, Cheung R. Cardiovascular safety of the cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors parecoxib and valdecoxib in the postoperative setting: an analysis of integrated data. Anesth Analg. 2009 Jan;108(1):299-307. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31818ca3ac.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): March 1, 2020
• Study Completion (Anticipated): November 30, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 31, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 10, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): April 16, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 16, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 10, 2019
• Last Verified: April 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: postoperative sore throat
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Pharyngeal Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Pharyngitis; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Parecoxib
• Other Study ID Numbers: IRB108-27-A

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No