针对经历种族相关压力的有色人种的基于应用程序的正念冥想
针对经历种族相关压力的有色人种的基于应用程序的正念冥想:一项随机对照试验
在美国,与非拉丁裔白人 (NLW) 相比,有色人种 (POC) 受到与种族/民族相关的压力源的影响更大。 考虑到暴露于与种族相关的压力的 POC 患精神疾病的风险很高,因此显然需要使个人能够有效应对这些压力源的治疗方法。
在许多可用的循证治疗中,正念干预 (MBI) 可能特别适合帮助 POC 应对。 MBI 被假设通过增加正念和自我同情以及减少经验性回避、沉思和情绪抑制来发挥作用。 尽管 MBI 有效,但很少达到 POC。 因此,基于应用程序的自主干预等创新策略可能会缩小治疗差距。
考虑到缺乏研究 MBI 在 POC 中的有效性,尤其是那些经历过高水平种族相关压力的人,本研究将采用随机对照试验 (RCT) 方法来检查接受基于应用程序的 MBI 是否参与了假设的机制POC 中的变化(即正念、自我同情、经验性回避、沉思、情绪抑制)。 同样,该研究将测试干预是否会导致负面心理健康结果的减少,这些结果通常与暴露于种族相关压力(即压力、焦虑、抑郁)有关。 还将分析可接受性、依从性和满意度,以探讨非文化适应性 MBI 是否仍然与面临种族相关压力的 POC 相关。 该试验的结果将有助于获得关于 MBI 可接受性和 POC 有效性的新数据。 据调查人员所知,这项研究也将是第一个包括根据种族相关压力升高而招募的 POC 样本的研究,这是 MBI 研究中不常见的高风险人群。
研究概览
详细说明
在美国,与非拉丁裔白人 (NLW) 相比,有色人种 (POC) 受到与种族/族裔相关的压力源的影响更大,大约 70% 的 POC 报告在他们的生活中经历过某种形式的歧视, 60% 的人表示每天都面临歧视性待遇。 与种族相关的压力是由于消极的种族偏见而将情况评估为令人不安或负担的心理困扰。 与种族相关的压力源有多种形式,例如直接的人际歧视(即个人之间感知到的差别和不公平待遇)、替代性歧视(即观察到一个人的种族/民族的成员成为受害者)、制度实践(即法律和政策限制获得服务和机会)和文化传统(即强化 NLW 优于 POC 的观念的信仰和做法)。
当感知到差别待遇或不公平待遇时,它会触发生理(例如,心血管反应、失调的 HPA 轴活动)、认知-情感(例如,沉思、情绪抑制)和行为(例如,回避、攻击)反应,使个体做好准备面对这种情况。 尽管这种急性压力反应在短期内可能是有益的,但与种族相关的压力源的慢性和不可预测性往往会耗尽个人的心理资源,并增加他们患上精神健康障碍的脆弱性。 元分析工作支持 POC 中的这种压力反应模型,表明暴露于与种族相关的压力是心理健康问题增加的一致预测因素,包括整体压力、焦虑和抑郁症状。
在许多可用的 EBT 中,基于正念的干预 (MBI) 可能特别适合实现这些目标。 正念是一种心理特征,与停留在当下的体验(即身体感觉、思想、情绪、行为)、认可非判断性和好奇的态度以及培养接纳和自我同情相关。 自我慈悲是指对自己的痛苦持开放态度而不回避,培养减轻痛苦的愿望而不进行自我判断。 在 MBI 中,参与者通过冥想培养这两种品质——冥想练习旨在以接纳和同情的态度获得对个人体验的认识。 荟萃分析显示 MBI 的参与者表现出正念和自我同情特征的增加。 多项荟萃分析还表明,正念和自我同情的增加是 MBI 导致整体压力、焦虑和抑郁减少的两种机制。
此外,正念冥想可以通过减少经验性回避来帮助 POC 应对与种族相关的压力特别有效。 经验性回避是无法与令人痛苦的身体感觉、思想和情绪保持联系,即使这样做会造成长期伤害。 暴露于与种族相关的压力源的 POC 通常会产生情绪(例如,在被歧视后不愿经历悲伤)和行为回避(例如,避免可能发生歧视的地方),从而维持心理健康症状。 因此,正念冥想强调将意识带到所有体验中,而不管它们的负面效价如何,可以作为一种减少回避的“暴露”策略,从而减少心理困扰。
考虑到反刍(即被动和重复地关注一个人痛苦的原因和后果)和情绪抑制(即在情绪激动时主动减少情绪表达行为)是暴露于种族的 POC 经常使用的适应不良情绪调节策略-相关压力源、研究人员和临床医生假设 MBI 可能特别适合这一人群。 研究表明,通过培养对思想的接受和非判断性参与,正念冥想可以扰乱反刍倾向。 这一假设与多项荟萃分析一致,表明反刍减少是导致心理健康问题减少的中介因素,包括 MBI 项目中的压力、焦虑和抑郁。 在情绪抑制的情况下,正念冥想可以帮助个人识别、描述和健康地参与由种族相关压力源引发的情绪,而不是抑制它们,从而减少心理健康症状。 至少一项 MBI 试验表明,情绪抑制是 POC 中焦虑和抑郁减少的重要中介因素。 考虑到一些 POC 群体(例如,亚洲人、拉丁裔)鼓励下调情绪表达以促进群体和谐的文化规范和做法,针对情绪抑制可能特别相关。
尽管遭受歧视的个人对心理健康有重大需求,并且存在 MBI 等有前途的干预措施,但 POC 面临许多护理障碍,包括获得提供者的机会有限、财务和交通限制以及耻辱感。 因此,与 NLW 同行相比,POC 寻求或接受心理健康服务的可能性较小也就不足为奇了。 尽管没有一种方法可以消除导致心理健康差异的所有障碍,但使用技术提供护理可以缩小这种治疗差距。
数字干预有可能解决精神卫生专业人员短缺的问题,减轻服务利用的后勤障碍,降低与 EBT 实施相关的成本,并让可能不会以其他方式寻求服务的个人参与护理。 在众多可用的技术资源中,智能手机是提供心理健康服务的一种很有前途的工具。 这种方法的可行性得到了美国广泛拥有移动设备的支持。 例如,大约 81% 的美国人拥有智能手机,POC 的拥有率与 NLW 相似。 与 NLW 相比,POC 也更可能“依赖智能手机”——这意味着他们在家中没有宽带连接的情况下依赖这些设备访问互联网。 此外,与 NLW 同行相比,POC 也更有可能使用智能手机来查找有关其健康的信息。 因此,使用智能手机的基于应用程序的干预措施可能很好地覆盖那些受低收入家庭中观察到的数字鸿沟影响的人,因为这些干预措施利用了 POC 拥有的现有技术。
除了可行性之外,越来越多的证据支持基于应用程序的心理健康干预措施的有效性。 尽管有些有限,但带有 POC 样本的现有数据很有希望。 就基于应用程序的 MBI 而言,多项荟萃分析表明,这些干预措施可有效减轻整体压力、焦虑和抑郁,并增强正念和自我同情。 据研究人员所知,经验性回避、沉思和情绪抑制尚未作为基于应用程序的 MBI 的潜在临床目标进行检查。
研究问题和假设
目标 1 本研究的目的是检查此 MBI 是否涉及暴露于种族相关压力的 POC 的相关变化机制。 根据之前关于正念和自我慈悲的荟萃分析研究,研究人员假设接受干预的 POC 与对照组的 POC 相比,这两个变量都会显着增加。 考虑到之前的研究表明经验性回避和情绪抑制的关键作用,研究人员假设接受干预的 POC 与对照组的 POC 相比,这三个变量将显着下降。
目标 2 本研究的另一个目标是测试接受此 MBI 的 POC 是否会减少通常与种族相关压力相关的心理健康症状。 根据之前的荟萃分析研究,研究人员假设接受干预的 POC 与对照组的 POC 相比,整体压力、焦虑和抑郁会显着降低。
目标 3 与之前的目标相关,本研究将检验感兴趣的主要结果(即压力、焦虑、抑郁)的减少是否通过假设的变化机制(即正念、自我同情、经验回避、沉思、情绪抑制)发生). 根据之前的荟萃分析研究,研究人员假设所检查的五种变化机制将是导致感兴趣的主要结果减少的重要中介。
目标 4 本研究还将检查基于应用程序的 MBI 可接受性(即干预令人满意或满意的程度)、依从性(即干预的实际使用)和满意度(即对接受的干预的积极态度)这种高危 POC 人群。 考虑到研究人员和临床医生对 POC 背景和 MBI 之间潜在文化不匹配的担忧,研究人员将使用定量和定性数据源来描述性地检查治疗的可接受性。 根据之前的研究表明,基于应用程序的自主干预措施的治疗参与度较差,研究人员将使用行为标记和定性数据来描述治疗依从性。 最后,还将使用定量和定性方法衡量治疗满意度。 鉴于这些分析是描述性的,研究人员没有具体的假设。
研究类型
注册 (实际的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
学习地点
-
-
California
-
Los Angeles、California、美国、90095
- University of California, Los Angeles
-
-
参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
接受健康志愿者
描述
纳入标准:
有兴趣参与这项研究的个人将使用与智能手机兼容的平台 Qualtrics 完成在线筛选问卷。 对于研究纳入,参与者必须:
- 识别为有色人种 (POC) 组的成员
- 报告经历过与种族相关的压力水平升高(即 IRRS-B 得分为 55 分或 MDM 得分为 12 分)
- 说和读英语,
- 目前未接受心理服务
- 在学习开始前的一个月内没有进行超过两个小时的正念冥想
- 拥有一部可以上网的智能手机
- 愿意安装MBI应用程序并接受每日通知和短信提醒
- 至少年满 18 岁
筛选措施:
与种族相关的压力。 种族相关压力简报 (IRRS-B) 的 22 项指数衡量种族相关压力的多种来源,包括个人、机构和文化。 参与者对项目进行评分,范围从 0(这件事从未发生在我身上)到 4(这件事发生了,我非常沮丧),分数越高表示与种族相关的压力越大。 IRRS-B 是用 POC 样本(即黑人)开发的,显示出足够的可靠性 (α = .78) 对于文化和个人分量表和可接受的可靠性 (α = .69) 对于机构分量表。 对于研究纳入,参与者需要获得 55 分,这代表与种族相关的压力升高。
感知歧视。 包含 8 项的多元文化歧视模块 (MDM) 衡量感知到的歧视。 参与者按照从 1(从不)到 4(经常)的范围对项目进行评分,分数越高表示感知到的歧视程度越高。 MDM 是使用美国人口样本(约 40% POC)开发的,并显示出良好的内部一致性(α = .81 - .88) 在之前的研究中。 对于研究纳入,参与者需要获得 12 分,这代表人口分布的第 75 个百分位数。
排除标准:
- 北美
学习计划
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
- 主要用途:治疗
- 分配:随机化
- 介入模型:并行分配
- 屏蔽:三倍
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
---|---|
实验性的:提醒我们
使用 10% Happier 应用程序每天至少完成一次冥想 - 有可能通过选择其他冥想来超过此目标 - 持续 4 周。
参与者将被要求完成“基础知识”和“基础知识 II”课程,以熟悉正念冥想的原理。
每个录音课程都以一个简短的视频开始,提供围绕正念冥想的心理教育和教授特定技巧(例如,使用呼吸作为锚、转移注意力、注意思想和情绪)。
在该计划的最后两周,将邀请参与者完成“基本建议”课程。
该附加课程由 14 节课组成,时长从 15 分钟到 18 分钟不等。
|
参与者使用冥想应用程序 10% Happier 练习正念冥想(详见手臂/小组部分)
其他名称:
|
无干预:评估第一
候补名单控制组。
该组中的个人将在接受干预之前(即随机分组后 4 周)完成基线、治疗中期和治疗后评估。
|
研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
---|---|---|
压力变化
大体时间:通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
10 项感知压力量表 (PSS) 测量压力。
参与者按照从 0(从不)到 4(非常频繁)的范围对项目进行评分,分数越高表示压力越大。
PSS 表现出良好的可靠性 (α = .84
- .86) 和有效性,常用于 MBI 研究。
|
通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
焦虑的变化
大体时间:通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
一般焦虑症 (GAD-7) 衡量焦虑症状。
参与者按照从 0(完全没有)到 3(几乎每天)的范围对项目进行评分,分数越高表示焦虑症状越严重。
GAD-7 显示出良好的内部一致性(α = .89
- .90) 和 POC 样本中的有效性。
|
通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
抑郁症的变化
大体时间:通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
8 项患者健康问卷 (PHQ-8) 测量抑郁症状。
参与者按照从 0(完全没有)到 3(几乎每天)的等级对项目进行评分,分数越高表示抑郁症状越严重。PHQ-8 省略了原始 PHQ 中包含的评估自杀意念和自残的项目- 9,这使得它更适合自我引导的数字干预研究。
此外,元分析工作表明 PHQ-8 实际上等同于原始度量。
PHQ-8 具有良好的可靠性 (α = .86
- .89) 并在不同种族/族裔群体中显示出有效性。
|
通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
---|---|---|
改变正念
大体时间:通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
包含 15 个项目的正念注意力意识量表 (MAAS) 衡量正念特质。
参与者使用从 1(几乎总是 1)到 6(几乎从不)的量表对项目进行评分,分数越高表示越专注。
MAAS 显示出良好的内部一致性(α = .80
- .87) 在开发过程中。
|
通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
自我同情的改变
大体时间:通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
12 项自我同情量表,简表 (SCS-SF) 衡量自我同情特质。
参与者使用从 1(几乎从不)到 5(几乎总是)的量表对项目进行评分,分数越高表示自我同情越多。
SCS-SF 显示出良好的内部一致性 (α = .86)
和具有显着 POC 代表性的样本中的有效性。
|
通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
经验回避的变化
大体时间:通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
包含 15 个项目的简短经验回避问卷 (BEAQ) 衡量经验回避。
参与者按照从 1(强烈不同意)到 6(强烈同意)的范围对他们的回答进行评分,分数越高表明经验回避程度越高。
BAEQ 显示出良好的内部一致性(α = .80
- .86) 和构造有效性。
|
通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
反刍的变化
大体时间:通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
简短版反刍反应量表 (RRS-SF) 的 5 项育雏子量表测量反刍。
参与者按照从 1(几乎从不)到 4(几乎总是)的范围对他们的反应进行评分,分数越高表示反刍越多。
RRS-SF 育雏子量表显示出足够的内部一致性 (α = .79)
以及对遭受歧视的 POC 样本进行研究的有效性。
|
通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
情绪抑制的变化
大体时间:通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
情绪调节问卷 (ERQ) 的 4 项表达抑制测量情绪抑制。
参与者按照从 1(非常不同意)到 7(非常同意)的范围对他们的回答进行评分,分数越高表示情绪抑制越多。
ERQ 的表达抑制子量表显示出足够的可靠性(α = .68
- .76) 和具有显着 POC 代表性的样本的有效性。
|
通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
其他结果措施
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
---|---|---|
干预的可接受性和适当性发生变化
大体时间:通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
对心理在线干预 (APOI) 的 16 项态度衡量数字干预的经验。
参与者按照从 1(完全同意)到 5(完全不同意)的范围对项目进行评分,分数越高表示感知到的可接受性和适当性越高。
APOI 显示出良好的可靠性 (α = .83)
和以前研究中的有效性。
|
通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
治疗依从性的变化
大体时间:通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
完成的冥想次数、冥想的总时间(以分钟为单位)以及至少进行一次冥想的天数将用作治疗依从性的行为测量。
此信息由应用程序跟踪。
|
通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
治疗满意度的变化
大体时间:通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
治疗满意度和治疗师量表修订版 (STTS-R) 的 7 项治疗满意度 (ST) 子量表衡量治疗满意度。
参与者按照从 1(强烈不同意)到 5(强烈同意)的范围对项目进行评分,分数越高表明对治疗的满意度越高。
ST 子量表显示出极好的可靠性 (α = .92)
和具有种族/族裔多样化样本的数字干预研究的有效性。
|
通过学习完成,1-2个月
|
合作者和调查者
调查人员
- 首席研究员:Giovanni Ramos, MA、University of California, Los Angeles
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
- Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983 Dec;24(4):385-96. No abstract available.
- Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
- Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092.
- Gal E, Stefan S, Cristea IA. The efficacy of mindfulness meditation apps in enhancing users' well-being and mental health related outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Affect Disord. 2021 Jan 15;279:131-142. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.134. Epub 2020 Oct 7.
- Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009 Nov;41(4):1149-60. doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149.
- Creswell JD. Mindfulness Interventions. Annu Rev Psychol. 2017 Jan 3;68:491-516. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-051139. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
- Hsieh HF, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res. 2005 Nov;15(9):1277-88. doi: 10.1177/1049732305276687.
- Raes F, Pommier E, Neff KD, Van Gucht D. Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2011 May-Jun;18(3):250-5. doi: 10.1002/cpp.702. Epub 2010 Jun 8.
- Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Apr;84(4):822-48. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822.
- Gamez W, Chmielewski M, Kotov R, Ruggero C, Suzuki N, Watson D. The brief experiential avoidance questionnaire: development and initial validation. Psychol Assess. 2014 Mar;26(1):35-45. doi: 10.1037/a0034473. Epub 2013 Sep 23.
- Gross JJ, John OP. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Aug;85(2):348-62. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348.
- Alsubaie M, Abbott R, Dunn B, Dickens C, Keil TF, Henley W, Kuyken W. Mechanisms of action in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in people with physical and/or psychological conditions: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017 Jul;55:74-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.008. Epub 2017 Apr 23.
- Benish SG, Quintana S, Wampold BE. Culturally adapted psychotherapy and the legitimacy of myth: a direct-comparison meta-analysis. J Couns Psychol. 2011 Jul;58(3):279-89. doi: 10.1037/a0023626.
- Jayewardene WP, Lohrmann DK, Erbe RG, Torabi MR. Effects of preventive online mindfulness interventions on stress and mindfulness: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prev Med Rep. 2016 Nov 14;5:150-159. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.11.013. eCollection 2017 Mar.
- Torous J, Nicholas J, Larsen ME, Firth J, Christensen H. Clinical review of user engagement with mental health smartphone apps: evidence, theory and improvements. Evid Based Ment Health. 2018 Aug;21(3):116-119. doi: 10.1136/eb-2018-102891. Epub 2018 Jun 5.
- Paradies Y, Ben J, Denson N, Elias A, Priest N, Pieterse A, Gupta A, Kelaher M, Gee G. Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Sep 23;10(9):e0138511. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138511. eCollection 2015.
- Mojtabai R, Olfson M, Sampson NA, Jin R, Druss B, Wang PS, Wells KB, Pincus HA, Kessler RC. Barriers to mental health treatment: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychol Med. 2011 Aug;41(8):1751-61. doi: 10.1017/S0033291710002291. Epub 2010 Dec 7.
- Borghouts J, Eikey E, Mark G, De Leon C, Schueller SM, Schneider M, Stadnick N, Zheng K, Mukamel D, Sorkin DH. Barriers to and Facilitators of User Engagement With Digital Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2021 Mar 24;23(3):e24387. doi: 10.2196/24387.
- Gu J, Strauss C, Bond R, Cavanagh K. How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015 Apr;37:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.006. Epub 2015 Jan 31. Erratum In: Clin Psychol Rev. 2016 Nov;49:119.
- Galante J, Friedrich C, Dawson AF, Modrego-Alarcon M, Gebbing P, Delgado-Suarez I, Gupta R, Dean L, Dalgleish T, White IR, Jones PB. Mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in adults in nonclinical settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS Med. 2021 Jan 11;18(1):e1003481. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003481. eCollection 2021 Jan.
- Schroder J, Sautier L, Kriston L, Berger T, Meyer B, Spath C, Kother U, Nestoriuc Y, Klein JP, Moritz S. Development of a questionnaire measuring Attitudes towards Psychological Online Interventions-the APOI. J Affect Disord. 2015 Nov 15;187:136-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.044. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
- Crowe M, Inder M, Porter R. Conducting qualitative research in mental health: Thematic and content analyses. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2015 Jul;49(7):616-23. doi: 10.1177/0004867415582053. Epub 2015 Apr 21.
- Chiesa A, Malinowski P. Mindfulness-based approaches: are they all the same? J Clin Psychol. 2011 Apr;67(4):404-24. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20776. Epub 2011 Jan 19.
- Huey SJ Jr, Polo AJ. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for ethnic minority youth. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2008 Jan;37(1):262-301. doi: 10.1080/15374410701820174.
- Guendelman S, Medeiros S, Rampes H. Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies. Front Psychol. 2017 Mar 6;8:220. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00220. eCollection 2017.
- Linardon J. Can Acceptance, Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion Be Learned by Smartphone Apps? A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Behav Ther. 2020 Jul;51(4):646-658. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.10.002. Epub 2019 Nov 26.
- Bruehlman-Senecal E, Aguilera A, Schueller SM. Mobile Phone-Based Mood Ratings Prospectively Predict Psychotherapy Attendance. Behav Ther. 2017 Sep;48(5):614-623. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.01.002. Epub 2017 Jan 9.
- Aguilera A, Munoz RF. Text Messaging as an Adjunct to CBT in Low-Income Populations: A Usability and Feasibility Pilot Study. Prof Psychol Res Pr. 2011 Dec 1;42(6):472-478. doi: 10.1037/a0025499.
- Aguilera A, Berridge C. Qualitative feedback from a text messaging intervention for depression: benefits, drawbacks, and cultural differences. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2014 Nov 5;2(4):e46. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.3660.
- Aguilera A, Bruehlman-Senecal E, Demasi O, Avila P. Automated Text Messaging as an Adjunct to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Clinical Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 8;19(5):e148. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6914.
- Hall GC, Ibaraki AY, Huang ER, Marti CN, Stice E. A Meta-Analysis of Cultural Adaptations of Psychological Interventions. Behav Ther. 2016 Nov;47(6):993-1014. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.09.005. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
- Schumer MC, Lindsay EK, Creswell JD. Brief mindfulness training for negative affectivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2018 Jul;86(7):569-583. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000324.
- Pascoe EA, Smart Richman L. Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2009 Jul;135(4):531-54. doi: 10.1037/a0016059.
- Schmitt MT, Branscombe NR, Postmes T, Garcia A. The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2014 Jul;140(4):921-48. doi: 10.1037/a0035754. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
- Beshai S, Bueno C, Yu M, Feeney JR, Pitariu A. Examining the effectiveness of an online program to cultivate mindfulness and self-compassion skills (Mind-OP): Randomized controlled trial on Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Behav Res Ther. 2020 Nov;134:103724. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103724. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
- Acabchuk, R. L., Simon, M. A., Low, S., Brisson, J. M., & Johnson, B. T. (2021). Measuring Meditation Progress with a Consumer-Grade EEG Device: Caution from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Mindfulness, 12(1), 68-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01497-1
- Alkhaldi G, Hamilton FL, Lau R, Webster R, Michie S, Murray E. The Effectiveness of Prompts to Promote Engagement With Digital Interventions: A Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2016 Jan 8;18(1):e6. doi: 10.2196/jmir.4790.
- Baumel A, Muench F, Edan S, Kane JM. Objective User Engagement With Mental Health Apps: Systematic Search and Panel-Based Usage Analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2019 Sep 25;21(9):e14567. doi: 10.2196/14567.
- Biggers A, Spears CA, Sanders K, Ong J, Sharp LK, Gerber BS. Promoting Mindfulness in African American Communities. Mindfulness (N Y). 2020 Oct;11(10):2274-2282. doi: 10.1007/s12671-020-01480-w. Epub 2020 Aug 21.
- Bor J, Venkataramani AS, Williams DR, Tsai AC. Police killings and their spillover effects on the mental health of black Americans: a population-based, quasi-experimental study. Lancet. 2018 Jul 28;392(10144):302-310. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31130-9. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
- Brake CA, Sauer-Zavala S, Boswell JF, Gallagher MW, Farchione TJ, Barlow DH. Mindfulness-Based Exposure Strategies as a Transdiagnostic Mechanism of Change: An Exploratory Alternating Treatment Design. Behav Ther. 2016 Mar;47(2):225-38. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2015.10.008. Epub 2015 Nov 7.
- Brondolo E, Brady Ver Halen N, Pencille M, Beatty D, Contrada RJ. Coping with racism: a selective review of the literature and a theoretical and methodological critique. J Behav Med. 2009 Feb;32(1):64-88. doi: 10.1007/s10865-008-9193-0. Epub 2009 Jan 6.
- Bunge E, Cook HM, Bond M, Williamson RE, Cano M, Barrera AZ, Leykin Y, Munoz RF. Comparing Amazon Mechanical Turk with unpaid internet resources in online clinical trials. Internet Interv. 2018 Apr 15;12:68-73. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.04.001. eCollection 2018 Jun.
- Carter, E. R., & Murphy, M. C. (2015). Group-based Differences in Perceptions of Racism: What Counts, to Whom, and Why? Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9(6), 269-280. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12181
- Carter, R. T., Johnson, V. E., Kirkinis, K., Roberson, K., Muchow, C., & Galgay, C. (2019). A Meta-Analytic Review of Racial Discrimination: Relationships to Health and Culture. Race and Social Problems, 11(1), 15-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-018-9256-y
- Castellanos, R., Yildiz Spinel, M., Phan, V., Orengo-Aguayo, R., Humphreys, K. L., & Flory, K. (2020). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cultural Adaptations of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Hispanic Populations. Mindfulness, 11(2), 317-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01210-x
- Chae DH, Yip T, Martz CD, Chung K, Richeson JA, Hajat A, Curtis DS, Rogers LO, LaVeist TA. Vicarious Racism and Vigilance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Implications Among Asian and Black Americans. Public Health Rep. 2021 Jul-Aug;136(4):508-517. doi: 10.1177/00333549211018675. Epub 2021 May 25.
- Clarke J, Draper S. Intermittent mindfulness practice can be beneficial, and daily practice can be harmful. An in depth, mixed methods study of the "Calm" app's (mostly positive) effects. Internet Interv. 2019 Nov 16;19:100293. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2019.100293. eCollection 2020 Mar.
- Cook BL, Trinh NH, Li Z, Hou SS, Progovac AM. Trends in Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Access to Mental Health Care, 2004-2012. Psychiatr Serv. 2017 Jan 1;68(1):9-16. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201500453. Epub 2016 Aug 1.
- Cooper D, Yap K, Batalha L. Mindfulness-based interventions and their effects on emotional clarity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2018 Aug 1;235:265-276. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.018. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
- Cotter, E. W., & Jones, N. (2020). A Review of Latino/Latinx Participants in Mindfulness-Based Intervention Research. Mindfulness, 11(3), 529-553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01266-9
- Craig C, Hiskey S, Spector A. Compassion focused therapy: a systematic review of its effectiveness and acceptability in clinical populations. Expert Rev Neurother. 2020 Apr;20(4):385-400. doi: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1746184. Epub 2020 Apr 10.
- Cramer H, Hall H, Leach M, Frawley J, Zhang Y, Leung B, Adams J, Lauche R. Prevalence, patterns, and predictors of meditation use among US adults: A nationally representative survey. Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 10;6:36760. doi: 10.1038/srep36760.
- Crandall A, Cheung A, Young A, Hooper AP. Theory-Based Predictors of Mindfulness Meditation Mobile App Usage: A Survey and Cohort Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019 Mar 22;7(3):e10794. doi: 10.2196/10794.
- Cummings JR, Allen L, Clennon J, Ji X, Druss BG. Geographic Access to Specialty Mental Health Care Across High- and Low-Income US Communities. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 May 1;74(5):476-484. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0303.
- DeLuca, S. M., Kelman, A. R., & Waelde, L. C. (2018). A Systematic Review of Ethnoracial Representation and Cultural Adaptation of Mindfulness- and Meditation-Based Interventions. Psychological Studies, 63(2), 117-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-018-0452-z
- Economides M, Martman J, Bell MJ, Sanderson B. Improvements in Stress, Affect, and Irritability Following Brief Use of a Mindfulness-based Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Mindfulness (N Y). 2018;9(5):1584-1593. doi: 10.1007/s12671-018-0905-4. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
- Fuchs C, Lee JK, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. Using Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Treatments With Clients From Nondominant Cultural and/or Marginalized Backgrounds: Clinical Considerations, Meta-Analysis Findings, and Introduction to the Special Series. Cogn Behav Pract. 2013 Feb;20(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.12.004.
- Fung J, Kim JJ, Jin J, Chen G, Bear L, Lau AS. A Randomized Trial Evaluating School-Based Mindfulness Intervention for Ethnic Minority Youth: Exploring Mediators and Moderators of Intervention Effects. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019 Jan;47(1):1-19. doi: 10.1007/s10802-018-0425-7.
- Green CA, Duan N, Gibbons RD, Hoagwood KE, Palinkas LA, Wisdom JP. Approaches to Mixed Methods Dissemination and Implementation Research: Methods, Strengths, Caveats, and Opportunities. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2015 Sep;42(5):508-23. doi: 10.1007/s10488-014-0552-6.
- Nagayama Hall GC, Hong JJ, Zane NW, Meyer OL. Culturally-Competent Treatments for Asian Americans: The Relevance of Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Psychotherapies. Clin Psychol (New York). 2011 Sep 1;18(3):215-231. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2011.01253.x.
- Hanley, A. W., Abell, N., Osborn, D. S., Roehrig, A. D., & Canto, A. I. (2016). Mind the Gaps: Are Conclusions about Mindfulness Entirely Conclusive? Journal of Counseling and Development, 94(1), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12066
- Hawley, L. L., Schwartz, D., Bieling, P. J., Irving, J., Corcoran, K., Farb, N. A. S., Anderson, A. K., & Segal, Z. V. (2014). Mindfulness Practice, Rumination and Clinical Outcome in Mindfulness-Based Treatment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-013-9586-4
- Hayes, A. M., & Feldman, G. (2004). Clarifying the Construct of Mindfulness in the Context of Emotion Regulation and the Process of Change in Therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 255-262. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bph080
- Hendricks, D. S., Lavery, M. R., Bouillon, L. E., & Gotfried, R. S. (2020). Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Mindfulness App Among Academic Advisors. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 5(2), 149-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-019-00122-w
- Hermes ED, Lyon AR, Schueller SM, Glass JE. Measuring the Implementation of Behavioral Intervention Technologies: Recharacterization of Established Outcomes. J Med Internet Res. 2019 Jan 25;21(1):e11752. doi: 10.2196/11752.
- Hernandez-Ramos R, Aguilera A, Garcia F, Miramontes-Gomez J, Pathak LE, Figueroa CA, Lyles CR. Conducting Internet-Based Visits for Onboarding Populations With Limited Digital Literacy to an mHealth Intervention: Development of a Patient-Centered Approach. JMIR Form Res. 2021 Apr 29;5(4):e25299. doi: 10.2196/25299.
- Hinton, D. E., Pich, V., Hofmann, S. G., & Otto, M. W. (2013). Acceptance and Mindfulness Techniques as Applied to Refugee and Ethnic Minority Populations With PTSD: Examples From "Culturally Adapted CBT." Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20(1), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.09.001
- Huberty J, Eckert R, Larkey L, Kurka J, Rodriguez De Jesus SA, Yoo W, Mesa R. Smartphone-Based Meditation for Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Patients: Feasibility Study to Inform Future Trials. JMIR Form Res. 2019 Apr 29;3(2):e12662. doi: 10.2196/12662.
- Kachan D, Olano H, Tannenbaum SL, Annane DW, Mehta A, Arheart KL, Fleming LE, Yang X, McClure LA, Lee DJ. Prevalence of Mindfulness Practices in the US Workforce: National Health Interview Survey. Prev Chronic Dis. 2017 Jan 5;14:E01. doi: 10.5888/pcd14.160034.
- Karekla, M., Kasinopoulos, O., Neto, D. D., Ebert, D. D., Van Daele, T., Nordgreen, T., Höfer, S., Oeverland, S., & Jensen, K. L. (2019). Best Practices and Recommendations for Digital Interventions to Improve Engagement and Adherence in Chronic Illness Sufferers. European Psychologist, 24(1), 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000349
- Kazdin, A. E. (2015). Technology-Based Interventions and Reducing the Burdens of Mental Illness: Perspectives and Comments on the Special Series. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 22(3), 359-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.04.004
- Kazdin AE. Annual Research Review: Expanding mental health services through novel models of intervention delivery. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2019 Apr;60(4):455-472. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12937. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
- Lau, A. (2006). Making the Case for Selective and Directed Cultural Adaptations of Evidence-Based Treatments: Examples From Parent Training. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 13(4), 295-310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2006.00042.x
- Laurie J, Blandford A. Making time for mindfulness. Int J Med Inform. 2016 Dec;96:38-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.02.010. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
- Lecomte T, Potvin S, Corbiere M, Guay S, Samson C, Cloutier B, Francoeur A, Pennou A, Khazaal Y. Mobile Apps for Mental Health Issues: Meta-Review of Meta-Analyses. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 May 29;8(5):e17458. doi: 10.2196/17458.
- Lee RT, Perez AD, Boykin CM, Mendoza-Denton R. On the prevalence of racial discrimination in the United States. PLoS One. 2019 Jan 10;14(1):e0210698. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210698. eCollection 2019.
- Leong FT, Kalibatseva Z. Cross-cultural barriers to mental health services in the United States. Cerebrum. 2011 Mar;2011:5. Epub 2011 Mar 23.
- Linardon J, Cuijpers P, Carlbring P, Messer M, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. The efficacy of app-supported smartphone interventions for mental health problems: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry. 2019 Oct;18(3):325-336. doi: 10.1002/wps.20673.
- Linardon J, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. Attrition and adherence in smartphone-delivered interventions for mental health problems: A systematic and meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2020 Jan;88(1):1-13. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000459. Epub 2019 Nov 7.
- Littleton H, Grills AE, Kline KD, Schoemann AM, Dodd JC. The From Survivor to Thriver program: RCT of an online therapist-facilitated program for rape-related PTSD. J Anxiety Disord. 2016 Oct;43:41-51. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.010. Epub 2016 Aug 5.
- Martinez JH, Eustis EH, Arbid N, Graham-LoPresti JR, Roemer L. The role of experiential avoidance in the relation between racial discrimination and negative mental health outcomes. J Am Coll Health. 2022 Feb-Mar;70(2):461-468. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1754221. Epub 2020 May 5.
- Miller MJ, Keum BT, Thai CJ, Lu Y, Truong NN, Huh GA, Li X, Yeung JG, Ahn LH. Practice recommendations for addressing racism: A content analysis of the counseling psychology literature. J Couns Psychol. 2018 Nov;65(6):669-680. doi: 10.1037/cou0000306. Epub 2018 Aug 9.
- Miranda R, Polanco-Roman L, Tsypes A, Valderrama J. Perceived discrimination, ruminative subtypes, and risk for depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2013 Oct;19(4):395-403. doi: 10.1037/a0033504.
- Neary M, Schueller SM. State of the Field of Mental Health Apps. Cogn Behav Pract. 2018 Nov;25(4):531-537. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.01.002. Epub 2018 Mar 5.
- Newman, B., Merolla, J. L., Shah, S., Lemi, D. C., Collingwood, L., & Ramakrishnan, S. K. (2020). The Trump Effect: An Experimental Investigation of the Emboldening Effect of Racially Inflammatory Elite Communication. British Journal of Political Science, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123419000590
- Oei, T. P. S., & Green, A. L. (2008). The Satisfaction With Therapy and Therapist Scale--Revised (STTS-R) for group psychotherapy: Psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39(4), 435-442. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.39.4.435
- Olano HA, Kachan D, Tannenbaum SL, Mehta A, Annane D, Lee DJ. Engagement in mindfulness practices by U.S. adults: sociodemographic barriers. J Altern Complement Med. 2015 Feb;21(2):100-2. doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0269.
- Parkerson HA, Thibodeau MA, Brandt CP, Zvolensky MJ, Asmundson GJ. Cultural-based biases of the GAD-7. J Anxiety Disord. 2015 Apr;31:38-42. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.01.005. Epub 2015 Feb 7.
- Patel JS, Oh Y, Rand KL, Wu W, Cyders MA, Kroenke K, Stewart JC. Measurement invariance of the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression screener in U.S. adults across sex, race/ethnicity, and education level: NHANES 2005-2016. Depress Anxiety. 2019 Sep;36(9):813-823. doi: 10.1002/da.22940. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
- Proulx J, Croff R, Oken B, Aldwin CM, Fleming C, Bergen-Cico D, Le T, Noorani M. Considerations for Research and Development of Culturally Relevant Mindfulness Interventions in American Minority Communities. Mindfulness (N Y). 2018 Apr;9(2):361-370. doi: 10.1007/s12671-017-0785-z. Epub 2017 Aug 16.
- Ramos G, Brookman-Frazee L, Kodish T, Rodriguez A, Lau AS. Community providers' experiences with evidence-based practices: The role of therapist race/ethnicity. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2021 Jul;27(3):471-482. doi: 10.1037/cdp0000357. Epub 2020 May 11.
- Ramos, G., & Chavira, D. A. (2019). Use of Technology to Provide Mental Health Care for Racial and Ethnic Minorities: Evidence, Promise, and Challenges. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2019.10.004
- Ranganathan P, Pramesh CS, Aggarwal R. Common pitfalls in statistical analysis: Intention-to-treat versus per-protocol analysis. Perspect Clin Res. 2016 Jul-Sep;7(3):144-6. doi: 10.4103/2229-3485.184823.
- Rushin, S., & Edwards, G. S. (2018). The Effect of President Trump's Election on Hate Crimes. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3102652
- Schröder, J., Berger, T., Meyer, B., Lutz, W., Hautzinger, M., Späth, C., Eichenberg, C., Klein, J. P., & Moritz, S. (2017). Attitudes Towards Internet Interventions Among Psychotherapists and Individuals with Mild to Moderate Depression Symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(5), 745-756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9850-0
- Schueller, S. M., Hunter, J. F., Figueroa, C., & Aguilera, A. (2019). Use of Digital Mental Health for Marginalized and Underserved Populations. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, 6(3), 243-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40501-019-00181-z
- Shariff-Marco S, Breen N, Landrine H, Reeve BB, Krieger N, Gee GC, Williams DR, Mays VM, Ponce NA, Alegria M, Liu B, Willis G, Johnson TP. MEASURING EVERYDAY RACIAL/ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION IN HEALTH SURVEYS: How Best to Ask the Questions, in One or Two Stages, Across Multiple Racial/Ethnic Groups? Du Bois Rev. 2011 Spring;8(1):159-177. doi: 10.1017/S1742058X11000129. Epub 2011 Apr 15.
- Smith JL, Allen JW, Haack C, Wehrmeyer K, Alden K, Lund MB, Mascaro JS. The Impact of App-Delivered Mindfulness Meditation on Functional Connectivity and Self-Reported Mindfulness Among Health Profession Trainees. Mindfulness (N Y). 2021;12(1):92-106. doi: 10.1007/s12671-020-01502-7. Epub 2020 Oct 7.
- Smith TB, Rodriguez MD, Bernal G. Culture. J Clin Psychol. 2011 Feb;67(2):166-75. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20757.
- Sobczak, L. R., & West, L. M. (2013). Clinical Considerations in Using Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Approaches With Diverse Populations: Addressing Challenges in Service Delivery in Diverse Community Settings. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20(1), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.08.005
- Sommers-Spijkerman M, Austin J, Bohlmeijer E, Pots W. New Evidence in the Booming Field of Online Mindfulness: An Updated Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. JMIR Ment Health. 2021 Jul 19;8(7):e28168. doi: 10.2196/28168.
- Strohmaier, S., Jones, F. W., & Cane, J. E. (2021). Effects of Length of Mindfulness Practice on Mindfulness, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: a Randomized Controlled Experiment. Mindfulness, 12(1), 198-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01512-5
- Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Ruminative reconsiderd: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), 247-259. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023910315561
- Utsey, S. O. (1999). Development and Validation of a Short Form of the Index of Race-Related Stress (IRRS)-Brief Version. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 32(3), 149-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.1999.12068981
- van der Velden AM, Kuyken W, Wattar U, Crane C, Pallesen KJ, Dahlgaard J, Fjorback LO, Piet J. A systematic review of mechanisms of change in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in the treatment of recurrent major depressive disorder. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015 Apr;37:26-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.001. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
- Vines AI, Ward JB, Cordoba E, Black KZ. Perceived Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Mental Health: a Review and Future Directions for Social Epidemiology. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2017 Jun;4(2):156-165. doi: 10.1007/s40471-017-0106-z. Epub 2017 Apr 27.
- Waldron, E. M., Hong, S., Moskowitz, J. T., & Burnett-Zeigler, I. (2018). A Systematic Review of the Demographic Characteristics of Participants in US-Based Randomized Controlled Trials of Mindfulness-Based Interventions. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1671-1692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0920-5
- Williams DR. Stress and the Mental Health of Populations of Color: Advancing Our Understanding of Race-related Stressors. J Health Soc Behav. 2018 Dec;59(4):466-485. doi: 10.1177/0022146518814251.
- Zvolensky MJ, Jardin C, Garey L, Robles Z, Sharp C. Acculturative stress and experiential avoidance: relations to depression, suicide, and anxiety symptoms among minority college students. Cogn Behav Ther. 2016 Nov;45(6):501-17. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2016.1205658. Epub 2016 Jul 22.
- Wu Y, Levis B, Riehm KE, Saadat N, Levis AW, Azar M, Rice DB, Boruff J, Cuijpers P, Gilbody S, Ioannidis JPA, Kloda LA, McMillan D, Patten SB, Shrier I, Ziegelstein RC, Akena DH, Arroll B, Ayalon L, Baradaran HR, Baron M, Bombardier CH, Butterworth P, Carter G, Chagas MH, Chan JCN, Cholera R, Conwell Y, de Manvan Ginkel JM, Fann JR, Fischer FH, Fung D, Gelaye B, Goodyear-Smith F, Greeno CG, Hall BJ, Harrison PA, Harter M, Hegerl U, Hides L, Hobfoll SE, Hudson M, Hyphantis T, Inagaki M, Jette N, Khamseh ME, Kiely KM, Kwan Y, Lamers F, Liu SI, Lotrakul M, Loureiro SR, Lowe B, McGuire A, Mohd-Sidik S, Munhoz TN, Muramatsu K, Osorio FL, Patel V, Pence BW, Persoons P, Picardi A, Reuter K, Rooney AG, Santos IS, Shaaban J, Sidebottom A, Simning A, Stafford L, Sung S, Tan PLL, Turner A, van Weert HC, White J, Whooley MA, Winkley K, Yamada M, Benedetti A, Thombs BD. Equivalency of the diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis - ERRATUM. Psychol Med. 2020 Dec;50(16):2816. doi: 10.1017/S0033291719002137. Epub 2019 Aug 19. No abstract available.
- Ramos G, Aguilera A, Montoya A, Lau A, Wen CY, Cruz Torres V, Chavira D. App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2022 Apr 14;11(4):e35196. doi: 10.2196/35196.
研究记录日期
研究主要日期
学习开始 (实际的)
初级完成 (实际的)
研究完成 (实际的)
研究注册日期
首次提交
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
首次发布 (实际的)
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
最后验证
更多信息
此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索,没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求,请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改,我们的网站上也会自动更新.