Using Machine Learning to Develop Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions for Smoking Cessation

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of delivering a personalized, just-in-time adaptive intervention driven by machine learning prediction of smoking lapse risk in real time.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Smoking Cessation
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Android Wear smartwatch; Behavioral: Adaptive Treatment; Drug: Nicotine Patch; Behavioral: interviewing-based counseling

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Texas
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
      • The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• a score greater than or equal to 4 on the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine Short Form (REALM-SF),12
• willingness to quit smoking 14 days after the baseline visit
• no contraindications to using Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).
• If participants would like to use their own phone to complete the EMAs, they must additionally have an Android smartphone (Android 5.2 or higher), and be willing to install the InsightTM mHealth app on their phone.

Exclusion Criteria:

• currently smoking less than 5 cigarettes per day

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Usual care	Behavioral: Android Wear smartwatch; All participants will wear an Android Wear smartwatch, and will complete ecological momentary assessments (EMA).; Drug: Nicotine Patch; At Visit 2, participants will be asked to begin their attempt to quit smoking and will receive a 12-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy (i.e., nicotine patches and gum); Behavioral: interviewing-based counseling; At Visit 2, participants will be asked to begin their attempt to quit smoking and meet with a Tobacco Treatment Specialist, who will provide motivational interviewing-based counseling, help the participants develop a quit plan, and discuss relapse prevention. During the 6-weeks of the study, participants will have the option of attending up to 6 counseling sessions with the Tobacco Treatment Specialist, either in-person or via phone or web.
Experimental: Adaptive Treatment plus usual care	Behavioral: Android Wear smartwatch; All participants will wear an Android Wear smartwatch, and will complete ecological momentary assessments (EMA).; Behavioral: Adaptive Treatment; Participants will have access to a "Dashboard" button in the InsightTM app that displays personalized statistics based on their progress and patterns in the study.The dashboard will update as more data is collected about the participant's smoking habits, starting in the pre-quit period and continuing through the post-quit period. Second, in the post-quit period, participants will receive treatment messages when the machine learning algorithm determines that they are at high risk for lapse.At the follow-up visit, participants will complete a survey to evaluate what they liked and disliked about the intervention, how accurate they thought the app was in predicting their risk, and how useful they found the dashboard.; Drug: Nicotine Patch; At Visit 2, participants will be asked to begin their attempt to quit smoking and will receive a 12-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy (i.e., nicotine patches and gum); Behavioral: interviewing-based counseling; At Visit 2, participants will be asked to begin their attempt to quit smoking and meet with a Tobacco Treatment Specialist, who will provide motivational interviewing-based counseling, help the participants develop a quit plan, and discuss relapse prevention. During the 6-weeks of the study, participants will have the option of attending up to 6 counseling sessions with the Tobacco Treatment Specialist, either in-person or via phone or web.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Number of patients who quit smoking as confirmed by absence of salivary cotinine	4-weeks after quit day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
• Collaborators: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Emily Hebert, DrPH, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 6, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 22, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): November 22, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 7, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 8, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): April 9, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 28, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 24, 2025
• Last Verified: September 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Nicotine patch
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Autonomic Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Cholinergic Agents; Ganglionic Stimulants; Nicotinic Agonists; Cholinergic Agonists; Nicotine
• Other Study ID Numbers: HSC-SPH-20-1159; R00DA046564 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No