- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT02797483
Multi-country Study- Effect of Dietary Fats on Fat Deposition
Multi-country Studies on the Effect of Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids at the Triglyceride Backbone of Vegetable Oils on Fat Deposition and Selected Health Outcome Measures - Malaysia
There is existing evidence to show that vegetable oils having unsaturated fatty acids in the sn-2 position with predominantly palmitic acid (C16:0) or stearic acid (C18:0) in the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of fat molecules do not raise serum cholesterol levels. These observations have come to be known as or explained by the "sn-2 hypothesis". New evidence have also emerged to show that saturated fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0) in the sn-1 and -3 positions reduces fat deposition in a rat model. Therefore, further studies in humans are warranted to confirm these earlier findings.
Fats and oils are made up of >90% triacylglycerol (TAG)- fat molecules which consist of a glycerol backbone to which 3 esterified fatty acids are attached. The positions of fatty acid attachment are referred to by stereospecific numbers, sn -1, -2 and -3. Early evidence shown that the unique stereospecificity of fatty acid distribution on the palm fat molecule conferred health benefits in that it inhibited experimental atherosclerosis in the rabbit model.
In vegetable oils, oleic acid [a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)] is predominantly situated at the sn-2 position, while in animals fats it is predominantly palmitic acid or stearic acid (C16:0 or C18:0-saturated fat) that is situated there. Even though palm olein and lard have similar proportions of saturated fatty acid (SFA), MUFA and polyunsatuared fatty acid (PUFA), they differ significantly in their positional distribution on the TAG molecule. Palm olein TAG contains only 7-11 % palmitic acid at the sn-2 position while about 87% is unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid and linoleic acid). Lard has the highest amount of palmitic acid in the sn-2 position at 70%. On the other hand, in human milk, palmitic acid is predominantly in sn-2 (53-57 %) while cow milk fat contains less palmitic acid (38 %) there. It is now believed that the distribution of fatty acids in the TAG is more important than the fatty acid composition alone in conferring the oils' 'saturated' or 'unsaturated' properties.
In this proposed study, the effects on the outcome measures investigated of different fatty acids (palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid) at the sn-1, sn-2 and sn-3 positions of the TAG molecule in three different test fats will be investigated.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Healthy adult male or female, aged 20-60 years
- BMI 18-5-27.5 kg/m2
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of any one of these chronic diseases - type 2 DM, hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, liver disease, cancer
- Current problem with indigestion or constipation or bowel movement
- On medication/nutraceutiucals to reduce blood lipids or blood pressure or weight
- Pregnant or lactating women or taking COCP
- Habitual smokers (>2 sticks per day)
- Alcoholism (>21 units per week for men & >14 units per week for women)
- Mean screening blood pressure >140/90 mmHg
- Screening TC>6.2 mmol/L or TAG >2.0 mmol/L
- Planned trip abroad/overseas during period of study
- Unable to adhere to at least 90% of the prescribed oil & recommended energy and fat per day per research protocol
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
- Allocation: RANDOMIZED
- Interventional Model: PARALLEL
- Masking: DOUBLE
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
EXPERIMENTAL: Test Fat Blue
16 weeks interventions
|
Each subject received a palm olein-based run in diet for 2 weeks, followed by random assignment Test Fat Blue which incorporated into daily snacks (~50g of test fats, 2 experimental cupcakes (~15g test fat each) for breakfast and 4 pieces experimental cookies (~5g test fat each) for afternoon tea together with a palm olein-based background diet for 16 weeks.
|
EXPERIMENTAL: Test Fat Green
16 weeks interventions
|
Each subject received a palm olein-based run in diet for 2 weeks, followed by random assignment Test Fat Green which incorporated into daily snacks (~50g of test fats, 2 experimental cupcakes (~15g test fat each) for breakfast and 4 pieces experimental cookies (~5g test fat each) for afternoon tea together with a palm olein-based background diet for 16 weeks.
|
EXPERIMENTAL: Test Fat Red
16 weeks interventions
|
Each subject received a palm olein-based run in diet for 2 weeks, followed by random assignment Test Fat Red which incorporated into daily snacks (~50g of test fats, 2 experimental cupcakes (~15g test fat each) for breakfast and 4 pieces experimental cookies (~5g test fat each) for afternoon tea together with a palm olein-based background diet for 16 weeks.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Change of liver fat content
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline) and week 16
|
measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan
|
week 0 (baseline) and week 16
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Change of body mass index (BMI)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
measured by Tanita Segmental Body Fat Analysis
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of waist circumference
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
|
Change of body fat distribution/content
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
|
Change of visceral adiposity index (VAI)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
analysed by visceral adiposity index (VAI)
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of body adiposity index (BAI)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
analysed by visceral body adiposity index (BAI)
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum leptin
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) development kits
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum total cholesterol (TC)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
analyzed enzymatically by Siemens Advia 2400 Chemistry Analyzer
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
analyzed enzymatically by Siemens Advia 2400 Chemistry Analyzer
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum triacylglycerie (TAG)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
analyzed enzymatically by Siemens Advia 2400 Chemistry Analyzer
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDLC)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
analyzed enzymatically by Siemens Advia 2400 Chemistry Analyzer
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum lipoprotein ration (TC/HDLC)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
analyzed enzymatically by Siemens Advia 2400 Chemistry Analyzer
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum HDL-subfractions
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
measured by Lipoprint® HDL Subfractions Test
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum LDL-subfractions
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
measured by Lipoprint® LDL Subfractions Test
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum Apolipoprotein A
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
measured by Siemens Advia 2400 Chemistry Analyzer
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum Apolipoprotein B
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
measured by Siemens Advia 2400 Chemistry Analyzer
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum Lp (a)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
measured by Siemens Advia 2400 Chemistry Analyzer
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Faecal fatty acid composition (FAC)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
FAC of faecal extracted fat measured by gas chromatography (GC)
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of visceral adipose tissue
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline) and week 16
|
measured by MRI
|
week 0 (baseline) and week 16
|
Change of subcutaneous adipose tissue
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline) and week 16
|
measured by MRI
|
week 0 (baseline) and week 16
|
Change of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
analysed by ELISA development kits
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
analysed by ELISA development kits
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Change of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
analysed by ELISA development kits
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Time Frame: week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
measured by blood pressure meter
|
week 0 (baseline), week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 16
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Study Chair: Choo Yuen May, PhD, MPOB
- Principal Investigator: Augustine Ong Soon Hock, PhD, MPOB
- Principal Investigator: Verna Lee Kar Man, PhD, IMU
- Principal Investigator: Norhaizan Mohd Esa, PhD, UPM
- Principal Investigator: Teh Soek Sin, PhD, MPOB
- Principal Investigator: Yap Sia Yen, PhD, MPOB
- Principal Investigator: Ng Yen Teng, Bsc, MPOB
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (ACTUAL)
Study Completion (ACTUAL)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (ESTIMATE)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Other Study ID Numbers
- PD 205/15 (b)
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
Clinical Trials on Healthy
-
Prevent Age Resort "Pervaya Liniya"RecruitingHealthy Aging | Healthy Diet | Healthy LifestyleRussian Federation
-
Maastricht University Medical CenterCompletedHealthy Volunteers | Healthy Subjects | Healthy AdultsNetherlands
-
Yale UniversityNot yet recruitingHealth-related Benefits of Introducing Table Olives Into the Diet of Young Adults: Olives For HealthHealthy Diet | Healthy Lifestyle | Healthy Nutrition | CholesterolUnited States
-
Hasselt UniversityRecruitingHealthy | Healthy AgingBelgium
-
Galera Therapeutics, Inc.Syneos HealthCompleted
-
Galera Therapeutics, Inc.Syneos HealthCompletedHealthy | Healthy VolunteersAustralia
-
University of PennsylvaniaActive, not recruitingHealthy | Healthy AgingUnited States
-
Chalmers University of TechnologyGöteborg UniversityCompletedHealthy | Nutrition, HealthySweden
-
University of ManitobaNot yet recruitingHealthy | Healthy Diet
Clinical Trials on Test Fat Blue
-
Universität des SaarlandesCompleted
-
Kirsten BellMcMaster UniversityRecruiting
-
Assiut UniversityNot yet recruitingEustachian Tube Dysfunction
-
Nanyang Technological UniversityMinistry of Education, SingaporeCompletedOverweight and ObesitySingapore
-
University of PennsylvaniaNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)Recruiting
-
Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALPUniversity Hospital Inselspital, BerneCompletedInflammation | Obesity | Nutritional InterventionSwitzerland
-
Vilnius UniversityNational Cancer Institute, Lithuania; Vilnius University hospital Santaros...CompletedColorectal Neoplasms | Colorectal Cancer | Colorectal Carcinoma | Colorectal AdenocarcinomaLithuania
-
Unilever R&DCompleted
-
University of AarhusDanish Diabetes AcademyCompletedType 2 Diabetes | NAFLDDenmark
-
Coopervision, Inc.Completed