Everolimus Monotherapy as Immunosuppression After Liver Transplant

Protection of Renal Function After Liver Transplant Using Everolimus Monotherapy as the Immunosuppression Regimen

Tacrolimus is the standard immunosuppressive drug used to prevent organ rejection post liver transplant. One side effect of Tacrolimus is nephrotoxicity. Everolimus does not have the nephrotoxicity side effects of Tacrolimus.

Replacement of Tacrolimus by Everolimus may have a reduced incidence of renal dysfunction in liver transplant patients who have near normal kidney function prior to liver transplantation. Other investigators have already shown a benefit in terms of renal function with introduction of Everolimus with reduced-exposure tacrolimus at 1 month after liver transplantation, this benefit has been shown was maintained to 3 years in patients who continued Everolimus therapy with comparable efficacy and no late safety concerns. Investigators in this trial are proposing to advance this approach further by completely eliminating Tacrolimus from patients' immunosuppression protocol. The rationale for this approach is based on a unique induction immunosuppression protocol.

Liver transplant patients receive potent induction immunosuppression in the form of rabbit anti thymocyte globulin.

Investigators believe that in conjunction with this induction regimen, patients can be maintained on Everolimus monotherapy without the risk of rejection. By completely eliminating Tacrolimus, investigators believe that there may be further benefit in terms of renal function. Additionally, Everolimus is known to induce tolerance in transplant recipients. Tolerant patients do not require immunosuppression to accept transplant organs.

The long-term efficacy and safety of Everolimus monotherapy as the maintenance immunosuppression in patients receiving rATG induction is unknown.

Primary Aim: Assess the effect of Everolimus monotherapy versus Tacrolimus monotherapy on long term renal function measured by Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Kidney Failure
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Tacrolimus; Drug: Everolimus

Detailed Description

Following enrollment, subjects will be randomized at one month post transplant to Tacrolimus (control) or to Everolimus (study) as maintenance immunosuppression.

After liver transplant, all patients will receive the standard induction regimen and Tacrolimus monotherapy.

INDUCTION:

Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) 1.5 mg/kg of actual body weight rounded to nearest 25 mg and capped at 150 mg for up to three doses given IV on post-operative day (POD) 1, 3, and 5. Some patients may receive only one dose if considered too frail to need all three doses.

30 minutes prior to infusion, pre-medicate with the following: Daily steroid dose Acetaminophen (Tylenol®) 650 mg PO or per nasogastric (NG) x 1 dose Diphenhydramine (Benadryl®) 25 mg IV push x 1 dose

Steroids:

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol®) 250 mg IV push x 1 dose on POD 1 (given 30 minutes prior to rATG) and 125 mg IV push x 1 dose on POD 3.

Maintenance:

Tacrolimus (FK / Prograf®) (titrated to a goal trough of 6 - 8 ng/mL).

RANDOMIZATION:

On POD 30, patients meeting study criteria will be randomized to either the study arm or control arm. Patients randomized to the study arm will be converted to Everolimus (target trough levels 4 - 8 ng/mL) + low dose Tacrolimus (target trough levels 3-5 ng/mL) (study arm). The control arm will be maintained on the Tacrolimus monotherapy (target trough levels 6-8 ng/mL).

At 3 months, patients in the study arm will be gradually weaned off of Tacrolimus over a period of one month to remain on Everolimus monotherapy (target trough levels 4-8 ng/mL). Patients in the control arm will remain on tacrolimus monotherapy (target trough levels 6-8 ng/mL).

Complete blood counts, liver function panels, and drug levels will be monitored as done Standard of Care [SOC]:

initially twice per week for first month, once per week for next two months, once every other week for next three weeks, and then once monthly. Ultrasound, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), biopsy as needed by clinical situation as SOC.

For characterizing operational tolerance in these patients, investigators will use a 13#gene set to predict liver transplant tolerance has been identified and validated by others.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 14
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Indiana
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202
      • IU Health University Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Liver transplant recipients >= 18 years old
• Normal baseline renal dysfunction (GFR > 60 mL/min)
• Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) induction (cumulative dose 1.5 - 5 mg/kg)
• Indication for transplant: ethanol, hepatitis C, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or any combination of these

Exclusion Criteria:

• Increased risk of rejection: autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, positive crossmatch, retransplantation
• Incompletely healed incision or other wound healing issues at time of randomization
• Multiple or previous organ transplantation
• Severe, uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia (> 9mmol/L) or hypertriglyceridemia (>8.5 mmol/L) in the 6 months prior to transplantation
• Insurance company unwilling to pay for the cost of the everolimus or patient does not qualify for the Novartis Patient Assistance Program.
• Pregnant women
• Unable to provide informed consent

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Control Arm; Tacrolimus as maintenance immunosuppression	Drug: Tacrolimus; Tacrolimus (FK / Prograf) titrated to a goal trough of 6 - 8 ng/ml; Other Names: Prograf
Experimental: Study Arm; Everolimus monotherapy maintenance immunosuppression	Drug: Everolimus; Everolimus monotherapy - target trough levels 4 - 8 ng/ml as maintenance immunosuppression; Other Names: Zortress

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Long-Term Renal Function With Tacrolimus Monotherapy	Glomerular Filtration Rate	36 months post-transplant
Long-Term Renal Function With Everolimus Monotherapy	Glomerular Filtration Rate	36 months post-transplant

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Indiana University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Chandrashekhar Kubal, MD, Indiana University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 9, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 2, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): July 2, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 19, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 19, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): August 21, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 23, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 28, 2023
• Last Verified: April 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Kidney Diseases; Urologic Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Urogenital Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases; Renal Insufficiency; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Calcineurin Inhibitors; MTOR Inhibitors; Tacrolimus; Everolimus
• Other Study ID Numbers: 1807401376

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes