Glucose:Fructose Versus Glucose Carbohydrate Ingestion and Endurance Performance

The primary objective is to show that multiple transportable carbohydrate ingestion is more effective in improving endurance performance compared to single transportable carbohydrate ingestion.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: glucose; Dietary supplement: Mixture of glucose and fructose

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 74
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• New Zealand
  • Wellington, New Zealand
    • Massey University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 60 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Males aged 18 to 60 years
• A history of competitive triathlon performance (≥ 2 years)
• Participation in at least four competitive triathlon events within the past 2 years
• Be in regular training for triathlon events

• A personal best time for a standard ½ Ironman race (1.9 km swim, 90 km cycle, 21.1 km run) in the last year of either:

  • ≤ 6 h 00 min, for men aged 18-40 years
  • or ≤6 h 05 min for men aged 40-50 years
  • or ≤6 h 20 min for men aged 50-60 years

• Alternatively, if not competed in ½ Ironman in the last year, at least one standard distance triathlon (1.5 km swim, 40 km cycle, 10 km run) within the last 12 months:

  • ≤2 h 13 min, for men aged 18-40 years
  • or ≤2 h 18 min for men aged 40-50 years
  • or ≤2 h 23 min for men aged 50-60 years
• Available to compete in the ½ Ironman events and complete all study requirements
• Experienced in using carbohydrate supplementation, as gels, bars, and drinks in training/racing, specifically at rates ≥60-90g/h)
• Experience of specific formulations may include both or only multiple and single transportable carbohydrates, thus a full assessment would be made prior to recruitment to ensure balance during randomization and account for any association with the primary outcome
• Obtained his (or his legal representative's) informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Failure to meet health requirements defined in the Health Questionnaire
• Prior known fructose intolerance
• Wheat intolerance or other precluding food or packaging-related allergies
• An existing injury affecting ability to race to best ability
• A chronic injury that may affect ability to complete the races
• Unable to carry out performance assessments and questionnaires correctly
• Unable to tolerate the treatment during the familiarization sessions
• Taking medications thought to interfere with the study outcomes
• Currently participating or having participated in another clinical study during the last four weeks prior to the beginning of this study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
• Masking: DOUBLE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: mixture of glucose and fructose	Dietary supplement: glucose
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Glucose; Single glucose	Dietary supplement: Mixture of glucose and fructose

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
TIME to finish a long distance triathlon	Total time recorded at the end of the race 1 and race 2

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Nestlé

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Rowlands DS, Houltham SD. Multiple-Transportable Carbohydrate Effect on Long-Distance Triathlon Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Aug;49(8):1734-1744. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001278.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: November 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): January 1, 2014
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): January 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 26, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 8, 2014
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): January 9, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): July 9, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 8, 2014
• Last Verified: July 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 13.09.PER