Snuff Use, Smoking, Periodontal Health and Premature Death: 30-year Study

July 30, 2018 updated by: Anna Julkunen, University of Helsinki
Snuff use and smoking associated with poor periodontal health, especially if used together.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Aim: The investigators investigated how snuff use and smoking affect periodontal health parameters and mortality in a Swedish cohort, hypothesizing that snuff use increases the risks.

Material and methods: Study cohort of 1 532 subjects aged 30 to 40 (758 men and 774 women) from Stockholm area was clinically examined and followed up from 1985 to 2015. Associations were analysed between periodontal health parameters, snuff use, smoking and age of death. For analyses, all subjects were classified into four groups: "dual-users" (current and ex-snuffers, current and ex-smokers); "pure snuffers" (current and ex-snuffers); "pure smokers" (non-snuffers, current and ex-smokers) and "non-users" (non-snuffers and non-smokers). Cross-tabulation, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

1676

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

30 years to 40 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Swedish national database sample

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • In 1985-1986 a sample was selected from the registry file of all inhabitants of the Stockholm area, of people born on the 20th of any month from 1945 to 1954.The sample comprised 3200 people. They were informed about the purpose of the study and called for clinical investigation. 1681 (52.5%) individuals, 840 men and 841 women, participated in the study. From the remaining 1519 non-respondents to the initial call, 100 randomly selected subjects, 45 men and 55 women, were reinformed and persuaded and finally agreed to participate in this investigation. They were used as a drop-out control sample.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Other people

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Cohort
  • Time Perspectives: Retrospective

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
No arms
There are no interventions
Other: Epidemiological study

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Periodontal Pockets
Time Frame: 1985
Dual users, pure snuffers and pure smokers had more ≥5mm deep periodontal pockets than non-users. Periodontal pockets were measured from all teeth and from six surfaces with a Hu-Friedy (PCPUNC 15) periodontal probe (Hu-friedy, Chicago, Ill., USA).
1985
Missing teeth
Time Frame: 1985
Pure smokers had more likely missing teeth than subjects in other groups. Missing teeth were calculated my dentist in clinical examination.
1985
Gingival Index (GI)
Time Frame: 1985
Dual-users, pure snuffers and pure smokers had higher GI scores than non-users. GI was scored from 0 (no gum bleeding) to 3 (abundant gum bleeding)
1985
Premature death
Time Frame: From year 1985 to year 2015
Snuff users or smokers did not die earlier than non-users of the cohort in 30 years. The Swedish National Death Register listing the cumulated causes of all deaths was used in the analyses.
From year 1985 to year 2015
Plaque Index (PI)
Time Frame: 1985
Dual-users, pure snuffers and pure smokers had higher PI scores than non-users. PI was scored from 0 (no plaque) to 3 (abundant plaque)
1985
Calculus Index (CI)
Time Frame: 1985
Dual-users, pure snuffers and pure smokers had higher CI scores than non-users. CI was scored from 0 (no calculus) to 3 (abundant calculus) according to Greene & Vermillion
1985

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Helsinki

Collaborators

Karolinska Institutet

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 1, 2016

Primary Completion (Actual)

July 1, 2018

Study Completion (Actual)

July 13, 2018

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

July 23, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 30, 2018

First Posted (Actual)

August 3, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

August 3, 2018

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 30, 2018

Last Verified

July 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 00290

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

IPD Plan Description

Any underlying research materials related to present study could be accessed by e-mail birgitta.soder@ki.se.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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