Preventing Non-communicable Diseases in Guatemala Through Sugary Drink Reduction

March 1, 2021 updated by: University of Pennsylvania
Sugar-sweetened beverages are a significant contributor to adult and childhood obesity in Guatemala. Policies to place health warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages are being pursued, but there is little empirical data on how such labels influence people. The primary aim of this study is to test the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) warning posters compared to control posters and change in SSBs purchased compared to baseline by adolescents shopping at school cafeterias in Guatemala City, Guatemala. The hypothesis is that posters with information warning people of the health harms associated with overconsuming SSBs and promoting low sugar beverages will be associated with greater reductions in SSB purchases compared to a control poster.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
628

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Guatemala
      • Guatemala City, Guatemala
        • Universidad Rafael Landivar

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

12 years to 18 years (ADULT, CHILD)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Between 12 and 18 years old
  • Made a food or beverage purchase
  • Has permission from parent or caregiver to participate
  • Has not yet completed the purchase assessment

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Under 12 or over 18 years old
  • Did not make a food or beverage purchase
  • Parent or caregiver refused to give child permission to participate
  • Already participated in the purchase assessment

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: NONE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Calorie/Control Poster
This poster will display images of both SSBs and low or no sugar beverages with calories listed below the beverages. It will simply state that those beverages are sold in the school store.
Behavioral: Exposure to beverage calorie information
Calories for sugar-sweetened and non-sugar-sweetened beverages
EXPERIMENTAL: SSB Warning and Non-SSB Promotion Poster
This poster will display images of both SSBs and low or no sugar beverages with calories listed below the beverages. In addition, the message will state that SSBs are high in sugar and should be avoided, while low or no sugar beverages are healthier options and should be chosen.
Behavioral: Exposure to beverage calorie information
Calories for sugar-sweetened and non-sugar-sweetened beverages
Behavioral: Exposure to beverage health information
Red stop sign and avoidance message for sugar-sweetened beverages and green check mark and promotion message for non-sugar-sweetened beverage nutrition information
NO_INTERVENTION: Baseline for Calorie/Control Poster
We will collect baseline data from a group of students before posting the Calorie/Control Poster in the control school.
NO_INTERVENTION: Baseline for SSB Warning and Non-SSB Promotion Poster
We will collect baseline data from a group of students before posting the SSB Warning and Non-SSB Promotion Poster in the intervention school.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Volume of SSBs Per Transaction
Time Frame: Through study period (either 4 weeks baseline, or 4 weeks intervention)
Total milliliters of SSBs per transaction from sales data
Through study period (either 4 weeks baseline, or 4 weeks intervention)
Beverage Calories Per Transaction
Time Frame: Through study period (either 4 weeks baseline or 4 weeks intervention)
Total number of calories for all beverages (SSBs and non-SSBs) per transaction from sales data
Through study period (either 4 weeks baseline or 4 weeks intervention)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Total Calories Per Transaction
Time Frame: Through time frame (either 4 weeks baseline, or 4 weeks intervention)
Total number of calories for all food and beverages (SSBs and non-SSBs) per transaction from purchase assessments (e.g., calories from Coke + bag of chips)
Through time frame (either 4 weeks baseline, or 4 weeks intervention)

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Percentage of Participants With Transactions With SSBs Out of All Food and Beverage Transactions
Time Frame: 4-week baseline and 4-week intervention
Percentage of participants with transactions that have sugar sweetened beverages out of all participants who had food and beverage transactions
4-week baseline and 4-week intervention
Percentage of Participants With Transactions With SSBs Out of All Beverage Transactions
Time Frame: 4-week baseline and 4-week intervention
Percentage of participants with transactions that have sugar sweetened beverages out of all participants who had beverage transactions
4-week baseline and 4-week intervention
Unhealthy Perceptions of SSBs
Time Frame: 4 weeks baseline, 4 weeks intervention
Average of perceptions of healthiness (measured on Likert scales) for two items (1=Extremely unhealthy; 7=Extremely healthy, lower values are more accurate)
4 weeks baseline, 4 weeks intervention
Healthy Perceptions of Non-SSBs
Time Frame: 4 weeks baseline, 4 weeks intervention
Average of perceptions of healthiness (measured on Likert scales) for two items (1=Extremely unhealthy; 7=Extremely healthy, higher values are more accurate)
4 weeks baseline, 4 weeks intervention
Perceived Influence of Poster Among Those Who Saw it
Time Frame: During intervention, 4 weeks
"Do you think the poster influenced what you purchased?" (1=Not at all; 5=Very much, higher values in the intervention condition indicate the intervention is perceived to be effective)
During intervention, 4 weeks
Poster Message Trust
Time Frame: During intervention, 4 weeks
"How much do you trust the information on the poster?" (1=Not at all; 5=Very much, higher values in the intervention condition indicate the intervention is perceived to be trustworthy)
During intervention, 4 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Pennsylvania

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health
Universidad Rafael Landivar

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 8, 2019

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 30, 2019

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 30, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 9, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 16, 2019

First Posted (ACTUAL)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 17, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 1, 2021

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • R21TW010837 (NIH)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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