Sirolimus Versus Sirolimus Plus Prednisolone for Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma

April 19, 2022 updated by: Yi Ji, West China Hospital

Sirolimus Versus Sirolimus Plus Prednisolone for Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma With Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular neoplasm that occurs predominantly in infancy or early childhood. KHE has a nearly equal sex ratio. The annual incidence of KHE has been estimated at 0.071 per 100,000 children. KHE presents with intermediate-malignant and locally aggressive characteristics but without distant metastases.

This pilot trial studies sirolimus versus sirolimus plus pednisolone in treating patients diagnosed with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and Kasabach-Merritt phenomemon (KMP) that cannot be removed by surgery. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of orally administered sirolimus versus sirolimus plus pednisolone in the treatment of KHE associated with KMP.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Kasabach-Merritt phenomemon (KMP) is a profound thrombocytopenia resulting from intralesional platelet trapping. It is now clear that KMP occurs with KHE and tufted angioma, not with infantile or congenital hemangiomas. KMP is typically associated with more aggressive lesions and poorer outcomes. Clinically significant KMP is a severe thrombocytopenia, generally below 30× 109/L. Severe thrombocytopenia may indicate a severer tumor, a progressive tumor, partially or totally insensitive to therapy. In addition to severe, persistent thrombocytopenia characteristic of KMP, patients often manifest elevated D-dimer and low fibrinogen. Coagulopathy in addition to thrombocytopenia is associated with more aggressive presentations and may indicate current infection or inflammation. Additionally, KMP may be complicated by severe anemia due to blood sequestration and intra-lesional hemorrhaging. KHE with KMP have notably high morbidity and mortality rates, resulting predominantly from rapid tumor growth and infiltration, compression or destruction of vital structures, and hemodynamic instability.

Consensus treatment guidelines from a multidisciplinary expert panel were published in 2013. Medical treatments with corticosteroids and/or vincristine have been recommended for the management of KHE. However, first-line treatment with corticosteroids is successful in only 10-27% of all cases, and treatment with vincristine is successful in 60-70% of patients. Moreover, vincristine monotherapy has not been confirmed to provide significant benefits in critically ill patients.

Sirolimus (also known as rapamycin) is an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In recent studies, sirolimus was shown to be effective in patients with complex vascular anomalies, including KHE. Our multicenter, retrospective study demonstrated that oral sirolimus is an effective and safe option for the treatment of progressive KHE. Additionally, our data emphasized that the KHE treatment regimen should be tailored to individual patients and guided by specific clinical circumstances. In cases of severe Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP), sirolimus in combination with the short-term administration of prednisolone is recommended for controlling life-threatening conditions.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

30

Phase

  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • China
    • Sichuan
      • Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
        • West China Hospital of Sichuan University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

1 day to 18 years (Child, Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Presenting a KHE with the following characteristics:

    1. Clinical features and histological findings consistent with progressive, non-resectable KHE associated with KMP.
    2. Patients must be 0 - 18 years of age at the time of study entry.
    3. Without functional impairment requiring treatment of corticosteroid.

  • Organ function requirements:

    1 Adequate liver function:

    1. Total bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)for age, and
    2. ALT and AST less than or equal to 2.5 x upper limit normal (ULN) for age.

    2 Adequate renal function:

    1. 0-5 years of age maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL) of 0.8
    2. 6-10 years of age maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL) of 1.0
    3. 11-15 years of age maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL) of 1.2
    4. 16-18 years of age maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL) of 1.5
  • Adequate bone marrow function: Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) greater than or equal to 1 x 10 to the ninth/Liter.
  • Consent of parents (or the person having parental authority in families): Signed and dated written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Allergy to sirolimus or other rapamycin analogues.
  • Any known evidence of significant local or systemic uncontrolled infection, defined as receiving intravenous antibiotics at the time of randomization.
  • Patients must not be known to be Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive or known immunodeficiency. Testing is not required unless a condition is suspected.
  • Other concurrent severe and/or uncontrolled medical disease which could compromise participation in the study (e.g. uncontrolled diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension, severe malnutrition, chronic liver or renal disease, active upper gastrointestinal tract ulceration).
  • Impairment of gastrointestinal function or chronic gastrointestinal disease that may significantly alter the absorption of sirolimus.
  • Patients who have a history of malignancy.
  • Patients with an inability to participate or to follow the study treatment and assessment plan.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Sirolimus
Sirolimus was initiated at a dosage of 0.8 mg/m2 administered twice daily. Subsequently, the sirolimus dosage was adjusted monthly to achieve trough levels between 10 and 15 ng/mL.
Drug: Sirolimus
Oral administration
Other Names:
  • Rapamycin
Active Comparator: Sirolimus plus prednisolone

Sirolimus was initiated at a dosage of 0.8 mg/m2 administered twice daily. Subsequently, the sirolimus dosage was adjusted monthly to achieve trough levels between 10 and 15 ng/mL.

Prednisolone was administered 2 mg/kg administered once daily. Should satisfactory clinical responses and hematologic stabilization ensue, prednisolone may be tapered and discontinued within the following 4-6 weeks.
Drug: Sirolimus
Oral administration
Other Names:
  • Rapamycin
Drug: Prednisolone
Oral administered with sirolimus

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The changes of platelet counts
Time Frame: 2 months
Platelet counts
2 months
The changes of fibrinogen levels
Time Frame: 2 months
Fibrinogen levels
2 months
The changes in KHE volume
Time Frame: 6 and 12 months

Response to therapy was measured by volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analyses were performed at baseline and 6 and 12 months after treatment and were independently assessed by 2 radiologists. Changes in KHE size were classified as further growth (increase of ≥10%), no change (<10% increase and <10% decrease), partial involution (decrease of ≥10% and <75%), nearly complete involution (decrease of ≥75% and <100%), or complete involution (100%).

Photographs of the mixed KHE were taken at months 0, 6 and 12 by a medical photographer.
6 and 12 months
The changes in the patient's symptoms and/or complications.
Time Frame: 6 and 12 months
Improvement in the range of motion.
6 and 12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Frequency of adverse events
Time Frame: 12 months
Frequency of adverse events (e.g. gastrointestinal disorders, blood and lymphatic system disorders, metabolic disorders or other abnormal laboratory results, skin disorders and general disorders, etc.) collected by investigator and reported by parents. All adverse events were collected and graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0 (CTCAE v4.0). The causality of the adverse event was determined by the multidisciplinary staff and was classified as definitively not related, probably not related, possibly related, probably related, or definitively related. Any dose reductions, interruptions, or cessations enacted at the discretion of the investigators were recorded.
12 months
Change in blood biomarkers
Time Frame: 6 and 12 months
Change in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A, C and D), IL-6, IL-8, angiopoietin 1 and 2. These parameters were measured via a series of correlative laboratory studies using blood samples.
6 and 12 months
Quality of life (QOL) in patients.
Time Frame: 12 months
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQLTM) 4.0 Genetic Core Infant Scales (<2 years) or Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQLTM) 4.0 Genetic Core Scales (2-18 years) were used.
12 months
Measuring the impact of KHE on family functioning.
Time Frame: 12 months
PedsQLTM 4.0 Family Impact Module (FIM) was used.
12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

West China Hospital

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Yi Ji, MD, PhD, West China Hospital

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 1, 2017

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 9, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 12, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

June 15, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 21, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 19, 2022

Last Verified

April 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2017-312
  • 81401606 (Other Grant/Funding Number: National Natural Science Foundation of China)
  • 81400862 (Other Grant/Funding Number: National Natural Science Foundation of China)
  • 2015SU04A15 (Other Grant/Funding Number: Excellent Youth Scholars of Sichuan University)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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