Single-dose PK Study of Ceftazidime-Avibactam In Hospitalized Children Receiving Systemic Antibiotics for Nosocomial Pneumonia

A PHASE 1, OPEN-LABEL, SINGLE-DOSE STUDY TO ASSESS THE PHARMACOKINETICS, SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF CEFTAZIDIME-AVIBACTAM (CAZ-AVI) IN CHILDREN FROM 3 MONTHS TO LESS THAN 18 YEARS OF AGE WHO ARE HOSPITALIZED AND RECEIVING SYSTEMIC ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY FOR SUSPECTED OR CONFIRMED NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA, INCLUDING VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA

This is a multicenter, multinational, open label single dose pharmacokinetic (PK) study enrolling at least 32 subjects. The study aims to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single intravenous dose of CAZ AVI in pediatric subjects aged 3 months to less than 18 years who are receiving systemic antibiotic therapy for suspected or confirmed nosocomial pneumonia, including ventilator associated pneumonia.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Hospitalized Children With Suspected or Confirmed Nosocomial Pneumonia
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Ceftazidime-avibactam

Detailed Description

This is a multicenter, multinational, open label single dose pharmacokinetic (PK) study enrolling at least 32 subjects. The study aims to characterize the PK of CAZ AVI and assess its safety and tolerability following a single intravenous (IV) infusion. Subjects will be hospitalized pediatric patients who are receiving systemic antibiotic therapy for suspected or confirmed nosocomial pneumonia (NP), including ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). The study will consist of a Screening visit (Visit 1, Day 1), during which consent will be obtained and subject eligibility will be confirmed, a Baseline/Treatment visit (Visit 2, Day 1) during which subjects will receive a single IV infusion of CAZ AVI, and then two follow up assessment visits at 24 hours (Visit 3, Day 2) and 48 hours (Visit 4, Day 3). Blood samples for PK analyses (0.5 mL per sample) will be obtained over 22 hours for Cohort 1 (7 samples), over 13 hours for Cohort 2 (6 samples), and over 6 hours for Cohorts 3 and 4 (4 samples). Additionally, for subjects who are undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for clinical purposes and for whom informed consent is obtained specifically for BAL, an epithelial lining fluid (ELF) sample will be collected for estimation of CAZ AVI concentrations.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 4
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Jiangsu
    • Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, 214023
      • Wuxi Children's Hospital
  • Sichuan
    • Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610091
      • Chengdu Women's and Children's central hospital
• Taiwan
  • Taipei, Taiwan, 116
    • Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital
  • Taoyuan City, Taiwan, 333
    • Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 3 months to 17 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Subjects must meet all of the following inclusion criteria to be eligible for enrollment into the study:

1. Evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent document indicating that the subject's parent(s), legal guardian, or legally acceptable representative has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study. As appropriate per local requirements informed assent of subjects must also be documented.
2. Willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other study procedures.

3. Male or female children age ≥3 months to <18 years at Screening:

   1. Cohort 1: age 12 years to <18 years;
   2. Cohort 2: age 6 years to <12 years;
   3. Cohort 3: age 2 years to <6 years;
   4. Cohort 4: age 3 months to <2 years (must be born ≥37 weeks gestational age).

4. Hospitalized, receiving systemic antibiotic therapy for the treatment of a suspected or confirmed HAP or VAP meeting the following criteria, and expected to require hospitalization until after the follow up evaluations are completed on Day 3 (48 hours after the end of infusion):

   1. Onset of symptoms ≥48 hours after admission or <7 days after discharge from an inpatient acute or chronic care facility;
   2. New or worsening infiltrate on chest X ray;
   3. At least 1 of the following systemic signs prior to the initiation of treatment for Nosocomial Pneumonia:

   i. Fever (temperature >38°C) or hypothermia (rectal/core temperature <35°C); ii. White blood cell (WBC) count >10,000 cells/mm3, or WBC count <4,500 cells/mm3, or >15% band forms.

   d. At least 2 of the following respiratory signs or symptoms: i. A new onset of cough (or worsening of cough). ii. Production of purulent sputum or endotracheal secretions. iii. Auscultatory findings consistent with pneumonia/pulmonary consolidation (eg, rales, rhonchi, bronchial breath sounds, dullness to percussion, egophony).

   iv. Dyspnea, tachypnea or hypoxemia (O2 saturation <90% or PaO2 <60 mmHg while breathing room air).

   v. A need for mechanical ventilation or, for already ventilated subjects, acute changes made in the ventilator support system to enhance oxygenation, as determined by, for example arterial blood gas or worsening PaO2/FiO2.

5. Likely to survive the current illness or hospitalization.
6. Sufficient IV access (peripheral or central) to receive study drug and dedicated access for PK sampling.

Exclusion Criteria:

Subjects with any of the following characteristics/conditions will not be included in the study:

1. Investigator site staff members directly involved in the conduct of the study and their family members, site staff members otherwise supervised by the Investigator, or subjects who are Pfizer employees, including their family members, directly involved in the conduct of the study.
2. Participation in other studies involving investigational drug(s) within 30 days prior to study entry and/or during study participation.
3. Other acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition including recent (within the past year) or active suicidal ideation or behavior or laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or investigational product administration or may interfere with the interpretation of study results and, in the judgment of the Investigator, would make the subject inappropriate for entry into this study.
4. Past or current history of epilepsy or seizure disorder (excluding childhood febrile seizures.
5. Severe renal impairment defined as creatinine clearance (CrCL) ≤30 mL/min/1.73 m2 calculated using the child's measured height (length) and serum creatinine with the Bedside Schwartz equation (Schwartz, Munoz, et al., 2009):3 CrCL (mL/min/1.73 m2) =
6. Documented history of any hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to any β lactam antibiotic.
7. Pregnant female subjects; breastfeeding female subjects; fertile male subjects and female subjects of childbearing potential who are unwilling or unable to use a highly effective method of contraception as outlined in this protocol for the duration of the study and for at least 28 days after the last dose of CAZ AVI.

8. Acute hepatitis in the prior 6 months, a prior history of cirrhosis, acute hepatic failure, or acute decompensation of chronic hepatic failure; and/or any of the following blood test results, for any individual, when assessed for eligibility:

   1. Bilirubin >3 × upper limit of normal (ULN), unless isolated hyperbilirubinemia is directly related to the acute infection or due to known Gilbert's disease;
   2. ALT or AST >3 × ULN values used by the laboratory performing the test. Subjects with values >3 × ULN and <5 × ULN are eligible if this value is acute and directly related to the infectious process being treated. This must be documented;
   3. ALP >3 × ULN. Subjects with values >3 × ULN and <5 × ULN are eligible if this value is acute and directly related to the infectious process being treated. This must be documented.
9. Any condition (eg, septic shock, burns, cystic fibrosis, acute hemodynamic instability, including those conditions not responding to pressor support) that would make the patient, in the opinion of the Investigator, unsuitable for the study (eg, would place a patient at risk; compromise the quality of the data; or interfere with the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of CAZ AVI).
10. Receipt of a blood or blood component or scheduled for transfusion within the PK sampling period (eg, red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets) transfusion during the 24 hour period before enrollment.
11. Body mass index (BMI) below the 5th percentile or above the 95th percentile for height, age, and weight except for children <2 years of age as BMI is not considered a screening tool for healthy weight in children under 2 years of age.
12. Treatment with ceftazidime within 12 hours of CAZ AVI administration or treatment with ceftazidime within 24 hours of CAZ AVI administration in subjects with renal impairment (CrCL ≤50 mL/min/1.73 m2).
13. Treatment with potent inhibitors of OAT1 and/or OAT3 (eg, probenecid, p aminohippuric acid (PAH), or teriflunomide).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Ceftazidime-avibactam; This arm includes 4 cohorts	Drug: Ceftazidime-avibactam; Single intravenous infusion of ceftazidime-avibactam over 2 hours. Dosage will vary depending upon age, weight and renal function.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Plasma Concentration Time Summary for Ceftazidime and Avibactam		Day 1: 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 24 hours post dose
Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Profile From Time 0 to 8 Hours (AUC0-8 Hours)		Day 1: 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8 hours post dose
Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Extrapolated Infinite Time of CAZ-AVI (AUCinf)	AUCinf = AUClast + (Clast*/ kel), where Clast* is the estimated concentration at the time of the last quantifiable concentration and kel is the terminal phase rate constant calculated by a linear regression of the log-linear concentration-time curve.	Day 1: 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 24 hours post dose
Area Under the Concentration-Time Profile From Time 0 to Time to Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUClast) of CAZ-AVI		Day 1: 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 24 hours post dose
Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CAZ-AVI		Day 1: 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 24 hours post dose
Time to Last Quantifiable Plasma Concentration (Tlast) of CAZ-AVI		Day 1: 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 24 hours post dose
Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CAZ-AVI		Day 1: 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 24 hours post dose
Termination Elimination Half-Life (t1/2) of CAZ-AVI		Day 1: 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 24 hours post dose
Clearance (CL) of CAZ-AVI	Drug clearance is a quantitative measure of the rate at which a drug substance is removed from the blood (rate at which a drug is metabolized or eliminated by normal biological processes). Clearance obtained after intravenous infusion dose (apparent clearance) is influenced by the fraction of the dose absorbed. CL = Dose/AUCinf.	Day 1: 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 24 hours post dose
Volume of Distribution of CAZ-AVI	Volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) = Clearance (CL) × Mean Residence Time (MRT), MRT = Area under the first moment curve from 0 time to infinity (AUMCinf)/AUCinf - (infusion time/2), AUMCinf = AUMClast + (t × Cest1*/kel) +(Cest1*/kel2), 1Cest = e(-KEL × Tlast) × KELC0 , where C0 is the back-extrapolated concentration at time zero.	Day 1: 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 24 hours post dose
Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase (Vz) of CAZ-AVI	Vz = Dose/(AUCinf × kel).	Day 1: 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 24 hours post dose

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)	An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly.	Day 1 up to maximum of 35 days after last dose of study treatment (maximum of 36 days)
Number of Participants With Death and Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events (AEs)	An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship.	Day 1 up to maximum of 35 days after last dose of study treatment (maximum of 36 days)
Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values	Following parameters were analyzed for laboratory examination: Clinical Chemistry-sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glucose-non fasting, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, indirect bilirubin, total bilirubin; Hematology- hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils immature, platelets, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, β- human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) pregnancy test (blood or urine) for females; Urinalysis- appearance (color, clarity), bilirubin, glucose, ketones leukocyte esterase, nitrite, pH, protein, specific gravity, urobilinogen, microscopic (RBC, WBC, casts, crystals, bacteria, yeast, parasites).	Baseline up to Day 3
Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Physical Examination Abnormalities	Parameters assessed for physical examination included: body weight and height. Abnormality was judged by investigator.	Baseline up to Day 3

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Pfizer
• Collaborators: AbbVie

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• To obtain contact information for a study center near you, click here.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 15, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 9, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): May 7, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 26, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 30, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): August 1, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 9, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 25, 2022
• Last Verified: March 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: nosocomial pneumonia, NP
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Lung Diseases; Disease Attributes; Cross Infection; Iatrogenic Disease; Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia; Pneumonia; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; Avibactam; Ceftazidime; Avibactam, ceftazidime drug combination
• Other Study ID Numbers: C3591025; 2018-002841-12 (EudraCT Number); EMBA (Other Identifier: Alias Study Number)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No
• IPD Plan Description: Pfizer will provide access to individual de-identified participant data and related study documents (e.g. protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP), Clinical Study Report (CSR)) upon request from qualified researchers, and subject to certain criteria, conditions, and exceptions. Further details on Pfizer's data sharing criteria and process for requesting access can be found at: https://www.pfizer.com/science/clinical_trials/trial_data_and_results/data_requests.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No