The Effect of Menstrual Cycle On IL-6, TNF-α And Periodontal Status

The Effect of Menstrual Cycle on Periodontium

Aim: Women's menstrual cycle is controlled by the secretion of sex hormones. Sex steroid hormones are thought to be affect to periodontal tissues, wound healing, periodontal disease progression and bone turn over. The aim the study is to evaluate clinical periodontal parameters and interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in menstrual cycle.

Material and methods: Twenty-five patients were included in this study clinical periodontal parameters and levels of IL-6 and TNF α in gingival crevicular fluid were evaluated at three periods of menstrual cycle (menstruation day (MD)-ovulation day(OD)-premenstruation day (PmD)). Levels of IL-6 and TNF α in gingival crevicular fluid were determined by ELISA.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Menstrual Cycle-Associated Gingivitis
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: diagnosis

Detailed Description

Study Population

Sixty women were initially included in this longitudinal, prospective study in Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology.

The procedure was accepted and informed consent was signed by all participants. The material and method used in the trial were accepted by the Yuzuncu Yil University Ethics Committee and were found to conform to the guidelines issued in the Declaration of Helsinki. To standardize the effect of plaque accumulation on the tested parameters, subjects were given oral hygiene instructions before the study.

Clinical Procedures, and Measurements

All subjects were scheduled for periodontal measurements and GCF sampling on the specific days determined as follows: 1) menstruation day (MD); on days 2-3 of menstruation 2) ovulation day (OD); detected by saliva fertility microscope 12-14 days of menstrual cycle and 3) premenstruation day (PmD); 22-24 days of menstruation cycle.

The subjects evaluated the study criteria in terms of the duration of a regular menstrual cycle (28 ± 3 d) and were followed up for three menstrual cycles. Five participants were excluded from the study if their menstrual cycles were longer or shorter than 28 ± 3 d for the last 12 months.

Donna ® Saliva Fertility Tester was used to detect the ovulation day. Patients also made their own fever measurement and confirmed the ovulation day. A small amount of saliva was placed onto microscope and after 5 minutes results were evaluated according to manufacturer's instructions. The outside of microscope lens cleaned with alcohol and a cotton swab after each use.

Periodontal measurements were performed for all patients at each of the three time points from index teeth. Periodontal measurements were: 1) plaque index (PI) (according to Silness and Löe index) 9: measured at six sites around each tooth; the highest score per tooth was recorded; 2) gingival index (GI) (according to Löe and Silness index) 10: measured at six sites around each tooth; the highest score per tooth was recorded; 3) probing depth (PD): measured at six sites around each tooth.

The GCF samples were obtained for 30 seconds from the mesiobuccal gingival sulcus of teeth using periodontal paper strips . The samples were taken 3 hours after the patients brush their teeth in the morning.

To avoid irritation of the periodontal pocket epithelium, the clinical measurements were obtained after the GCF samples collecting. The area was isolated with cotton rolls. All paper strips were stored in phosphate buffered solution. Paper points contaminated with blood and saliva were not used for study. GCF samples were stored at -80 °C for laboratory analyses. GCF samples were analyzed for IL-6 and TNF-α using commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results were reported as concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in GCF.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 25

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • VAN, Turkey, 65080
    • Yuzuncu Yıl University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years to 29 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

25 women were included in this longitudinal, prospective study in Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology

Description

Inclusion Criteria:Inclusion criteria were:

1. premenopausal women, age 20-35 to years;
2. normal and steady menstrual cycle (25 to 31 days long);
3. available for clinical examination;
4. non-smoking;
5. antibiotic therapy or use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within the past 6 months;
6. healthy systemic status;
7. normal body mass index;
8. healthy periodontium.

Exclusion Criteria: Exclusion criteria were as follows:

1. pregnancy;
2. use of oral contraceptives;
3. metabolic or systemic condition that might affect the periodontium;
4. antibiotic therapy or use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within the past 6 months;
5. periodontitis;
6. smoking and
7. with the diagnosis of polycystic over or hyperandrogenism according to Rotterdam diagnostic criteria

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Only
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
periodontal clinical parameters	gingival index: according to Silness and Löe gingival index plaque index: according to Löe and Silness plaque index probing depth the distance between gingival margin to periodontal sulcus bottom (mm) IL-6 concentration (pg/microliter) TNF- alpha concentration (pg/microliter)	1 menstrual cycle (approximately 1 month) every patient follow up

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Yuzuncu Yıl University
• Investigators: Study Director: hacer sahin aydinyurt, yuzuncu yil universtiy

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 26, 2017
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): September 1, 2018
• Study Completion (Anticipated): September 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 16, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 12, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): September 13, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 6, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 5, 2018
• Last Verified: February 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: menstrual cycle; gingivitis; interleukin 1; tumor necrosis factor alpha
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Infections; Stomatognathic Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Gingival Diseases; Gingivitis
• Other Study ID Numbers: YuzuncuYıl4

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Undecided

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No