- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04296656
Mothers' Parenting Satisfaction and Parenting Self-efficacy: An Evaluation of a Infant Calming Method
Mothers' Parenting Satisfaction and Parenting Self-efficacy During the Postpartum Period: An Evaluation of a Infant Calming Method
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
This is a randomized controlled follow-up parallel trial that compares PSE and PS in an intervention and control group. The data was collected during March 1st to May 20th, 2019 from three postpartum wards. The mothers were recruited by midwives on the wards after childbirth. The baseline sample size was 250 mothers, which is based on a conducted power analysis. The sample size calculation was based on previous study, from which the standard deviation (0.81) for change in parental satisfaction was calculated. Baseline data were collected before randomization in the hospital. Follow-up data were collected six to eight weeks postpartum at home.
The instruments to assess the study outcomes were the parenting self-efficacy (PSE) scale developed and validated by Salonen et al. and parenting satisfaction (PS) scale, the evaluation subscale of the questionnaire "What Being the Parent of a New Baby is Like" by Pridham & Chang, 1989.
Data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software for Windows, release 25. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, percentages, means and medians. Total scores for the PSE instrument and WBPL-R evaluation subscale (PS) were calculated by summing the scores for all items and dividing the sum by the number of items. Higher scores indicated better outcomes. Comparisons between groups were made of mother characteristics, PSE and PS. Due to skewed distributions, non-parametric tests were used. Mann-Whitney U tests were used for two group comparisons, and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for three or more group comparisons.
Results have not yet been reported.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
Pirkanmaa
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Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland, 33520
- Tampere University hospital
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Child
- Adult
- Older Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Primiparous mothers
- Multiparous mothers
- Mothers of healthy infants rooming in (with mother)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Mothers with infants who were treated on another ward during data collection
- Mothers with multiple infants
- Mothers with inability to understand Finnish
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Other
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Active Comparator: Intervention group
Mothers in the intervention group were taught the infant calming technique 5 S's, a part of The Happiest Baby (THB) method. THB is based on the theory that infants have an innate "calming reflex" that can soothe infant fussing, excessive crying and prolong sleep. This reflex is triggered by five activities that mimic the sensory milieu of the womb. The 5 S's include swaddling, side position, sound (white noise), swing and suck. The intervention consisted of a 20-minute face-to-face guidance session with the researcher, executed individually in the mother's hospital room. Each mother was given a leaflet to take home that explained the 5 steps in short. Safety issues, such as safest sleep position (supine), allowing hips to flex and how to avoid overheating when swaddled, were addressed. The same researcher executed each guidance session to maintain standardization. |
5 simple steps to calm a fussy or crying infant.
Steps include swaddling, side position, sound (white noise), swing and suck.
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No Intervention: Control group
Standard care on postpartum ward (breastfeeding and infant care guidance and support in recovering from childbirth and transitioning into parenthood).
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Parenting satisfaction (PS)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
The questionnaire "What Being the Parent of a New Baby is Like" measures parenting satisfaction and has three distinct subscales: evaluation (11 items), centrality (8 items), and life change (6 items).
The Evaluation subscale contains 11 items where the mothers responded on a nine-point scale with verbal end anchors, such as 1 = not at all (satisfied) to 9 = completely (satisfied).
Higher scores indicate more PS.
The evaluation subscale contains items such as "How well do you know your baby?", "How satisfied are you in being a parent of a new baby?" and "How satisfied are you with baby care tasks?".
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Baseline
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Change in Parenting satisfaction (PS)
Time Frame: 6-8 weeks postpartum
|
The questionnaire "What Being the Parent of a New Baby is Like" measures parenting satisfaction and has three distinct subscales: evaluation (11 items), centrality (8 items), and life change (6 items).
The Evaluation subscale contains 11 items where the mothers responded on a nine-point scale with verbal end anchors, such as 1 = not at all (satisfied) to 9 = completely (satisfied).
Higher scores indicate more PS.
The evaluation subscale contains items such as "How well do you know your baby?", "How satisfied are you in being a parent of a new baby?" and "How satisfied are you with baby care tasks?".
|
6-8 weeks postpartum
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Parenting Self-Efficacy (PSE)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
This questionnaire measures parenting self efficacy and is domain-specific, and it includes 27 items measuring different infant care skills.
These skills are cognitive skills (11 items) such as "I know how to calm a crying baby", affective skills (seven items) such as "I know what my baby enjoys" and behavioural skills (nine items) such as "I'm able to put my baby to sleep".
The instrument has a six-point Likert scale 1 = "strongly disagree" to 6 = "strongly agree".
Total parenting self-efficacy scores were calculated by adding up the scores of all items and dividing the sum by the number of items.
In addition, the score for each subcategory was calculated by adding up the scores of all items in the subcategory and dividing the sum by the number of items.
In this instrument, higher scores indicate better outcomes.
|
Baseline
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Change in Parenting Self-Efficacy (PSE)
Time Frame: 6-8 weeks postpartum
|
This questionnaire measures parenting self efficacy and is domain-specific, and it includes 27 items measuring different infant care skills.
These skills are cognitive skills (11 items) such as "I know how to calm a crying baby", affective skills (seven items) such as "I know what my baby enjoys" and behavioural skills (nine items) such as "I'm able to put my baby to sleep".
The instrument has a six-point Likert scale 1 = "strongly disagree" to 6 = "strongly agree".
Total parenting self-efficacy scores were calculated by adding up the scores of all items and dividing the sum by the number of items.
In addition, the score for each subcategory was calculated by adding up the scores of all items in the subcategory and dividing the sum by the number of items.
In this instrument, higher scores indicate better outcomes.
|
6-8 weeks postpartum
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Collaborators
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Other Study ID Numbers
- R18188H
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
IPD Sharing Time Frame
IPD Sharing Access Criteria
IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
- CSR
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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