- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04653064
The Warmth, Anticipation, Sensation, Aversion, and Body-part Imaging Study (WASABI)
Placebo Effects on Anxiety and Pain
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Background:
Pain is a significant problem within and outside of clinical contexts, and understanding the phenomenon is imperative for optimizing patient care and understanding the efficacy of pain treatment. At the same time, pain anxiety handicaps behavior and productivity, impedes the adoption of healthy behaviors and proper healthcare delivery, and is implicated in the development and maintenance of chronic pain disorders.
Pain is commonly perceived as a simplistic attention-capturing stimulus response homeostatic monitoring system that serves a tissue-protective function. Contemporary research, however, promotes a process model of pain that goes beyond simple transmission of a nociceptive signal from a transduced stimulus to include aspects of physiological modulation (e.g., regulatory brain activity from midbrain and brainstem, endogenous and exogenous opioids, and experiential perception (e.g., perceptual brain activity from S1, PFC, thalamus, S2, insula, and thalamus, perceptual exercises such as body vision. Clearly, accurate understanding of pain requires require combining signals across brain regions and networks Our lab, using machine-learning based multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) have trained several now widely-used whole-brain neural signatures for pain experience using thermal pain delivery devices (e.g., Neural Pain Signature [NPS]), as well as pain-related processes such as viewing pictures of others in pain (Vicarious Pain Signature [VPS]), and imagining being romantically rejected. Pursuit of this line of work has revealed these signatures are sensitive and specific to the type of pain it was developed for, yet generalizable enough to work in samples and pain modalities it was not developed in. For example, NPS is specific to somatic pain, and rises and falls with levels of somatic pain of many types, including thermal pain, mechanical pain, and electric shock, but does not track vicarious pain.
Our existing signatures do not respond to psychological changes in pain, which is believed to be necessary components for understanding pain hyper- and hypo-algesia as well as the placebo effect. The placebo effect is a powerful demonstration of the effects of the psychological pain context on pain experience. The effect may be directly attributable to emotional and attentional processing. Pain processing shifts from nociceptive somatosensory to emotional during chronification of pain and there is ample evidence that anxiety and stress modulate the amounts of pain reported, the degree of treatment and attention requested, and the degree of pain analgesia experienced upon application of placebo. This evidence suggests that aversive processing of incoming stimuli may play a role in the pain experience. Placebo effects may also simply be somatotopically attention driven, as one previous non fMRI study has suggested.
The basic mechanisms of placebo effects on pain anticipation and pain anxiety, and how they relate to placebo effects on pain, are still unknown. Understanding how each of subcomponents of pain -- theoretically separable as the detection of incoming sensation, aversive experiencing, and somatotopic location -- is affected by a placebo treatment may elucidate important facts about pain. This includes how pain is anticipated, processed, and subsequently regulated, providing insight into the nature of pain anxiety and how information should be delivered to mitigate pain. Such knowledge is essential for enhancing existing therapies and creating more nuanced and targeted ones for debilitating pain-related maladies such as chronic pain disorders, and important therapeutic procedures that may cause pain (e.g., surgical or dental).
Experimental Design:
The first hour of fMRI scanning aims to isolate sensation, aversiveness, and somatotopic subcomponents of pain into individual neural signatures. We will do so by subjecting participants at random to stimulations of painful heat and non-painful warmth on various body sites -- left and right masseter, midline chest, midline trunk, left and right forearm, and left and right upper-calf -- as well as listen to an aversive sound (e.g., scratching chalkboard). Participants will also be asked at various times to follow instructions to imagine themselves feeling intense heat pain at a randomly designated body site.
In the second hour of fMRI scanning, we will examine to what degree the identified isolated subcomponents of sensation, aversiveness, and somatotopy respond to placebo treatment for heat pain (i.e., the application of an inert cream coinciding with either an instruction that the participant will be given "an analgesic cream" relative to "a control cream with no effect").
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: Tor D Wager, PhD
- Phone Number: 603-646-2196
- Email: Tor.D.Wager@Dartmouth.edu
Study Locations
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New Hampshire
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Hanover, New Hampshire, United States, 03755
- Recruiting
- Dartmouth College
-
Contact:
- Bethany Hunt, BA
- Email: bethany.j.hunt@dartmouth.edu
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Subject must be a volunteer with a minimum age of 18 years and must be able and willing to provide written informed consent.
- If female, the subject must be non-lactating, not pregnant, and using a reliable contraception method.
- Subject must be able to read and speak English.
- Subject must be able to understand and follow the instructions of the investigator and understand all screening questionnaires.
- Subject must have no current or recent history of pathological pain.
- Subject must have abstained from alcohol and substance use for 48 hours.
- Subject must pass all fMRI screening tests.
Exclusion Criteria:
- If female, pregnancy.
- Inability to tolerate the scanning procedures (e.g., claustrophobia).
- Metal in body or prior history working with metal fragments (e.g., as a machinist).
- Inability to tolerate heat pain applied to the forearm.
- Reporting temporary abnormal levels of pain.
- Allergic response to the exfoliating cream.
- Current presence of pain.
- Current or past history of psychoactive substance abuse or dependence.
- Dementias.
- Movement disorders except familial tremor.
- CNS infection.
- CNS vasculitis.
- Inflammatory disease or autoimmune disease.
- CNS demyelinating disease (e.g. multiple sclerosis).
- Space occupying lesions (mass lesions, tumors).
- Congenital CNS abnormality (e.g. cerebral palsy).
- Seizure disorder.
- History of closed head trauma with loss of consciousness.
- History of cerebrovascular disease (stroke, TIAs).
- Abnormal MRI (except changes accounted for by technical factors or UBOs.
- Neuroendocrine disorders (e.g., Cushings disease).
- Uncorrected hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
- Current or past history of cancer.
- Recent history (within two years) of myocardial infarction, severe cardiovascular disease, or currently active cardiovascular disease (e.g. angina, cardiomyopathy).
- Uncontrolled hypertension or hypotension.
- Chronic pain syndromes.
- Chronic fatigue syndromes.
- A history of neurologic disease or neuropathic pain.
- Prior treatment within the last month with any of the following: antidepressants, mood stabilizers, glucocorticoids, opiates.
- Prior treatment with any of the following: antipsychotics, isoniazid, centrally active antihypertensive drugs (e.g. clonidine, reserpine).
- Any other contraindications for MRI examination (e.g., metallic implants such as pacemakers, surgical aneurysm clips, or known metal fragments embedded in the body).
- Current treatment for psychiatric disorders including mood, anxiety, substance abuse, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychosis.
- Neurological disorders (e.g., taking dopamine agonists for Parkinson's) Cardiovascular disease or medication (e.g., taking ACE (angiotensin-converting-enzyme) inhibitors for cardiac remodeling).
- Frequent smoking (> 5 cigarettes / day).
- Frequent alcohol use (> 14 drinks / week).
- Frequent migraines (> 5 / month on average).
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Basic Science
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
- Masking: Single
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Placebo Cream first
Each participant will undergo thermal pain tasks after being administered a "treatment" cream to one of eight body sites.
|
Approximately 1 teaspoon of exfoliating skin scrub delivered approximately 5 minutes prior to pain tasks will coincide with verbal descriptors of the cream as being analgesic.
Approximately 1 teaspoon of exfoliating skin scrub delivered approximately 5 minutes prior to pain tasks will coincide with verbal descriptors of the cream as one of no effect.
|
Experimental: Control Cream first
Each participant will undergo thermal pain tasks after being administered a "control" cream to one of eight body sites.
|
Approximately 1 teaspoon of exfoliating skin scrub delivered approximately 5 minutes prior to pain tasks will coincide with verbal descriptors of the cream as being analgesic.
Approximately 1 teaspoon of exfoliating skin scrub delivered approximately 5 minutes prior to pain tasks will coincide with verbal descriptors of the cream as one of no effect.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Contrasts of pain valence (i.e., unpleasantness) using the Bartoshuk Labeled Magnitude Scale (LMS) between body sites administered Placebo vs. Control Cream, both prior to and during pain delivery.
Time Frame: Hour 2 of fMRI scanning, immediately after each pain delivery trial.
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Self-reported pain valence using the LMS ranging from 0-10 (with 0 representing "no pain" and 10 representing "most unlikable pain of any kind experienced".
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Hour 2 of fMRI scanning, immediately after each pain delivery trial.
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Contrast of pain intensity using the Bartoshuk Labeled Magnitude Scale (LMS) between body sites administered Placebo vs. Control Cream, both prior to and during pain delivery.
Time Frame: Hour 2 of fMRI scanning, immediately after each pain delivery trial.
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Self-reported pain intensity using the LMS ranging from 0-10 (with 0 representing "not intense" and 10 representing "most intense pain of any kind experienced".
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Hour 2 of fMRI scanning, immediately after each pain delivery trial.
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Contrasts of activation of fMRI aversiveness signatures between trials where Placebo-cream-applied body sites are stimulated vs. trials where Control-cream-applied body sites are stimulated, both prior to and during pain delivery.
Time Frame: Hour 2 of fMRI scanning, immediately after each pain delivery trial.
|
This will be collected with a Siemens 3T PRISMA.
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Hour 2 of fMRI scanning, immediately after each pain delivery trial.
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Contrasts of activation of fMRI sensation signatures between trials where Placebo-cream-applied body sites are stimulated vs. trials where Control-cream-applied body sites are stimulated, both prior to and during pain delivery.
Time Frame: Hour 2 of fMRI scanning, immediately after each pain delivery trial.
|
This will be collected with a Siemens 3T PRISMA.
|
Hour 2 of fMRI scanning, immediately after each pain delivery trial.
|
Contrasts of activation of eight fMRI somatotopic signatures between trials where Placebo-cream-applied body sites are stimulated vs. trials where Control-cream-applied body sites are stimulated, both prior to and during pain delivery.
Time Frame: Hour 2 of fMRI scanning, immediately after each pain delivery trial.
|
This will be collected with a Siemens 3T PRISMA.
Eight signatures will include left and right masseter, left and right forearm, left and right calf, sternum, and abdomen.
|
Hour 2 of fMRI scanning, immediately after each pain delivery trial.
|
Other Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Contrast of scalar activation of Neurologic Pain Signature between trials where Placebo-cream-applied body sites are stimulated vs. trials where Control-cream-applied body sites are stimulated, both prior to and during pain delivery.
Time Frame: Hour 2 of fMRI scanning, immediately after each pain delivery trial.
|
This will be collected with a Siemens 3T PRISMA.
|
Hour 2 of fMRI scanning, immediately after each pain delivery trial.
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Tor D Wager, PhD, Dartmouth College
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Estimated)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Other Study ID Numbers
- 230135
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
All MRI and behavioral data will be submitted to the NIMH Data Archive (NDA) according to the terms and conditions outlined on their website (https://ndar.nih.gov/contribute_data_sharing_regimen.html ) and with OpenFMRI.
All training and test data and multivariate models will also be stored in http://neurovault.org/, an open-source neuroimaging data repository that can accommodate single subject images and metadata used for training multivariate models. We have recently built http://neuro-learn.org/, a new open-source platform for training, testing, and comparing brain models using data stored in Neurovault. All of our neural signatures developed in this project will be made freely available to everyone through this platform.
All scripts developed to analyze data for this project will be made publicly available on Github (https://github.com/canlab/CanlabCore) at the time of publication of primary manuscripts.
IPD Sharing Time Frame
IPD Sharing Access Criteria
These data would generally be made available to any qualified investigator for neuroimaging studies only including:
i. Research on any brain phenomenon; ii. Neuroimaging research on non-disease traits (intelligence, behavioral traits); iii. Methods development research.
The requesting investigator must provide documentation of local IRB approval.
These data would not be made available to:
i. Any criminal justice organization, because data may not be used for any criminal justice applications; ii. Any commercial entity, because use of the data is limited to not-for-profit organizations and data may not be used for any commercial purposes.
IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
- SAP
- ICF
- ANALYTIC_CODE
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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