Optimal Positive End-expiratory Pressure (PEEP) in Prone Position During Spine Surgery (OPTIPRONE)

Optimal Positive End-expiratory Pressure (PEEP) in Prone Position During Spine Surgery. A Prospective Observational Study

Background:

There is a lack of studies regarding Optimal (best) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in prone position during surgery, and its relation with optimal PEEP in supine position.

Hypothesis:

In patients undergoing scheduled spinal surgery, optimal PEEP in the prone position is lower than optimal PEEP in the supine position.

Aims:

To assess the difference optimal PEEP in supine vs. prone positions in patients undergoing spine surgery.

To evaluate the changes in optimal PEEP in prone position throughout the surgical procedure.

Methods:

Observational study, one center. Main variable: optimal PEEP. Secondary variables: PaO2, pCO2 and dynamic compliance (Crd) in prone and supine position.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Surgery; Anesthesia
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Evaluation of PEEP in prone position

Detailed Description

Recruitment: Patients scheduled for spine surgery were Main outcome: Optimal PEEP determined after a pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre in supine and in prone position and every hour during the surgery in prone position.

Secondary outcomes: Pulmonary compliance, blood gas analysis and hemodynamic parameters

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 20

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Spain
  • Barcelona, Spain, 08003
    • Hospital del Mar

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients scheduled for spine surgery that requires prone decubitus.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥18 years.
• Spine prone surgery lasting ≥2 hours.
• Absence of known pulmonary pathology.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy or lactation.
• Contraindication to alveolar recruitment maneuvers (risk of barotrauma, hemodynamic instability).
• Body mass index (BMI) >35.
• Heart failure defined as IC <2.5 L/min/m2 and/or inotropic support requirements prior to surgery.
• Diagnosis or suspicion of intracranial hypertension (intracranial pressure >15 mmHg).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)	Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (cmH2O) in supine position	10 minutes after intubation
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)	Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (cmH2O) in prone position	10 minutes after positioning
Change in Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)	Variation of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (cmH2O) during surgery in prone position with respect to PEEP value at 10 minutes after positioning	From determination of optimal PEEP until the first hour and then every hour, assessed up to the end of surgery (maximum 6 hours)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Static compliance	Tidal volume / Plateau pressure ratio (mL/cmH2O) in supine position	10 minutes after intubation
Static compliance	Tidal volume / Plateau pressure ratio (mL/cmH2O) in prone position	10 minutes after positioning
Change in static compliance	Variation of static compliance (Tidal volume / Plateau pressure ratio, in mL/cmH2O) during surgery in prone position	Measured at the same time as Auto PEEP until the first hour and then every hour, assessed up to the end of surgery (maximum 6 hours)
Arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2)	Partial pressure of oxygen (mmHg) in supine position	10 minutes after intubation
Arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2)	Partial pressure of oxygen (mmHg) in prone position	10 minutes after positioning
Change in arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2)	Variation of partial pressure of oxygen (mmHg) during surgery in prone position	Measured at the same time as Auto PEEP until the first hour and then every hour, assessed up to the end of surgery (maximum 6 hours)
Arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2)	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (mmHg) in supine position	10 minutes after intubation
Arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2)	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (mmHg) in prone position	10 minutes after positioning
Change in arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2)	Variation of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (mmHg) during surgery in prone position	Measured at the same time as Auto PEEP until the first hour and then every hour, assessed up to the end of surgery (maximum 6 hours)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Parc de Salut Mar
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Lluís Gallart, Dr, Hospital del Mar (Barcelona, Spain)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Hemmes SN, Severgnini P, Jaber S, Canet J, Wrigge H, Hiesmayr M, Tschernko EM, Hollmann MW, Binnekade JM, Hedenstierna G, Putensen C, de Abreu MG, Pelosi P, Schultz MJ. Rationale and study design of PROVHILO - a worldwide multicenter randomized controlled trial on protective ventilation during general anesthesia for open abdominal surgery. Trials. 2011 May 6;12:111. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-12-111.
• Canet J, Gallart L, Gomar C, Paluzie G, Valles J, Castillo J, Sabate S, Mazo V, Briones Z, Sanchis J; ARISCAT Group. Prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications in a population-based surgical cohort. Anesthesiology. 2010 Dec;113(6):1338-50. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181fc6e0a.
• Ferrando C, Mugarra A, Gutierrez A, Carbonell JA, Garcia M, Soro M, Tusman G, Belda FJ. Setting individualized positive end-expiratory pressure level with a positive end-expiratory pressure decrement trial after a recruitment maneuver improves oxygenation and lung mechanics during one-lung ventilation. Anesth Analg. 2014 Mar;118(3):657-65. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000105.
• Slutsky AS, Ranieri VM. Ventilator-induced lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 28;369(22):2126-36. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1208707. No abstract available. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2014 Apr 24;370(17):1668-9.
• Serpa Neto A, Cardoso SO, Manetta JA, Pereira VG, Esposito DC, Pasqualucci Mde O, Damasceno MC, Schultz MJ. Association between use of lung-protective ventilation with lower tidal volumes and clinical outcomes among patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012 Oct 24;308(16):1651-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.13730.
• Duggan M, Kavanagh BP. Pulmonary atelectasis: a pathogenic perioperative entity. Anesthesiology. 2005 Apr;102(4):838-54. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200504000-00021.
• Goldenberg NM, Steinberg BE, Lee WL, Wijeysundera DN, Kavanagh BP. Lung-protective ventilation in the operating room: time to implement? Anesthesiology. 2014 Jul;121(1):184-8. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000274. No abstract available.
• Futier E, Constantin JM, Paugam-Burtz C, Pascal J, Eurin M, Neuschwander A, Marret E, Beaussier M, Gutton C, Lefrant JY, Allaouchiche B, Verzilli D, Leone M, De Jong A, Bazin JE, Pereira B, Jaber S; IMPROVE Study Group. A trial of intraoperative low-tidal-volume ventilation in abdominal surgery. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 1;369(5):428-37. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1301082.
• Coppola S, Froio S, Chiumello D. Protective lung ventilation during general anesthesia: is there any evidence? Crit Care. 2014 Mar 18;18(2):210. doi: 10.1186/cc13777. No abstract available.
• Ladha K, Vidal Melo MF, McLean DJ, Wanderer JP, Grabitz SD, Kurth T, Eikermann M. Intraoperative protective mechanical ventilation and risk of postoperative respiratory complications: hospital based registry study. BMJ. 2015 Jul 14;351:h3646. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h3646.
• Hemmes SN, Serpa Neto A, Schultz MJ. Intraoperative ventilatory strategies to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications: a meta-analysis. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2013 Apr;26(2):126-33. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32835e1242.
• Gattinoni L, Caironi P. Prone positioning: beyond physiology. Anesthesiology. 2010 Dec;113(6):1262-4. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181fcd97e. No abstract available.
• Pelosi P, Caironi P, Taccone P, Brazzi L. Pathophysiology of prone positioning in the healthy lung and in ALI/ARDS. Minerva Anestesiol. 2001 Apr;67(4):238-47.
• Edgcombe H, Carter K, Yarrow S. Anaesthesia in the prone position. Br J Anaesth. 2008 Feb;100(2):165-83. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem380.
• Mure M, Domino KB, Lindahl SG, Hlastala MP, Altemeier WA, Glenny RW. Regional ventilation-perfusion distribution is more uniform in the prone position. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Mar;88(3):1076-83. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.3.1076.
• Pelosi P, Croci M, Calappi E, Cerisara M, Mulazzi D, Vicardi P, Gattinoni L. The prone positioning during general anesthesia minimally affects respiratory mechanics while improving functional residual capacity and increasing oxygen tension. Anesth Analg. 1995 May;80(5):955-60. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199505000-00017.
• Pelosi P, Croci M, Calappi E, Mulazzi D, Cerisara M, Vercesi P, Vicardi P, Gattinoni L. Prone positioning improves pulmonary function in obese patients during general anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1996 Sep;83(3):578-83. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199609000-00025.
• Petersson J, Ax M, Frey J, Sanchez-Crespo A, Lindahl SG, Mure M. Positive end-expiratory pressure redistributes regional blood flow and ventilation differently in supine and prone humans. Anesthesiology. 2010 Dec;113(6):1361-9. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181fcec4f.
• Beitler JR, Guerin C, Ayzac L, Mancebo J, Bates DM, Malhotra A, Talmor D. PEEP titration during prone positioning for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care. 2015 Dec 21;19:436. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1153-9.
• Fan E, Del Sorbo L, Goligher EC, Hodgson CL, Munshi L, Walkey AJ, Adhikari NKJ, Amato MBP, Branson R, Brower RG, Ferguson ND, Gajic O, Gattinoni L, Hess D, Mancebo J, Meade MO, McAuley DF, Pesenti A, Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Rubin E, Seckel M, Slutsky AS, Talmor D, Thompson BT, Wunsch H, Uleryk E, Brozek J, Brochard LJ; American Thoracic Society, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and Society of Critical Care Medicine. An Official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline: Mechanical Ventilation in Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 May 1;195(9):1253-1263. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201703-0548ST. Erratum In: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Jun 1;195(11):1540.
• Spaeth J, Daume K, Goebel U, Wirth S, Schumann S. Increasing positive end-expiratory pressure (re-)improves intraoperative respiratory mechanics and lung ventilation after prone positioning. Br J Anaesth. 2016 Jun;116(6):838-46. doi: 10.1093/bja/aew115.
• Katoh T, Suguro Y, Ikeda T, Kazama T, Ikeda K. Influence of age on awakening concentrations of sevoflurane and isoflurane. Anesth Analg. 1993 Feb;76(2):348-52.
• Pelosi P, Gama de Abreu M, Rocco PR. New and conventional strategies for lung recruitment in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care. 2010;14(2):210. doi: 10.1186/cc8851. Epub 2010 Mar 9.
• Mahajan RP, Hennessy N, Aitkenhead AR, Jellinek D. Effect of three different surgical prone positions on lung volumes in healthy volunteers. Anaesthesia. 1994 Jul;49(7):583-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb14224.x.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): June 3, 2019
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): February 22, 2021
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): February 22, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 27, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 16, 2019
• First Posted (ACTUAL): July 18, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): October 13, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 5, 2021
• Last Verified: June 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: prone position; anesthesia, general; respiration, artificial; end-expiratory pressure, positive
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2018/8270/I

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No