- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT03886376
Systematic Massage on Swimming Athletes Performance
February 19, 2021 updated by: Flávia Carvalho, São Paulo State University
Effects of Systematic Massage Application on Swimming Athletes Performance: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
Swimming is a sport that includes different styles and distances, which can expose the athlete to different stressors that can affect performance and generate conditions such as overtraining.
This is due to the lack of integration of systematic recovery periods during training programs.
A very used recuperative feature in swimming is massage.
Recent studies have shown that the application of short duration is sufficient to obtain the desired effects and it is possible that its application systematized over a period of time may have greater effects on performance.
The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of deep and superficial massage on clinical, functional and performance issues; to identify its short-term effects on clinical and functional variables and to investigate the association between training load and the swimmer's perceptions.
Study Overview
Status
Completed
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
The study was composed by a convenience sample of 19 male and female athletes aged between 12 and 20 years old who train regularly (six days a week) and are members of the Prudentina Athletic Sports Association (APEA) swimming team.
The research project was accepted by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Science and Technology of the Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - FCT / UNESP.
A single-blinded crossover randomized controlled trial with 1:1:1 allocation.
The sample was submitted to a balanced-block randomization, by sorting on Excel, with a balanced sex, age and competitive level ratio, to three sequences of interventions containing: (i) control, (ii) superficial massage and iii) deep massage.
The study was conducted over a period of eight weeks, consisting of five sessions of resistance and swimming training.
The option for intervention time point was based on a pilot study that yielded higher training loads on on Mondays, Tuesdays and Fridays and worse perceptions between both training stimuli (resistance and swimming).
At the end of each training week, participants were subjected to a maximum test of 100-m front crawl sprint in a semi-olympic indoor pool (25 meters), then we performed a functional evaluation.
Training load was monitored over the entire trial by the Session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE) calculated by the product of the training duration and perception of effort.
Effects of single massage on perceptive outcomes were analyzed by generalized estimating equations (GEE) with ordinal distribution and cumulative logit link function, using intervention group, training time-points and day of intervention as predictors in the model.
The first category (nothing) was used as reference unless otherwise stated.
Effects of repeated massage on proprioception was analyzed by GEE and remaining outcomes were analyzed by Generalized Linear Mixed Model, both with Gamma distribution and cumulative logit link function.
Bonferroni adjustments were used for all significant main effect.
Pearson's test was used to explore the correlation between training load and performance and interpreted as small (0.00-0.25), fair (0.26-0.50), moderate to good (0.51-0.75) and excellent (>0.75).
Study Type
Interventional
Enrollment (Actual)
19
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.
Study Locations
-
-
São Paulo
-
Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil, 19060-900
- Sao Paulo State University
-
-
Participation Criteria
Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
12 years to 20 years (ADULT, CHILD)
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Genders Eligible for Study
All
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- regular members of the Prudentina Association of Athletic Sports (APEA)
- between 12 and 20 years old
Exclusion Criteria:
- not attending the evaluation session
Study Plan
This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: OTHER
- Allocation: RANDOMIZED
- Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
- Masking: DOUBLE
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
EXPERIMENTAL: Deep Massage
The deep massage was performed three times during a training week, after a physical training and before the swimming training
|
The deep massage group received 12 minutes of massage on the legs, arms and the back with three different sliding pressures.
|
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Superficial Massage
The superficial massage was performed three times during a training week, after a physical training and before the swimming training
|
The superficial massage group received 12 minutes of only one sliding pressure performed on the legs, arms and the back.
|
NO_INTERVENTION: Control
The control group kept their normal routine of training.
Immediately after the physical training the athletes were instructed to wait for 12 minutes (passive recovery) until the beginning of the swim training.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Adjusted Performance
Time Frame: up to 1 week
|
Technical index (FINA points)
|
up to 1 week
|
Performance
Time Frame: up to 1 week
|
Sprint time (s)
|
up to 1 week
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Inferior limb power
Time Frame: up to 1 week
|
Squat jump test (cm)
|
up to 1 week
|
Superior limb power
Time Frame: up to 1 week
|
Bench press test (m/s)
|
up to 1 week
|
Flexibility
Time Frame: up to 1 week
|
Tested by hip flexion measured by the centimeters reached on the Wells bench
|
up to 1 week
|
Proprioception
Time Frame: up to 1 week
|
Laser-pointer assisted angle reproduction test for 55°, 90° and 125° of shoulder flexion
|
up to 1 week
|
Perceptions
Time Frame: up to 1 week
|
Swimmer's Perception of Effort Questionnaire (SPEQ) composed of 5 perceptions (well-being, heaviness, tiredness, discomfort, pain) rated by a 1-5 likert scale where 1=nothing; 2= a little; 3=moderate; 4=a lot; 5=extremely.
For well-being higher values indicate better outcomes while for the remaining perceptions higher values indicate worse outcomes
|
up to 1 week
|
Swimming velocity
Time Frame: up to 1 week
|
Swimming velocity (SV) is derived from the central 10m of the pool and the time to swim this distance (t), calculated by the formula SV=10/t.
|
up to 1 week
|
Stroke frequency
Time Frame: up to 1 week
|
Stroke frequency (SF) is derived from the number os strokes (n) and the time to swim the central 10m of the pool (t), calculated by the formula SF=n/t.
|
up to 1 week
|
Distance per stroke
Time Frame: up to 1 week
|
Distance per stroke (DPS) is derived from the swimming velocity and swimming frequency, calculated by the formula DPS=SV/SF.
|
up to 1 week
|
Stroke index
Time Frame: up to 1 week
|
Stroke index (SI) is derived from the swimming velocity and the distance per stroke, calculate from the formula SI=SV*DPS.
|
up to 1 week
|
Collaborators and Investigators
This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.
Sponsor
Collaborators
Investigators
- Study Director: Carlos M Pastre, doctor, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
Study record dates
These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.
Study Major Dates
Study Start (ACTUAL)
March 25, 2019
Primary Completion (ACTUAL)
May 18, 2019
Study Completion (ACTUAL)
May 18, 2019
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
March 19, 2019
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
March 20, 2019
First Posted (ACTUAL)
March 22, 2019
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)
February 23, 2021
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
February 19, 2021
Last Verified
February 1, 2021
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Other Study ID Numbers
- 2018/09680-8
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
NO
IPD Plan Description
The individual participant data will not be shared because they belong to a competitive team and most of the participants have less than 18 years old
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
No
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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