Ultrarapid Insulin Administered by a Bihormonal Closed Loop System in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (FAST 1)

Fully Automated Glycemic Control With Ultrarapid Insulin in a Bihormonal Closed Loop System in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

The main objective is to determine the efficacy of Lyumjev (insulin) in a bi-hormonal reactive closed loop system for automated glucose regulation (artificial pancreas; AP®) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1. In addition, safety parameters, pharmacodynamics and AP-related parameters will be acquired.

This study is a multicenter, open-label, randomized, cross-over trial in 12 subjects. The subjects will be randomized to receive either Lyumjev or Humalog® for a 30-day study period and will then switch to the alternate insulin treatment after a wash-out period.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Type 1 Diabetes
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Insulin Lispro Cartridge [Lyumjev]; Drug: Insulin Lispro Cartridge

Detailed Description

Background of the study:

Inreda Diabetic B.V. (Goor, The Netherlands) developed a bi-hormonal reactive closed loop system to automate glucose regulation (artificial pancreas; AP) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1. In the current CE-marked AP, Humalog® (Eli Lilly) is used as rapid-acting insulin. Currently, the ultra rapid-acting insulin Lyumjev (Eli Lilly) is available but has not yet been tested in combination with the AP of Inreda. Both are insulin lispro, but additions to the insulin lispro allow the insulin to act faster with a shorter duration. The hypothesis is that the combination of Lyumjev and the reactive AP system can decrease the time that glucose values are above range which can have a positive effect on glucose regulation.

Objectives of the study:

The main objective is to determine the efficacy of Lyumjev in the Inreda AP system. Secondary objectives are to assess safety parameters, differences in pharmacodynamics and AP-related outcomes comparing Lyumjev to Humalog®.

Study design:

This study is a multicenter, open-label, randomized, cross-over trial which will be performed in a free-living environment.

Study population:

The study population will comprise 12 subjects with diabetes type 1 using the AP system. Inclusion criteria are subjects from 18 to 75 years and treated with the Inreda AP system for at least 1 month.

Intervention:

The intervention includes the administration of Lyumjev by the Inreda AP system. The subject will be randomized to receive either Lyumjev or Humalog® during the first 30 days. After a wash-out period of 8 days using the standard insulin Humalog®, the subject will switch to the alternate treatment, again for a 30-day period. During the study periods, subjects have to keep a Wi-Fi access point with them.

Primary study parameters/outcome of the study:

Main parameter to express efficacy is the time above range (>10.0 mmol/l), which will be compared between Lyumjev and Humalog®.

Secondary study parameters/outcome of the study:

Safety will be expressed as the side effects of Lyumjev. Pharmacodynamics will be expressed in proportions of time spent in eu-/hypo-/hyperglycemia (%), median glucose value (mmol/l) and glycemic variability (% and interquartile range). These parameters will all be compared between Lyumjev and reference Humalog®.

AP-related outcomes will be expressed in daily administered dosage of insulin and glucagon (units), and the percentage of time that the closed loop algorithm is active (%).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 12
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Netherlands
  • Gelderland
    • Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands, 6815 AD
      • Rijnstate Hospital
    • Doetinchem, Gelderland, Netherlands, 7009 BL
      • Slingeland Hospital
    • Ede, Gelderland, Netherlands, 6716 RP
      • Hospital Gelderse Vallei

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 1;
• Treated with the Inreda AP system for a minimum of 1 month;
• Age between 18 and 75 years;
• Willing and able to sign informed consent.

Since subjects are treated with the Inreda AP, the following inclusion criteria will be met:

• Treated with sensor augmented pump (SAP) or CSII for a minimum of 6 months;
• HbA1c < 97 mmol/mol;
• BMI < 35 kg/m^2;
• No use of acetaminophen, as this may influence the sensor glucose measurements.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (score ≥ 4) according to Gold and/or Clarke questionnaire;
• Pregnancy and/or breastfeeding;
• Use of oral antidiabetic agents;
• Insulinoma;
• Hypersensitivity reactions to Lyumjev or any of the excipients.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Lyumjev (insulin lispro); Administration of Lyumjev for a 30-day study period (dosage and frequency is patient-dependent)	Drug: Insulin Lispro Cartridge [Lyumjev]; Administration of Lyumjev in combination with the AP system; Other Names: Lyumjev
Active Comparator: Humalog (insulin lispro); Administration of standard used Humalog for a 30-day study period and 8-day wash-out period located between the two study periods (dosage and frequency is patient-dependent)	Drug: Insulin Lispro Cartridge; Administration of Humalog in combination with the AP system (standard therapy); Other Names: Humalog

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage of Time the Glucose Level is Above 10 mmol/l	Time the glucose level is above range (>10 mmol/l) expressed as a percentage (%)	25 days for each intervention period (50 days in total); 5-day training period and washout period were excluded from analysis; data were continuously acquired

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Side Effects of Insulin	Side effects of insulin (each reported side effect of Humalog and Lyumjev)	68 days (whole study period)
Pharmacodynamic Parameters: Euglycemia	Percentage of time the glucose level is between 3.9 and 10 mmol/l (%)	25 days for each intervention period (50 days in total; 5-day training period and washout period excluded from analysis; data were continuously acquired)
Pharmacodynamic Parameters: Hypoglycemia	Percentage of time the glucose level is below 3.9 mmol/l (%)	25 days for each intervention period (50 days in total; 5-day training period and washout period excluded from analysis; data were continuously acquired)
Pharmacodynamic Parameters: Mean Glucose Value	Mean of the glucose values (parameter required to determine the coefficient of variation)	25 days for each intervention period (50 days in total; 5-day training period and washout period excluded from analysis; data were continuously acquired)
Pharmacodynamic Parameters: Standard Deviation of Glucose Value	Standard deviation of the glucose values (parameter required to determine the coefficient of variation)	25 days for each intervention period (50 days in total; 5-day training period and washout period excluded from analysis; data were continuously acquired)
Pharmacodynamic Parameters: Glycemic Variability (CoV)	Glycemic variability expressed as the coefficient of variation (CoV): standard deviation divided by the mean of the glucose values (%)	25 days for each intervention period (50 days in total; 5-day training period and washout period excluded from analysis; data were continuously acquired)
Pharmacodynamic Parameters: Glycemic Variability (IQR)	Glycemic variability expressed as the interquartile range (IQR) (mmol/l)	25 days for each intervention period (50 days in total; 5-day training period and washout period excluded from analysis; data were continuously acquired)
AP-related Parameters: Daily Insulin Usage (Units)	Daily insulin usage (units)	25 days for each intervention period (50 days in total; 5-day training period and washout period excluded from analysis; data were continuously acquired)
AP-related Parameters: Glucagon Usage	Daily usage of glucagon (mg)	25 days for each intervention period (50 days in total; 5-day training period and washout period excluded from analysis; data were continuously acquired)
AP-related Parameters: Algorithm Activity	Percentage of time the algorithm is active (%)	25 days for each intervention period (50 days in total; 5-day training period and washout period excluded from analysis; data were continuously acquired)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Inreda Diabetic B.V.
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: A. van Bon, MD, PhD, Rijnstate Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 19, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 16, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): March 16, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 15, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 18, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): August 19, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 17, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 28, 2026
• Last Verified: January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Lyumjev; Humalog®; Ultra rapid-acting insulin; Artificial pancreas (AP®); Bihormonal reactive closed loop system; Automated glucose regulation; Time above range
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Endocrine System Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Peptide Hormones; Peptides; Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; Insulins; Pancreatic Hormones; Insulin, Short-Acting; Insulin Lispro
• Other Study ID Numbers: NL79588.091.22

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No