- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04758858
Carbohydrates Under Target for Type 1 Diabetes Management
Recently, there has been an increased interest in limiting carbohydrates (CHO) intakes for improving long-term health. Low CHO (<30% energy from CHO) and very low CHO high fat (VLCHF; 10% CHO, 75% Lipid) diets are being advocated among people living with diabetes given their almost immediate favorable impact on post-prandial blood glucose levels and on hemoglobin A1c that have been reported by users. Adoption of these diets are met with reluctance by healthcare professionals due to the lack of information on their safety. Concerns include the impact on hypoglycemia frequency and glucagon response to hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, lipid profile, liver function insulin dose adjustments when adopting them in the context of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Through a series of interviews, people with diabetes following a VLCHF reported that the lack of support from HCPs often leads to hiding the fact that they have adopted a VLCHF diet. This is an important source of concern that can lead to additional safety issues.
The goal is to fill an important knowledge gap about the effectiveness, benefits and risks of low CHO and VLCHF diets for people with T1D. The primary objective is to compare the percentage of TIR of adults with T1D following a low-CHO diet or a VLCHF diet versus a control diet for 12 weeks. The secondary objectives are (1) to evaluate efficacy of glucagon in correcting hypoglycemia in the context of restricted carbohydrates intakes; (2) to evaluate changes in HbA1c at 12 weeks and glucose fluctuations and % of time in hypoglycemia at 6 weeks and 12 weeks of control diet, low-CHO diet or VLCHF diet; (3) to compare key cardiometabolic risk factors (body composition, blood lipids, blood pressure and liver inflammatory markers and function) at 6 weeks and 12 weeks of control diet, low-CHO diet or VLCHF diet; (4) to evaluate the effect of restrictive CHO diets (low-CHO and VLCHF) on the composition of the intestinal microbiota (optional).
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
- Other: Insulin treatment optimization with participant's usual diet
- Device: Abbott's FreeStyle Libre
- Other: Three-day food journal
- Other: Medical visit
- Other: Blood pressure measurements
- Other: Anthropometric parameters measurements
- Other: Indirect calorimetry test
- Other: Well-being questionnaire
- Other: Diet appreciation questionnaire
- Device: Pedometer (PiezoRxD)
- Other: Hepatic imaging (MRI)
- Other: Glucagon efficiency test
- Other: Body composition : Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
- Other: Blood tests
- Other: Stool sample collections (optional)
- Other: Hypoglycemia journal
- Other: Ketone journal
- Other: Adherence to the diet (Keenoa)
Study Type
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
Quebec
-
Montréal, Quebec, Canada, H2W 1R7
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Men and women > 18 years old
- Duration of T1D > 12 months
- On intensive insulin therapy
- Own a smartphone or tablet to use two mobile applications for nutritional and physical activity tracking: Keenoa and Piezo: Achieve the Guidelines!
Exclusion Criteria:
- Already following a low-CHO diet (<30% CHO)
- Type 2 diabetes or other form of diabetes
- Known gastroparesis (clinical diagnosis)
- Advanced kidney disease (eGFR < 50 mL/min)
- Known significant liver disease (e.g. cirrhosis, active hepatitis, liver transplantation)
- Recent (<6 months) major cardiovascular event (e.g. myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, major revascularization, etc.)
- Pregnancy (ongoing or planned in the next 6 months)
- Breastfeeding (ongoing)
- Recent severe hypoglycemia episodes (BG <2.8 mmol/L or assistance from a third party) or ketoacidosis (<6 weeks)
- Claustrophobia or presence of metal devices/implants in the body
- Recent (<6 weeks) or planned (next 6 months) modification in insulin treatment
- Recent (<6 weeks) or planned (next 6 months) modification in cardiometabolic drugs for blood pressure and/or lipids. These drugs must remain stable all along the trial
- Off label adjunct therapy with SGLT-2 inhibitors (Forxiga®, Invokana® or Jardiance®)
- Recent (<6 weeks) or planned (next 6 months) modification of adjunct therapy (Metformin, Glumetza®, Victoza®, Trulicity® and Ozempic®)
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Active Comparator: VLCHF (Very Low CHO High Fat) Diet
10% of energy from CHO, 15% proteins, and 75% lipids
|
Two weeks before the intervention phase, insulin dose optimization and revision of participants' knowledge on carbohydrates counting, hypo- and hyperglycemia prevention and treatment will be done with a nurse and a dietitian under a physician's supervision.
Once to twice a week, participants will be contacted to review if glucose values are in target.
During the whole trial, blood glucose will be assessed by intermittent scanning Continuous Glucose Monitors (isCGM; Abbott's Freestyle-Libre glucose sensor).
Participants will be asked to record or download, in their Freestyle Libre reader or in their insulin pump, their insulin doses being injected each day.
Two weeks before the intervention phase, participants will be asked to complete a 3-day food journal, using the Keenoa mobile application, with carbohydrates (CHO) content of food and blood glucose measures to optimize their insulin doses.
Analysis of the food journal will allow us to quantify the participants' usual diet.
During visit 1, a short medical interview will be done to establish if the subject is eligible to participate in the study.
A list of current medications, presence of complications, as well as comorbidities associated with their diabetes will be collected in their medical file during the visit with the endocrinologist.
Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) will be measured during all visits (visits 1 to 4).
Weight, height, BMI and waist circumference will be measured during all visits (visits 1 to 4).
Both resting metabolic rate and respiratory quotient will be measured after a 10-hour fast by indirect calorimetry.
The test will be done twice, before (visit 2) and after (visit 4) the intervention phase.
Participants will be asked to complete a well-being questionnaire (nausea, fatigue, etc) during visits 2, 3 and 4.
Participants will be asked to complete a diet appreciation (appetite, fullness, etc) questionnaire during visits 3 and 4.
Participants will be asked to wear a pedometer (PiezoRxD) that will record their steps every day during the whole trial.
Also, they will have to install Piezo: Achieve the Guidelines!, a free mobile application, on their smartphone or tablet.
It will connect to their pedometer via bluetooth and will help the research assistant track their data remotely
Imaging of participants' liver will be done by MRI at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM).
The test will be done twice, before (visit 2) and after (visit 4) the intervention phase.
The glucagon efficiency test will be done twice, before (visit 2) and after (visit 4) the intervention phase.
A subcutaneous insulin injection based on individual insulin correction factor will be given to induce hypoglycemia down to 3 mmol/L (based on plasma glucose).
A subcutaneous injection of 300 µg of glucagon will be administered.
Lean body mass and fat mass will be measured by Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
The DEXA test will be done twice, before (visit 2) and after (visit 4) the intervention phase.
Blood tests will be done to assess participants' diabetes control as well as to assess other biochemical markers (blood lipids as well as markers of inflammation and liver function).
Blood will be collected and analyzed during all visits (visits 1 to 4).
Participants will be asked to collect and immediately freeze their stool sample until it is given to the study team (for intestinal microbiota composition analysis).
This will be done three times during the study, during phase 1, between week 1 and 6 of phase 2 and between week 6 and 12 of phase 2.
During the whole trial, participants will be asked to keep a log of their hypoglycemia episodes, which are defined by the need to consume CHO.
They will be asked to note the time, symptoms (including time taken for disappearance after treatment), capillary glucose measurement and the amount of CHO consumed.
During the intervention phase, participants will be asked to measure their ß-hydroxybutarate level (mmol/L) with their Abbott's Freestyle-Libre scanner at least twice per week before breakfast.
Participants will be asked to check their ketone bodies for sensor or capillary glucose levels exceeding 15 mmol/l, when their sensor indicates high without a specific glucose value and when they have symptoms of ketoacidosis (regardless of glucose reading).
During the whole dietary intervention phase (phase 2), participants will confirm that they have followed their menus by taking before and after pictures of their meals every day and indicating the percentage of their meal consumed (25-50-75-100%) via the Keenoa mobile application.
|
Active Comparator: Low-CHO Diet
30% of energy from CHO, 15% proteins and 55% lipids
|
Two weeks before the intervention phase, insulin dose optimization and revision of participants' knowledge on carbohydrates counting, hypo- and hyperglycemia prevention and treatment will be done with a nurse and a dietitian under a physician's supervision.
Once to twice a week, participants will be contacted to review if glucose values are in target.
During the whole trial, blood glucose will be assessed by intermittent scanning Continuous Glucose Monitors (isCGM; Abbott's Freestyle-Libre glucose sensor).
Participants will be asked to record or download, in their Freestyle Libre reader or in their insulin pump, their insulin doses being injected each day.
Two weeks before the intervention phase, participants will be asked to complete a 3-day food journal, using the Keenoa mobile application, with carbohydrates (CHO) content of food and blood glucose measures to optimize their insulin doses.
Analysis of the food journal will allow us to quantify the participants' usual diet.
During visit 1, a short medical interview will be done to establish if the subject is eligible to participate in the study.
A list of current medications, presence of complications, as well as comorbidities associated with their diabetes will be collected in their medical file during the visit with the endocrinologist.
Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) will be measured during all visits (visits 1 to 4).
Weight, height, BMI and waist circumference will be measured during all visits (visits 1 to 4).
Both resting metabolic rate and respiratory quotient will be measured after a 10-hour fast by indirect calorimetry.
The test will be done twice, before (visit 2) and after (visit 4) the intervention phase.
Participants will be asked to complete a well-being questionnaire (nausea, fatigue, etc) during visits 2, 3 and 4.
Participants will be asked to complete a diet appreciation (appetite, fullness, etc) questionnaire during visits 3 and 4.
Participants will be asked to wear a pedometer (PiezoRxD) that will record their steps every day during the whole trial.
Also, they will have to install Piezo: Achieve the Guidelines!, a free mobile application, on their smartphone or tablet.
It will connect to their pedometer via bluetooth and will help the research assistant track their data remotely
Imaging of participants' liver will be done by MRI at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM).
The test will be done twice, before (visit 2) and after (visit 4) the intervention phase.
The glucagon efficiency test will be done twice, before (visit 2) and after (visit 4) the intervention phase.
A subcutaneous insulin injection based on individual insulin correction factor will be given to induce hypoglycemia down to 3 mmol/L (based on plasma glucose).
A subcutaneous injection of 300 µg of glucagon will be administered.
Lean body mass and fat mass will be measured by Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
The DEXA test will be done twice, before (visit 2) and after (visit 4) the intervention phase.
Blood tests will be done to assess participants' diabetes control as well as to assess other biochemical markers (blood lipids as well as markers of inflammation and liver function).
Blood will be collected and analyzed during all visits (visits 1 to 4).
Participants will be asked to collect and immediately freeze their stool sample until it is given to the study team (for intestinal microbiota composition analysis).
This will be done three times during the study, during phase 1, between week 1 and 6 of phase 2 and between week 6 and 12 of phase 2.
During the whole trial, participants will be asked to keep a log of their hypoglycemia episodes, which are defined by the need to consume CHO.
They will be asked to note the time, symptoms (including time taken for disappearance after treatment), capillary glucose measurement and the amount of CHO consumed.
During the intervention phase, participants will be asked to measure their ß-hydroxybutarate level (mmol/L) with their Abbott's Freestyle-Libre scanner at least twice per week before breakfast.
Participants will be asked to check their ketone bodies for sensor or capillary glucose levels exceeding 15 mmol/l, when their sensor indicates high without a specific glucose value and when they have symptoms of ketoacidosis (regardless of glucose reading).
During the whole dietary intervention phase (phase 2), participants will confirm that they have followed their menus by taking before and after pictures of their meals every day and indicating the percentage of their meal consumed (25-50-75-100%) via the Keenoa mobile application.
|
Placebo Comparator: Control Diet
50% of energy from CHO, 15% proteins and 35% lipids
|
Two weeks before the intervention phase, insulin dose optimization and revision of participants' knowledge on carbohydrates counting, hypo- and hyperglycemia prevention and treatment will be done with a nurse and a dietitian under a physician's supervision.
Once to twice a week, participants will be contacted to review if glucose values are in target.
During the whole trial, blood glucose will be assessed by intermittent scanning Continuous Glucose Monitors (isCGM; Abbott's Freestyle-Libre glucose sensor).
Participants will be asked to record or download, in their Freestyle Libre reader or in their insulin pump, their insulin doses being injected each day.
Two weeks before the intervention phase, participants will be asked to complete a 3-day food journal, using the Keenoa mobile application, with carbohydrates (CHO) content of food and blood glucose measures to optimize their insulin doses.
Analysis of the food journal will allow us to quantify the participants' usual diet.
During visit 1, a short medical interview will be done to establish if the subject is eligible to participate in the study.
A list of current medications, presence of complications, as well as comorbidities associated with their diabetes will be collected in their medical file during the visit with the endocrinologist.
Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) will be measured during all visits (visits 1 to 4).
Weight, height, BMI and waist circumference will be measured during all visits (visits 1 to 4).
Both resting metabolic rate and respiratory quotient will be measured after a 10-hour fast by indirect calorimetry.
The test will be done twice, before (visit 2) and after (visit 4) the intervention phase.
Participants will be asked to complete a well-being questionnaire (nausea, fatigue, etc) during visits 2, 3 and 4.
Participants will be asked to complete a diet appreciation (appetite, fullness, etc) questionnaire during visits 3 and 4.
Participants will be asked to wear a pedometer (PiezoRxD) that will record their steps every day during the whole trial.
Also, they will have to install Piezo: Achieve the Guidelines!, a free mobile application, on their smartphone or tablet.
It will connect to their pedometer via bluetooth and will help the research assistant track their data remotely
Imaging of participants' liver will be done by MRI at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM).
The test will be done twice, before (visit 2) and after (visit 4) the intervention phase.
The glucagon efficiency test will be done twice, before (visit 2) and after (visit 4) the intervention phase.
A subcutaneous insulin injection based on individual insulin correction factor will be given to induce hypoglycemia down to 3 mmol/L (based on plasma glucose).
A subcutaneous injection of 300 µg of glucagon will be administered.
Lean body mass and fat mass will be measured by Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
The DEXA test will be done twice, before (visit 2) and after (visit 4) the intervention phase.
Blood tests will be done to assess participants' diabetes control as well as to assess other biochemical markers (blood lipids as well as markers of inflammation and liver function).
Blood will be collected and analyzed during all visits (visits 1 to 4).
Participants will be asked to collect and immediately freeze their stool sample until it is given to the study team (for intestinal microbiota composition analysis).
This will be done three times during the study, during phase 1, between week 1 and 6 of phase 2 and between week 6 and 12 of phase 2.
During the whole trial, participants will be asked to keep a log of their hypoglycemia episodes, which are defined by the need to consume CHO.
They will be asked to note the time, symptoms (including time taken for disappearance after treatment), capillary glucose measurement and the amount of CHO consumed.
During the intervention phase, participants will be asked to measure their ß-hydroxybutarate level (mmol/L) with their Abbott's Freestyle-Libre scanner at least twice per week before breakfast.
Participants will be asked to check their ketone bodies for sensor or capillary glucose levels exceeding 15 mmol/l, when their sensor indicates high without a specific glucose value and when they have symptoms of ketoacidosis (regardless of glucose reading).
During the whole dietary intervention phase (phase 2), participants will confirm that they have followed their menus by taking before and after pictures of their meals every day and indicating the percentage of their meal consumed (25-50-75-100%) via the Keenoa mobile application.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Percentage of time-in-target (range of 4-10 mmol/L)
Time Frame: From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Using continuous glucose monitoring (FreeStyle Libre)
|
From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Time to resolve an induced hypoglycemia (>4 mmol/L)
Time Frame: After administration of subcutaneous insulin; At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 5 hours
|
Glucagon efficiency test
|
After administration of subcutaneous insulin; At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 5 hours
|
Peak plasma glucose level two hours after glucagon administration
Time Frame: After administration of glucagon; At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 5 hours
|
Glucagon efficiency test
|
After administration of glucagon; At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 5 hours
|
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Average glycemic control
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Fructosamine
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Average glycemic control
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Fasting blood glucose
Time Frame: From beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Blood glucose before meals
|
From beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Post-prandial blood glucose
Time Frame: From beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Blood glucose after meals
|
From beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Coefficient of glucose variation (%)
Time Frame: From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Using continuous glucose monitoring (FreeStyle Libre)
|
From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Insulin daily dose
Time Frame: From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Using continuous glucose monitoring (FreeStyle Libre) or their insulin pump
|
From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Basal insulin doses
Time Frame: From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Using continuous glucose monitoring (FreeStyle Libre) or their insulin pump
|
From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Insulin-to-CHO ratio
Time Frame: From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Using continuous glucose monitoring (FreeStyle Libre) or their insulin pump
|
From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Percentage of time spent in hypoglycemia ranges < 4 mmol/L
Time Frame: From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Using continuous glucose monitoring (FreeStyle Libre)
|
From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Percentage of time spent in significant hypoglycemia ranges < 3 mmol/L
Time Frame: From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Using continuous glucose monitoring (FreeStyle Libre)
|
From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Weight (kg)
Time Frame: At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Weight and height will be combined to report BMI (kg/m^2)
|
At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Height (cm)
Time Frame: At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Weight and height will be combined to report BMI (kg/m^2)
|
At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Waist circumference (cm)
Time Frame: At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Calculated using the average of 3 measures
|
At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Total cholesterol
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Blood lipid profiles
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
HDL-cholesterol
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Blood lipid profiles
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
LDL-cholesterol
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Blood lipid profiles
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Triglycerides
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Blood lipid profiles
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Apo-B
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Blood lipid profiles
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Apo-A1
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Blood lipid profiles
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Total lean mass (kg)
Time Frame: During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Measured by DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry)
|
During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Total lean mass (%)
Time Frame: During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Measured by DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry)
|
During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Truncal lean mass (kg)
Time Frame: During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Measured by DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry)
|
During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Truncal lean mass (%)
Time Frame: During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Measured by DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry)
|
During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Total fat mass (kg)
Time Frame: During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Measured by DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry)
|
During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Total fat mass (%)
Time Frame: During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Measured by DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry)
|
During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Truncal fat mass (kg)
Time Frame: During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Measured by DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry)
|
During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Truncal fat mass (%)
Time Frame: During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Measured by DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry)
|
During DEXA-scan : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 15 minutes
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Time Frame: At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Calculated using the average of 3 measures
|
At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Time Frame: At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Calculated using the average of 3 measures
|
At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Aminotransferases
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Liver function
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Alkaline phosphatase
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Liver function
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Liver function
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Bilirubin
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Liver function
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Albumin
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Liver function
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
High sensitivity CRP
Time Frame: During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Liver function
|
During blood test : At baseline (day 1), before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Resting metabolic rate (kcal/day)
Time Frame: During indirect calorimetry test : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 30 minutes
|
Measured by indirect calorimetry
|
During indirect calorimetry test : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 30 minutes
|
Respiratory quotient
Time Frame: During indirect calorimetry test : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 30 minutes
|
Measured by indirect calorimetry
|
During indirect calorimetry test : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 30 minutes
|
Liver proton density fat fraction
Time Frame: During MRI : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 30 minutes
|
Hepatic fat imagery measured by MRI
|
During MRI : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 30 minutes
|
Mean liver PDFF
Time Frame: During MRI : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 30 minutes
|
Hepatic fat imagery measured by MRI
|
During MRI : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 30 minutes
|
Total liver volume
Time Frame: During MRI : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 30 minutes
|
Hepatic fat imagery measured by MRI
|
During MRI : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 30 minutes
|
Total liver fat index
Time Frame: During MRI : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 30 minutes
|
Hepatic fat imagery measured by MRI
|
During MRI : At beginning (week 3) and end (week 14) of the diet intervention, each test lasts approximately 30 minutes
|
Well-being score
Time Frame: Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
The World Health Organisation- Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) : I have felt cheerful in good spirits, I have felt calm and relaxed, I have felt active and vigorous, I woke up feeling fresh and rested, My daily life has been filled with things that interest me.
The raw score is calculated by totaling the figures of the five answers (0 = At no time to 5 = All of the time).
The raw score ranges from 0 to 25, 0 representing worst possible and 25 representing best possible quality of life.
|
Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Visual Analog Score for fatigue (none to intolerable)
Time Frame: Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Corresponding scores of questionnaire used to assess different quality of life aspects.
|
Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Visual Analog Score for nausea (none to intolerable)
Time Frame: Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Corresponding scores of questionnaire used to assess different quality of life aspects.
|
Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Visual Analog Score for abdominal cramp/pain (none to intolerable)
Time Frame: Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Corresponding scores of questionnaire used to assess different quality of life aspects.
|
Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Visual Analog Score for headache (none to intolerable)
Time Frame: Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Corresponding scores of questionnaire used to assess different quality of life aspects.
|
Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Visual Analog Score for hunger (none to intolerable)
Time Frame: Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Corresponding scores of questionnaire used to assess different quality of life aspects.
|
Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Visual Analog Score for diet satisfaction (not appreciated to very appreciated)
Time Frame: Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Corresponding scores of questionnaire for diet appreciation.
|
Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Visual Analog Score for difficulty to follow the diet (no difficulty to extreme difficulty)
Time Frame: Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Corresponding scores of questionnaire for diet appreciation.
|
Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Visual Analog Score for difficulty for meal preparation (no difficulty to extreme difficulty)
Time Frame: Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Corresponding scores of questionnaire for diet appreciation.
|
Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Steps/day (physical activity)
Time Frame: From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Recorded with a pedometer (PiezoRxD) and mobile application
|
From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Number hypoglycemia episodes
Time Frame: From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Recorded by participants on hypoglycemia journal
|
From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Severity of hypoglycemia episodes (mild or severe)
Time Frame: From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Recorded by participants on hypoglycemia journal
|
From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Capillary ketone body levels
Time Frame: From beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
ß-hydroxybutarate level (mmol/L) measured using ketometer integrated in Abbott's Freestyle-Libre scanner
|
From beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Alpha diversity (optional)
Time Frame: Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Intestinal microbiota composition (optional)
|
Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Beta diversity (optional)
Time Frame: Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Intestinal microbiota composition (optional)
|
Before diet intervention (week 3), halfway the diet intervention (week 8) and at the end of the diet intervention (week 14)
|
Daily caloric intake (kcal/day)
Time Frame: Three days during the first 2 weeks (3-day food journal) and from beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Using Keenoa's mobile application
|
Three days during the first 2 weeks (3-day food journal) and from beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Lipids composition
Time Frame: Three days during the first 2 weeks (3-day food journal) and from beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Using Keenoa's mobile application.
Grams will be converted into percentage of energy.
|
Three days during the first 2 weeks (3-day food journal) and from beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Carbohydrates composition
Time Frame: Three days during the first 2 weeks (3-day food journal) and from beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Using Keenoa's mobile application.
Grams will be converted into percentage of energy.
|
Three days during the first 2 weeks (3-day food journal) and from beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Proteins composition
Time Frame: Three days during the first 2 weeks (3-day food journal) and from beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Using Keenoa's mobile application.
Grams will be converted into percentage of energy.
|
Three days during the first 2 weeks (3-day food journal) and from beginning (week 3) to end (week 14) of diet intervention
|
Self-reported symptoms
Time Frame: From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Descriptive symptoms reported by participants during follow-ups
|
From enrollment to end of study, total of 14 weeks
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Collaborators
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Anticipated)
Primary Completion (Anticipated)
Study Completion (Anticipated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- CUT-1
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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