Vitamin D as a Factor Modifying Adaptation to Exercise

May 7, 2021 updated by: Robert Olek, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

Vitamin D as a Factor Modifying Adaptation to Diverse Forms of Exercise

Physical activity is a recommended, indispensable element of a healthy lifestyle as well as a countermeasure against many diseases often accompanied by the acute or chronic low grade inflammation. Papers published in recent years have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. Based on current knowledge of the topic, own experience and preliminary work, it is expected the proposed research to provide information on the mechanism either determining or limiting pro-healthy effects of exercise in different age groups of people. Three different training programmes will be investigated. Specific goals of the project include the following:

  1. Establish, whether regular Nordic Walking training and HIIT can reduce the low-grade systemic inflammation and which type of training is the most effective at doing so.
  2. Establish, whether regular training can prevent muscle sarcopenia and assess if those changes are related to the concentration of the autophagy-inducing stress protein, HMGB1.
  3. Establish, whether regular Nordic Walking training alters iron metabolism and evaluate its correlation with the inflammatory markers and bone-morphogenesis.
  4. Establish, whether muscle-released irisin signals growth in the BDNF concentration in response to exercise and if these changes improve cognitive function.
  5. Establish, whether Nordic Walking or HIIT training effectively improve the blood lipid profile and aerobic capacity, and if these effects correlate with the blood 25-OHD concentration.
  6. Establish, whether concentration of vitamin D alters adaptation to training and modifies immunological response to regular training process.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The mechanism behind the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise is not fully understood. In some cases physical activity has proven almost/completely ineffective in reducing systemic inflammation. Thus, evaluating factors, which modify this response, is of particular significance. One of them may be related to iron metabolism. It is has been suggested that regular training reduces body iron stores, which can contribute to the anti-inflammatory response. Consequently, one of the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise can be related to changes in iron metabolism. Nevertheless, our preliminary data demonstrated that eight months of Nordic Walking training did not reduce body iron stores in approx. 25% of subjects, even if some of them were characterized by high blood ferritin (good indicator of body iron stores). This may be related to the effect of exercise on the concentration of hepcidin (main regulator of iron absorption, which acts as a negative regulator of iron efflux). It is well documented that a single bout of exercise induces an increase in blood hepcidin; however, data on the effect of regular training on the hepcidin concentration are limited.

Vitamin D is another factor, which could influence the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. It has been suggested that individuals involved in physical activity have higher concentrations of 25OHD (indicator of vitamin D status). Vitamin D inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is considered the main mechanism of its anti-inflammatory action. It is worth noting that population in Poland is characterized by low status of vitamin D. Thus, it is possible that the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise will be modified by the vitamin status. Moreover, vitamin D has been shown to protect against muscle atrophy both in elderly and younger people. Its concentration has been correlated with muscle strength.

Inflammation has been observed to be associated with an increase of the autophagy-inducing stress protein, HMGB1, which mediates muscle atrophy. Measurement of plasma amino acid profile will be helpful to assess the impact of exercise on muscle proteolysis. Moreover, the link between exercise, vitamin D status and HMGB1 has not yet been established. In addition, a range of interactions induced by exercise involves the release of the newly discovered protein, irisin, form the muscle and its improving effect on the cognitive function through the synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Data on the effect of regular training on irisin concentration in elderly people is lacking.

Overall, our research interest focuses on the role of the factors mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise and the way they stimulate or inhibit adaptive changes. The proposed project draws on our long experience in investigating the effects of exercise on iron metabolism as well as other physical methods supporting the anti-inflammatory action of physical activity. Latest published papers indicate that the concentration of vitamin D, also in training adaptation, can modulate immunological response to exercise. Therefore, verifying our hypothesis would also allow us to determine if the concentration of vitamin D can limit adaptation to physical activity.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

100

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Poland
    • Pomorskie
      • Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland, 80-336
        • University of Physical Education and Sport
      • Sopot, Pomorskie, Poland, 81-735
        • Ziemann Ewa

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

15 years to 80 years (Child, Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

no illness medical check

Exclusion Criteria:

uncontrolled hypertension (diastolic blood pressure over 100 mmHg), a history of cardiac arrhythmia, cardio-respiratory disorders, advanced osteoporosis, clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Training NW
exercise and supplementation
Dietary supplement: NW training
NW training
Other Names:
  • vitamin D
  • Training
Dietary supplement: Placebo
training with placebo
Other Names:
  • Control group
Experimental: Training HICT and vitamin D
Training HICT plus vitamin D
Dietary supplement: NW training
NW training
Other Names:
  • vitamin D
  • Training
Dietary supplement: Placebo
training with placebo
Other Names:
  • Control group
Dietary supplement: HICT
Training and vitamin D
Other Names:
  • resistance training
Experimental: Placebo
placebo Vitamin D
Dietary supplement: NW training
NW training
Other Names:
  • vitamin D
  • Training

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The influence of vitamin D on physical performance in aging people
Time Frame: Values at baseline will be compared to values recorded 12 weeks and 3 months after the training programme.
To verify if training supported by vitamin D supplementation will bring better effects
Values at baseline will be compared to values recorded 12 weeks and 3 months after the training programme.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Ewa Ziemann, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 5, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

January 1, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

January 10, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 30, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 30, 2018

First Posted (Actual)

January 31, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

May 11, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 7, 2021

Last Verified

May 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2014/15/B/NZ7/00976

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Written-up results of research will be submitted for publication to international journals.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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