Psychoeducation for Patients With Bipolar Disorder in Rwanda

May 24, 2023 updated by: University of Aarhus

Background: Mental health- and neurological disorders constitute 13% of the global burden of disease. Alarmingly this burden has risen by 41% in the last 20 years. In low-and-middle-income countries as few as 10% of people living with bipolar disorder receive care. In western countries, the efficacy of psychoeducation, as an add-on treatment to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of symptoms and in relapse prevention initiatives with respect to bipolar disorder, is well documented. Yet, few studies on psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder have been conducted in a low-income country.

Aim: To determine the effect, feasibility and acceptability of psychoeducation for patients with bipolar disorder on all three levels of the health care system in Rwanda - at the community health centre, district- and university hospital.

Methods: Patients will be randomized into either group A) group-psychoeducation at a referral hospital; or B) group-psychoeducation for both patients and relatives or C) waiting list. Moreover a district trial will test the impact and feasibility of psychoeducation at the district level.

Outcomes: Reduction in symptom severity and incidence of relapse, improved quality of life, medical adherence and knowledge, as well as reduced self-stigmatization.

Perspectives: If proven successful, this is of importance for closing the huge treatment gap in mental health particularly affecting low- and middle-income countries and may reduce the mortality and increase quality of life in the population suffering from bipolar disorder. Furthermore, potential positive outcomes may be implemented in similar low-resource settings elsewhere.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Background: Mental health and neurological disorders constitute 13% of the global burden of diseases. Alarmingly this burden has risen by 41% in the last 20 years. It is estimated that severe mental disorders (i.e. severe depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders) have a two to three times higher average mortality compared to the general population. Treatment rates for these disorders are low in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), where treatment gaps of more than 90% have been documented.

In western countries, the efficacy of psychoeducation, as an add-on treatment to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of symptoms and relapse prevention initiatives concerning bipolar disorder (BD), is well documented. Yet, few studies on psychosocial interventions for BD have been conducted in low-income countries.

The overall aim of the study is to determine the effect, feasibility and acceptability of psychoeducation for patients with BD in Rwanda.

Methods: The study is divided into a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a district trial. Patients with bipolar disease type I or II that meet DSM-V diagnostic criteria given by a trained psychiatrist and age ≥ 18 years will be invited to participate.

For the RCT study participants will be randomised to 1) group-psychoeducation for patients and relatives, 2) a waiting list. The RCT will take place at a referral hospital. The district trial compares the impact of psychoeducation given at the district level by mental health nurses with psychoeducation conducted at referral hospitals.

Intervention: Manual-structured group psychoeducation with eight sessions of 90 minutes over eight weeks (at one session per week). Patients will be offered to invite their relatives for 2-3 psychoeducation-days for relatives.

Outcomes: The primary outcome is a reduction in symptom severity, the incidence of relapse and hospitalization. Secondary outcomes include Improved quality of life and medication adherence and knowledge, as well as reduced self-stigmatization. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at the 3 and 6 months follow-up.

Sample size: In the literature on group-psychoeducation, 13 out of 18 RCT's have a reduction in general psychiatric symptom severity, the incidence of relapse and hospitalization as main outcomes. Eighteen RCT's on group psychoeducation for BD were reviewed before a study of Colom et al. was selected as the base of the power calculation. The incidence of relapse in the study was (92%) (55 subjects) in the control group vs 67% (40 subjects) in the psychoeducation group. For this study, a sample size of 40 patients for each arm is required to achieve a level of 80% power with a 5% level of significance when comparing the mean change in each intervention with the control arm via a two-sample t-test. Adjusting for a drop-out rate of 20%: 40/(1-(20/100))= 50 participants will be needed for each group (50 for intervention, 50 for waiting-list and 50 for the district trial).

Randomization: Study participants at the hospital level who meet the inclusion criteria and sign the informed consent form will be randomized individually into either intervention-arm or waiting list through block-randomization with a ratio of 1:1.

Patients at the district level will not be randomized since the number of patients with BD at these levels is unknown and can result in the sample size will be too small. Instead, all will be offered participation.

Ethical Approval The research protocol and study-related documents have been approved by the College of Medicine and Health Sciences Institutional Review Board, Rwanda and The National Council for Science and Technology (NCST) in Rwanda.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

154

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Rwanda
      • Kigali, Rwanda
        • Ndera Hospital
      • Kigali, Rwanda
        • The University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK)

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • A diagnosis of BD type I or II that meets DSM-V diagnostic criteria given by a trained psychiatrist
  • No episode in the preceding 4 weeks. Age ≥ 18 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Previous participation in any structured psychological intervention
  • Insufficient understanding of Kinyarwanda
  • Clinical evidence of substantial cognitive impairments.
  • Alcohol or drug-dependence

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention - Psychoeducation at the referral hospital
Intervention: Manual-structured group psychoeducation.
Behavioral: Groups Psychoeducation
Manual-structured group psychoeducation with 8 sessions of 90 minutes over the course of 8 weeks (at one session per week). The manual is centred on behavioural principles from social education and self-regulation philosophies. All groups will have 6-8 participants and two health professionals to conduct the sessions; a psychiatric nurse and either a psychologist or a psychiatric resident. Patients will be offered to invite their relatives for 2-3 psychoeducation-days for relatives.
Other: Waiting list - at the referral hospital
Participants in the control group will be assigned to a waiting list and receive group-psychoeducation after the active intervention groups.
Behavioral: Waiting-list
Participants in the control group will be assigned to a waiting list and receive group-psychoeducation after the active intervention groups.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of patients that relapse
Time Frame: 1 year
Relapse is defined as a new mood episode of mania (scores above or equal to 20 on the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)(25)), hypomania (above or equal to 12 on the YMRS), or depression (above or equal to 17 on the Hamilton Depression Scale- 17(HDRS-17(26)) or mixed episode (above or equal to 20 on the YMRS and 12 on the HDRS- 17).
1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of patient reporting improvement in medical adherence
Time Frame: 1 year
Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) will be used to assess beliefs and barriers to medication adherence. Total scores on the MARS may range between 0 and 10, with a higher score indicating better medication adherence.
1 year
Number of patient reporting reduction in self-stigma
Time Frame: 1 year
Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Inventory - 9-item Version (ISMI-9) will be used to assess self-stigma. The resulting score should range from 1 to 4. A score ranging between 1.00-2.50: does not report high internalized stigma vs. a score ranging between 2.51-4.00: indicating high internalized stigma
1 year
Improvement of illness severity
Time Frame: 1 year

The Clinical Global Impression (CGI-I /CGI-S) will be used for the clinicians to assess how much the participant's condition has improved. The first scale: CGI-Severity (CGI-S) rates illness severity at baseline. The score range between 1 and 7with a higher score indicating serve illness.

The other scale CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) tracks improvement after initiation of treatment on a scale from 1 to 7. Four indicates no change. A low score indicates improvement and a high score of worsening symptoms.
1 year
Acceptability of the intervention
Time Frame: 1 year
A seven-item questionnaire based on The theoretical framework of acceptability will be used to access the acceptability of the intervention.
1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Aarhus

Collaborators

University of Rwanda
Mental Health Centre Copenhagen

Investigators

  • Study Chair: Per Kallestrup, Prof., University of Aarhus

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 15, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 24, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 15, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

December 17, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

May 25, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 24, 2023

Last Verified

November 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • AUUR2020DKRW

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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