Comparison of Open and Closed Chain Exercises in Athletes With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

January 30, 2023 updated by: Riphah International University

Comparison of Open and Closed Chain Exercises on Pain Function and Balance in Athletes With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common source of knee pain in the physically active population, predominantly in women. The incidence rate of PFPS among athletes is 25 percent, which is higher than that of general population. PFPS is caused by repetitive stress and aggravated in athletes by cycling and running. These symptoms are caused by structural or biomechanical changes of the joint, which becomes exacerbated by activities such as going up and down stairs, sit for a prolonged period, squatting or kneeling, resulting in increased compressive forces in the joint patellofemoral. It is characterized by defused pain in front of knee. Other signs also present are the patellar crepitus, swelling, and joint blockage despite being deemed a multifactorial condition with no single cure, PFPS is commonly attributed to muscular dysfunction, for which conservative rehabilitation is the treatment of choice. Historically, PFPS has been linked to impairments of the quadriceps muscle.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study will be a randomized clinical trial will be conducted in Pakistan sports board Lahore, Model town Sports Club Lahore and Sheikh Zaid Hospital, Lahore. Sample size will be taken to evaluate the effects of open chain exercise and closed chain exercise among athletes with an age group of 18 - 40 years. Non probability convenient sampling technique would be used. Players having an experience of at least 8 months would be a part of study experiencing recurrent knee pain. Participants will be randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group A will include participants who will receive open kinetic chain exercises 3sets of 10 repetitions for each exercise along with the general training. Group B will include the participants who will receive closed kinetic chain exercises 3sets of 10 repetitions for each exercise along with general training.3sessions per week will be given for 6weeks.The subjects will be assessed for pain, function and balance at baseline and after 6weeks of treatment. After collecting data from defined settingit will be entered and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for Windows software, version 25.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

24

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab
      • Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, 5433
        • Recruiting
        • Pakistan sports board
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Rutab Nasir, MS-SPT

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 30 years (ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adult athletes with age 18 to 30 years
  • Anterior Knee pain
  • An insidious onset of symptoms not related to trauma.
  • Pain with compression of patella.
  • Pain on palpation of patellar facets.
  • Experienced players (who are in practice from last 8 months or a year).

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Symptoms present less than 1 month.
  • Intra-articular knee pathologies like O.A, R.A etc
  • History of knee surgery within last year.
  • History of traumatic injuries like patellar dislocations or subluxation
  • Any other lower extremity injuries.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: SINGLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Open chain kinetic exercises
In open chain exercises extremities are free to move and there is no weight bearing. Subjects performed group of exercises, 3sets of 10 repetitions for each exercise after warm-up and stretching exercises The open kinetic chain exercise program consisted of 1) maximal static quadriceps muscle contractions
Other: Open kinetic chain exercises
In open chain exercises extremities are free to move and there is no weight bearing.
EXPERIMENTAL: Closed Chain Kinetic Exercises
In closed kinetic chain exercises extremities are fixed and weight bearing is done. Subjects performed group of exercises, 3sets with 10 repetitions for each exercise after warm up and stretching exercises. The closed kinetic chain exercise program consisted of 1) seated leg presses, 2) one-third knee bends on one leg and on both legs, 3) stationary bicycling, 4) rowing-machine exercises, 5) step-up and step-down exercises. Each exercise in the closed kinetic chain protocol was performed dynamically with a 3-second rest between repetitions.
Other: Closed kinetic chain exercises
In closed kinetic chain exercises extremities are fixed and weight bearing is done.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
NPRS
Time Frame: 6 weeks
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a subjective measure in which individuals rate their pain on an eleven-point numerical scale.
6 weeks
LEFS
Time Frame: 6 week
Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) is to measure "patients' initial function, ongoing progress, and outcome" for a wide range of lower-extremity conditions.
6 week
Y balance test
Time Frame: 6 weeks
Y Balance test is a dynamic test required for proprioception along with strength and flexibility.
6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Riphah International University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Muhammad Asrar Yousaf, mphil, Riphah International University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

February 1, 2022

Primary Completion (ANTICIPATED)

February 1, 2023

Study Completion (ANTICIPATED)

February 1, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 22, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 30, 2023

First Posted (ACTUAL)

January 31, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

January 31, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 30, 2023

Last Verified

January 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • REC/RCR&AHS/22/0406

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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