Teen Success Project (JPO-CM)

October 17, 2025 updated by: Ashli Sheidow, Chestnut Health Systems

Improving Access to Substance Abuse Evidence-Based Practices for Youth in the Justice System: Strategies Used by JPOs

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of Juvenile Probation Officers (JPOs) delivering Contingency Management (CM) to teens on their caseload who have problems with drug use. CM has already been shown to be effective at helping teens with drug problems but CM has never been delivered by JPOs. This study will test how well it works to have JPOs deliver CM during their regular meetings with teens.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use issues among adolescents are a major public health problem resulting in significant negative outcomes and extraordinary long-term costs. The rates of AOD use issues among youth in the justice system are twice the rates among youth without justice involvement. Further, youth with AOD issues engage in more severe delinquency and continue offending as adults, and their rate of engagement in HIV/STI sexual risk behaviors is alarming. Therefore, widespread access and delivery of effective AOD interventions to juvenile offenders is of considerable importance. Unfortunately, significant challenges exist for meeting the treatment needs of justice-involved youth. Although these youth are routinely referred to community-based providers for treatment, less than 1 in 5 are able to obtain such treatment. Further, for youth and families who are able to overcome barriers and engage with service providers, it is unlikely that they will receive an intervention that is evidence-based. In light of this context, innovative strategies clearly are needed to improve access to evidence-based practices for AOD abuse among youth in the juvenile justice system. Thus, the overriding purpose of the proposed study is to increase the access to such an evidence-based practice (Contingency Management [CM]) among youth in the juvenile justice system. This study leverages and extends the investigative team's work in CM efficacy, delivery, and technology transfer in juvenile justice settings, as well as 30+ years of collaboration with juvenile justice. We posit that juvenile probation officers (JPOs) are in an ideal position to deliver an AOD evidence-based practice to youth because of their intensive involvement and frequent contact with the youth offenders under their supervision. Further, CM is ideal for JPOs to learn and implement because it is highly specified and low in complexity relative to other AOD evidence-based practices for youth. Also, JPOs regularly monitor their probationers' substance use via frequent biological screens and implement consequences based on results, making CM consistent with JPOs' work. The proposed research randomizes JPOs to 2 conditions: CM versus control (usual JPO services), and then randomizes adolescent probationers with AOD disorders across those 2 conditions. This research would provide (1) evidence for the feasibility of JPOs to deliver an AOD abuse intervention, (2) initial evidence of clinical efficacy for JPOs as service delivery providers [to address clinical public health outcomes of AOD use, criminal activity, and HIV/STI sexual risk behaviors], and (3) identify any barriers that would need to be addressed for JPOs to deliver such services. The primary motivation for this application is the clear public health need for improving and expanding delivery of AOD interventions in the juvenile justice system. The ultimate outcome would be decreased AOD use and other public health-related behaviors (i.e., criminal behaviors, HIV/STI sexual risk behaviors) among these high-risk adolescents.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
310

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Idaho
      • Burley, Idaho, United States, 83318
        • Cassia County Juvenile Probation
      • Caldwell, Idaho, United States, 83605
        • Canyon County Juvenile Probation
      • Gooding, Idaho, United States, 83330
        • Gooding County Juvenile Probation
      • Hailey, Idaho, United States, 83333
        • Blaine County Juvenile Probation
      • Jerome, Idaho, United States, 83338
        • Jerome County Juvenile Probation
      • Rupert, Idaho, United States, 83350
        • Minidoka Juvenile Probation
      • Shoshone, Idaho, United States, 83352
        • Lincoln County Juvenile Probation
      • Twin Falls, Idaho, United States, 83301
        • Twin Falls County Juvenile Probation
    • Nevada
      • Carson City, Nevada, United States, 89701
        • Carson City Juvenile Probation
      • Reno, Nevada, United States, 89512
        • Washoe County Juvenile Probation
    • Oregon
      • Bend, Oregon, United States, 97701
        • Deschutes County Juvenile Probation
      • Pendleton, Oregon, United States, 97801
        • Umatilla County Juvenile Probation
      • Salem, Oregon, United States, 97301
        • Marion County Juvenile Probation
      • The Dalles, Oregon, United States, 97058
        • Wasco County Juvenile Probation

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

12 years to 17 years (Child, Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

There are 2 types of participants in this study: juvenile probation officers and youth.

Inclusion Criteria for juvenile probation officers:

  • Employed as a juvenile probation officer within one of the participating counties
  • Serving clients aged 12-18 years old with a substance abuse problem

Exclusion Criteria for juvenile probation officers:

  • Not employed as a juvenile probation officer within one of the participating counties
  • Not serving clients aged 12-18 years old with a substance abuse problem
  • Juvenile probation officers solely assigned to a specialized caseload (e.g., sexual offense or gang unit) were excluded if they were the only one in their county with that assignment because randomization would be precluded

Inclusion Criteria for youth:

  • Newly opened probation case (can have previous cases)
  • 12-18 years old
  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5) substance use disorder

Exclusion Criteria for youth:

  • Pervasive intellectual or developmental disorder
  • Active psychotic disorder
  • Youth actively involved in a Drug Court Program at time of study recruitment

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Youth: 12 Years to 18 Years
  • JPOs: Any age

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Contingency Management
This group will receive regular probation services but will also receive the Contingency Management program for substance abuse from their juvenile probation officer during regular meetings.
Behavioral: Contingency Management
Contingency Management (CM) utilizes behavior modification & cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent alcohol or other drug (AOD) use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the family and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is filled in by the family, which provides rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
Active Comparator: Probation as Usual
This group will receive regular services that are usually provided by juvenile probation officers.
Behavioral: Probation as Usual
Standard services that a young person would receive while under probation supervision in the state.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes from Baseline scores compared to 9 months post-Baseline Urine Drug Screens (measured at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 9 months
The number of positive drug screens from toxicology testing for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), synthetic THC, amphetamines, methamphetamines, opiates, phencyclidine (PCP), cocaine, benzodiazepines and alcohol metabolites (Ethyl glucuronide, Ethyl sulfate ).
Baseline to 9 months
Changes from Baseline scores compared to 9 months post-Baseline Substance Use and Problems (measured at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 9 months
Frequency of substance use and substance-related problems self-reported on the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs.
Baseline to 9 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes in number and severity of criminal charges in official records in the 18 months pre-Baseline compared with 18 months post-Baseline.
Time Frame: 18 months pre-Baseline to 18 months post-Baseline.
Changes from 18 months pre-Baseline in offending, measured in the number and severity of offenses in official arrest records compared to 18 months post-Baseline.
18 months pre-Baseline to 18 months post-Baseline.
Changes from Baseline scores compared to 9 months post-Baseline Delinquent Behaviors (measured at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 9 months.
Delinquent behaviors self-reported using the Self-Report Delinquency Scale.
Baseline to 9 months.
Changes from Baseline scores compared to 9 months post-Baseline Sexual Risk Behaviors (measured at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 9 months.
Sexual risk behaviors self-reported using the HIV Sexual Risk Behavior Scale.
Baseline to 9 months.
Changes from Baseline scores compared to 9 months post-BaselineTreatment Usage (measured at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 9 months.
The number of courses of in-patient and out-patient treatment obtained by youth for substance abuse as measured by the Structured Adolescent Interview (conducted with youth and caregiver together).
Baseline to 9 months.
Changes from Baseline scores compared to 9 months post-Baseline Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (measured at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 9 months.
The frequency of youth's internalizing and externalizing behaviors as measured using the Brief Problem Checklist (self- and parent-report).
Baseline to 9 months.
Changes from Baseline scores compared to 31 months post-Baseline Contingency Management (CM) Adherence (measured monthly for 31 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 31 months.
Adherence to CM practices by juvenile probation officers as measured using the CM-Therapist Adherence Measure (CM-TAM) (Self-report version, Tape Coding version and Youth/Caregiver versions).
Baseline to 31 months.
Changes from Baseline in Training Needs and Training Satisfaction scores compared to 31 months post-Baseline (measured at 0,16 and 31 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 31 months.
Scores in training needs and training satisfaction as measured by the Organizational Readiness for Change-Criminal Justice Version (completed by participating juvenile probation officers).
Baseline to 31 months.
Changes from Baseline in attitudes towards using rewards in substance abuse treatment compared to 31 months post-Baseline (measured at 0,16 and 31 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 31 months.
Ratings on attitudes towards using rewards in substance use treatment as measured by the Provider Survey of Incentives (completed by participating juvenile probation officers).
Baseline to 31 months.
Changes from Baseline in attitudes towards Contingency Management (CM) compared to 31 months post-Baseline (measured at 0,16 and 31 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 31 months.
Ratings on attitudes towards Contingency Management as measured by qualitative ratings of audio-taped and transcribed focus groups (focus groups involve participating juvenile probation officers).
Baseline to 31 months.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Chestnut Health Systems

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Oregon Social Learning Center
George Mason University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 1, 2017

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 14, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 5, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 6, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 6, 2017

First Posted (Estimated)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 10, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 21, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 17, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • R01DA041434-01 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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