Upper Versus Lower Body Resistance Exercise in Older Adults

April 16, 2019 updated by: Miguel A. Sánchez-Lastra, University of Vigo

Effects of Resistance Exercise Focused on the Upper Body Versus the Lower Body on Global Physical Fitness and Cognitive Status of Older Adults Living in Geriatric Centers

TITLE: Relation between focused resistance training and its effect on cognitive performance and functional Independence of institutionalized elderly.

HIPOTHESIS: The performance of a physical exercise program based on resistance training in older adults stabilizes or improves some parameters of the functional independence as well as the cognitive function, finding effects overall organism by the focused training of some muscular groups.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: 1) to analyze the differential effects of an exercise program based on the training of the muscular strength of the upper body versus a lower body one, at short and long term in institutionalized elderly people; 2) to identify if there is any relations between the variables that induce frailness or functional dependence and the physical exercise program.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: To determine the differential effects of a physical exercise program based on the development of the muscular strength of the upper body versus the lower body, in sessions of 40 minutes a day, 2 days per week during 7 months on: a) The improvement of functional independence by the amelioration of balance, decrease of fall risk and an adequate development in the activities of daily living; b) The improvement of the global cognitive function; c) The improvement of the quality of life.

METHODS

  • Design: Controlled trial. The institutionalized elderly from the geriatric centers will be invited to take part in the study. After they meet the selection criteria, they will be assigned to two experimental groups and one control group in each center. Information regarding sociodemographic characteristics and a clinical anamnesis of the participants will be collected.
  • Intervention: Three groups, one from each centre. Two centers, experimental groups, will perform two physical exercises programs of resistance training with elastic bands, one focused on the upper and one on the lower body. They will be carried 2 days per week, during 3 months in 45-minute sessions. The program will consist of 5 exercises, with a volume of 4 sets of 12 repetitions, with 2-minute breaks between sets and 3 between exercises. Control group will participate in 40 minutes stretching sessions, 3 times per week. After 3 months of exercise and after three months of transition, they experimental groups will perform the other program for another 3 months, crossing the interventions.
  • Assessments: Six will be carried: At the beginning, at the end of the first intervention, at the beginning of the second one, at the end and a follow up 3 months later. In each, it will be assessed the potential cognitive impairment and cognitive status (Spanish version of the MMSE, Fototest and Trail Making Test part A), functional independence (Timed Up and Go Test), grip strength (hand dynamometer), lower body strength (30 Seconds Chair Stands) and flexibility/mobility (Chair Sit-and-Reach and Back Scratch Test.)

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

79

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Spain
    • Galicia
      • Vigo, Galicia, Spain, 362014
        • DomusVi Barreiro

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

60 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • No medical contraindications to be involved in the exercise programs.
  • To be able to follow the exercise classes
  • Signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

-

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Upper-limb-focused resistance training
Other: Physical exercise
Three physical exercise programs, two of resistance training with elastic bands and one of stretching exercises, all performed in a sitting position.
Experimental: Lower-limb-focused resistance training
Lower-limb-focused resistance training with elastic bands.
Other: Physical exercise
Three physical exercise programs, two of resistance training with elastic bands and one of stretching exercises, all performed in a sitting position.
Active Comparator: Stretching exercise
Stretching exercise program in a sitting position.
Other: Physical exercise
Three physical exercise programs, two of resistance training with elastic bands and one of stretching exercises, all performed in a sitting position.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination.
Time Frame: 24 weeks
The Mini-Mental State Examination is a 30-point questionnaire comprised by eight different categories and score range. Orientation to time (0-5 points) Orientation to place (0-5 points) Registration (0-3 points) Attention and calculation (0-5 points) Recall (0-3 points) Language (0-2 points) Repetition (0-1 points) Complex commands (0-6 points). Interpretation: Any score greater than or equal to 24 points (out of 30) indicates a normal cognition. ≤9 points: severe cognitive impairment 10-18 points: moderate cognitive impairment and 19-23 points: mild cognitive impairment.
24 weeks
Test of the pictures
Time Frame: 24 weeks
The test of the pictures (Fototest in the Spanish version) is used to assess the short and long-term memory, the verbal fluency and denomination capacities. The test is well correlated with the Mini-mental State Examination and it's reference values are situated in 34.4±4.4.
24 weeks
Trail Making Test part A.
Time Frame: 24 weeks
The Trail Making Test part A. The time required by an individual to draw lines sequentially connecting 25 encircled numbers distributed on a sheet of paper is measured.
24 weeks
Timed Up and Go Test
Time Frame: 24 weeks
Standardized test to assess the basic functional mobility of elderly persons. The patient is observed and timed while he rises from an arm chair, walks 3 meters, turns, walks back, and sits down again.
24 weeks
Grip Strength
Time Frame: 24 weeks
Assessed by means of a hand-held dynamometer, Grip Strength: By means of a hand-held dynamometer, this assessment has been stated as a predictor of frailty and mortality.
24 weeks
Chair Sit and Reach
Time Frame: 24 weeks
Present in the Senior Fitness Test, to assess the mobility/flexibility of the lower back and limbs.
24 weeks
Back Scratch Test
Time Frame: 24 weeks
Present in the Senior Fitness Test, this evaluates the joint mobility of the shoulders.
24 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Vigo

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

February 21, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

March 21, 2019

Study Completion (Actual)

March 21, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

October 9, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 4, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

February 5, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 17, 2019

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 16, 2019

Last Verified

April 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 16-1009-17

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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