Evaluation of the Precision and Sensitivity of Tilmanocept Uptake Value (TUV) on Tc 99m Tilmanocept Planar Imaging

This clinical trial will look at scans of the hands and wrists taken from healthy control subjects (HCs) and from subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Before each scan, subjects will be given an injection of Tc 99m tilmanocept to help the scan identify inflammation in the hand and wrist joints, which can be a part of the RA disease. Data from the scans will be used to calculate a number referred to as tilmanocept uptake value (or TUV) that is a measure of how much Tc 99m tilmanocept has located in the joints. The questions this trial aims to answer are:

• How consistent are the scan results (TUVs) when the scans are repeated over time?
• What are normal TUVs in healthy people? This will help define abnormally high values in people with RA.
• Are TUVs calculated early after a person starts a new drug to treat RA able to predict whether that person will have a good response to the drug later on (after it has had time to take full effect several weeks later)?

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Tc 99m tilmanocept

Detailed Description

This trial is a prospective, open-label, multicenter, single and repeated-dose study designed to evaluate the reliability and sensitivity of TUV assessments in healthy control subjects and subjects with active RA.

This study is stratified into 3 arms. The first 2 arms, consisting of [1] disease-free HCs and [2] clinically diagnosed RA subjects on stable treatment, respectively, are designed to evaluate the image re-image and/or test re-test (i.e., repeated dose) consistency of joint-specific and global TUVs across a variety of image acquisition intervals.

The third arm consists of clinically-diagnosed subjects with active RA who are candidates for initiation of, or change to, a new anti-TNFα bDMARD therapy. This arm is designed to assess the efficacy of TUVglobal as an early predictor of response to the new anti-TNFα bDMARD therapy.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 116
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Arizona
    • Scottsdale, Arizona, United States, 85258
      • Imaging Endpoints
  • California
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90036
      • Axis Clinical Trials
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94110
      • University of California San Francisco
  • Florida
    • Palmetto Bay, Florida, United States, 33157
      • Innovation Medical Research Center
  • Nebraska
    • Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68516
      • Physician Research Collaboration
  • Ohio
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106
      • University Hospitals
    • Kettering, Ohio, United States, 45429
      • Kettering Medical Center
  • Oklahoma
    • Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, 74136
      • Central States Research
  • Pennsylvania
    • Duncansville, Pennsylvania, United States, 16635
      • Altoona Center for Clinical Research
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
      • University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

ALL SUBJECTS:

1. The subject has provided written informed consent with HIPAA (Health Information Portability and Accountability Act) authorization before the initiation of any study-related procedures.

2. ARMS 1 and 2 (only): The subject has agreed to not engage in any diet, lifestyle, or medication changes until study completion.

   HEALTHY CONTROL SUBJECTS

3. The subject is between 18 and 80 years of age at the time of consent.
4. The subject is deemed to be clinically free of any inflammatory disease(s) and has not experienced joint pain for at least 28 days prior to the consent date.
5. The subject is not currently on anti-inflammatory drugs (including NSAIDs) and has not taken anti-inflammatories for at least 28 days prior to the consent date.
6. For all ongoing concomitant medications, the subject has maintained a stable dose for at least 28 days prior to the consent date.

CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED ACTIVE RA SUBJECTS:

3. The subject is at least 18 years of age and was ≥ 18 years of age at the time of RA diagnosis.

4. The subject has moderate to severe RA as determined by the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) Classification Criteria (score of ≥ 6/10).

5. The subject has a 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28) of ≥ 3.2 (includes the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate [ESR] test and Visual Analog Scale [VAS]).

6. Subjects receiving traditional DMARDs must have been on therapy for ≥ 90 days and at a stable dose for ≥ 30 days prior to the first imaging visit (Day 0).

7. If the subject is receiving bDMARD or janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor therapy, they have been at a stable dose > 180 days prior to the first imaging visit (Day 0).

8. If the subject is receiving NSAIDs or oral corticosteroids, the dose has been stable for > 28 days prior to first imaging visit (Day 1). The corticosteroid dose must be ≤ 10 mg/day of prednisone or an equivalent steroid dose.

9. ARM 3 (only): The subject is receiving anti-rheumatic treatment and is a candidate for initiation of, or change to, a new anti-TNFα bDMARD treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. The subject is pregnant or lactating.
2. The subject size or weight is not compatible with imaging per the investigator.
3. The subject has had or is currently receiving radiation therapy or chemotherapy.
4. The subject has renal insufficiency as demonstrated by a glomerular filtration rate of < 60 mL/min.
5. The subject has hepatic insufficiency as demonstrated by ALT (alanine aminotransferase [SGPT]) or AST (aspartate aminotransferase [SGOT]) greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal.
6. The subject has any severe, acute, or chronic medical conditions and/or psychiatric conditions and/or laboratory abnormalities that would impart, in the judgment of the investigator, excess risk associated with study participation or study drug administration that would deem the subject inappropriate for study participation.
7. The subject has a known allergy to or has had an adverse reaction to dextran exposure.
8. The subject has received an investigational product within 30 days prior to the Tc 99m tilmanocept administration.
9. The subject has received intra-articular corticosteroid injections ≤ 8 weeks prior to the first imaging visit (Day 0).
10. The subject has received any radiopharmaceutical within 7 days or 10 half-lives prior to the administration of Tc 99m tilmanocept.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Subjects free of inflammatory disease; Arm 1 includes inflammatory-disease-free HCs. Arm 1 was designed to evaluate image/re-image consistency (repeatability and stability) of joint-specific and global TUVs across a variety of image acquisition intervals and to collect normative HC data.	Drug: Tc 99m tilmanocept; Tilmanocept is a radiotracer that accumulates in macrophages by binding to a mannose binding receptor that resides on the surface.; Other Names: Lymphoseek
Experimental: RA subjects on stable therapy; Arm 2 includes clinically-diagnosed RA subjects on stable treatment. Arm 2 was designed to evaluate image/re-image and test re-test (i.e., repeated dose) consistency of joint-specific and global TUVs across a variety of image acquisition intervals.	Drug: Tc 99m tilmanocept; Tilmanocept is a radiotracer that accumulates in macrophages by binding to a mannose binding receptor that resides on the surface.; Other Names: Lymphoseek
Experimental: RA subjects who are candidates for initiation of a new anti-TNFα therapy; Arm 3 includes clinically-diagnosed RA subjects on stable treatment who are candidates for initiation of, or change to, new anti-TNFα therapy. Arm 3 was designed to assess the efficacy of global TUVs, obtained before and after initiation of a new anti-TNFα therapy, to predict future clinical responsiveness to the new therapy.	Drug: Tc 99m tilmanocept; Tilmanocept is a radiotracer that accumulates in macrophages by binding to a mannose binding receptor that resides on the surface.; Other Names: Lymphoseek

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Arms 1 & 2: Assess Camera-specific Precision of TUV	The camera-specific precision of TUVjoint in subjects with active RA and Healthy Controls (HCs), which is described as the Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD) between the 15-minute planar images (referred to as A and B images at 60 and 180 minutes). The RMSD is calculated as the square root of the mean squared deviation from zero.	Day 0 tilmanocept injection followed by imaging at 60 minutes (60A) and 75 minutes (60B) and at 180 minutes (180A) and 195 minutes (180B).
Arms 1 and 2: Stability of the Mean/Variance Relationship	The stability of the mean/variance relationship, which is assessed by comparing the Coefficient of Variation (CV) of TUVjoint and TUVglobal in subjects with active RA and in healthy control subjects at 60 and 180 minutes.	Day 0 tilmanocept injection followed by imaging at 60 minutes and 180 minutes.
Arm 3: Correlation of ΔTUVglobal[5w] and Response to Therapy	The Kendall rank correlation of the change in global TUV from baseline to 5 weeks (ΔTUVglobal[5w]) and response to new anti-TNFα bDMARD therapy defined by the change from baseline of CDAI to 12 ± 1 weeks and 24 ± 1 weeks (ΔCDAI12w and ΔCDAI24w).• The Kendall rank correlation of ΔTUVglobal[5w] and response to new anti-TNFα bDMARD therapy from baseline to 12 ± 1 weeks and 24 ± 1 weeks defined by ACR Response Criteria (ΔACR12w and ΔACR24w)	Imaging (60 minutes after tilmanocept injection) on Day 0 and at 5 weeks after new therapy initiation; Assessment of CDAI and ACR Response Criteria at 12 and 24 weeks after new therapy initiation.
Longitudinal (8-day) Variation of TUV	Longitudinal (8-day) variation of TUV analyzed for each DAS28 joint, defined as the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and 95% confidence interval for the RMSD for each joint at Day 0 vs Day 8	Imaging (60 minutes after tilmanocept injection) on Day 0 and Day 8

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Arm 1 Normal Ranges of TUVjoint	The normal range of tilmanocept uptake values (TUVs) in hand and wrist joints of healthy control subjects, expressed as the mean and standard deviation. TUV is defined as the average pixel intensity of the region of interest (hand or wrist joint) divided by the average pixel intensity of the reference region (includes the region from one wrist region of interest diameter above the wrist region of interest down to the fingertips)	Images obtained 60 minutes after tilmanocept injection on Day 0.
Qualitative Evaluations of SPECT/CT as an Indication of Bone Involvement Rather Than Localization Within the Synovial Space in the Hands and Wrists of Arm 2 Subjects	Percent of Arm 2 subjects who had SPECT/CT scans who were determined to have bone involvement rather than localization within the synovial space of the hands and wrists	A SPECT/CT scan was performed at approximately 210 minutes after the tilmanocept injection on Day 8 of the trial.
Arm 3 (Correlation of TUVglobal[Baseline] and Response to Therapy)	The correlation of the TUVglobal[baseline] and response to new anti-TNFα bDMARD therapy defined by the change from baseline (CFB) of CDAI to 12 ± 1 weeks and 24 ± 1 weeks (ΔCDAI12w and ΔCDAI24w, respectively) and by ACR Response Criteria (ACR12w and ACR24w, respectively).	Images were obtained 60 minutes after tilmanocept injection on Day 0. New anti-TNFα therapy was initiated after completion of Day 0 procedures. CDAI and ACR were assessed on Day 0 and again 12 and 24 weeks after initiation of new anti-TNFα therapy.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Navidea Biopharmaceuticals
• Investigators: Study Director: Michael Blue, MD, Navidea Biopharmaceuticals

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 8, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 8, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): June 30, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 24, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 2, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): May 6, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 24, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 22, 2023
• Last Verified: August 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: imaging; diagnostic; RA; healthy control; tilmanocept
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Immune System Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Rheumatic Diseases; Connective Tissue Diseases; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
• Other Study ID Numbers: NAV3-31

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No