Appetite Variability

Appetite Ratings and Eating Patterns

This study will examine appetitive sensation variability and the relationship between appetitive sensations and energy intake. Investigators believe the methods for assessing and interpretation of appetitive sensations are problematic and mask the true influence of these sensations on eating. This limits the development of guidelines for weight management. To gain a better understanding of the relationship, investigators will track hourly appetite sensations and map these to eating events via time-series analyses to gain new insights on the directionality and magnitude of these relationships. Also, investigators will also examine the association of apetitive ratings with age or gender. This will allow the development of more effective weight management recommendations.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Appetitive Behavior
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Observational

Detailed Description

Screening - The study will be advertised through various public media sources (social media, posted flyers, Purdue Today) and a verbal conversation. Participants responding to the advertisements will be scheduled for a screening visit. This meeting will begin with a full description of the study, and investigators will secure informed written consent. Participants will complete questionnaires eliciting demographic (age, biological sex, BMI, fat%), dietary (eating traits), and health (acute and chronic disease history) information. Height and weight will be measured. For those choosing to enroll, investigators will obtain baseline measurements to confirm eligibility. Individuals qualified and volunteering to participate in the trial will complete multiple questionnaires about eating habits ( Meal pattern questionnaire, Power of food scale, 0 Study Materials - Appetite Training Material.pdf 0 Study Materials - ASA24 instruction .pdf 0 Eating Trait questionnaires.pdf 0 Study Materials - Appetite Lexicon Quiz.docx 0 Hourly Appetite and Thirst Ratings.pdf 0 Study Timeline.pdf Emotional eating scale, Eating inventory, Food craving inventory, Adult eating behavior scales, Self-regulation of eating behavior questionnaire, Barrot Impulsiveness scale). Participants will also learn how to record their energy intake through the ASA-24 system. Then, participants will get training on the lexicon of appetite sensations with a video tutorial, followed by an online quiz to confirm their understanding of the concepts. At least 90% of correct responses are required to pass the appetite lexicon training. Failure to satisfactorily convey an understanding of the concepts will result in an offer to repeat the training two more times or be rejected from the study. Study Procedure - Enrolled participants will have a virtual meeting with a researcher (E. Cheon) once a week through Zoom to remind participants about the necessity and method for recording of appetite/thirst ratings, dietary recalls, and physical activity to be completed during three days (2 non-consecutive weekdays and

1 weekend day). Participants will be asked to report to the laboratory for instruction on recording appetitive sensations (hunger, fullness, thirst), food intake, physical activity at baseline (week1), week 9, and 17 on 3 days (2 non-consecutive weekdays and 1 weekend day). Ratings of hunger, fullness, and thirst will be recorded on their cell phones/computers via a web-based Qualtrics survey every waking hour for 3 days. All entries are time and date stamped to ensure the ratings are made at the intended times. Participants will be provided hourly alarms to ensure regular recording.

Concurrently, participants will keep a diet record with an ASA-24 system and free-living energy expenditure will be measured using a physical activity tracking application on the same days of appetite ratings.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 109

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Indiana
    • West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907
      • Purdue Univeristy

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

community sample

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18-65 years.
2. Body weight fluctuation of <2.5 kg in the past 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Having an acute disease.
2. Planning to initiate or terminate medication known to affect appetite.
3. Planning to initiate or terminate lifestyle behaviors that could affect energy balance
4. Age <18 or >65 years.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

6

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Young Adult/Normal; Age 18-35, BMI 18.5-24.9	Other: Observational; Observational
Young Adult/Overweight and Obese; Age18-35, BMI greater than 25.0	Other: Observational; Observational
Adult/Normal; Age 36-50, BMI 18.5-24.9	Other: Observational; Observational
Adult/Overweight and Obese; Age 36-50, BMI greater than 25.0	Other: Observational; Observational
Older Adult/Nornal; Age 51-65, BMI 18.5-24.9	Other: Observational; Observational
Older Adult/Overweight and Obese; Age 51-65, BMI greater than 25.0	Other: Observational; Observational

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Hunger	A positive association between hunger and eating frequency.	4 months
Thirst	A positive association between thirst and energy intake from beverages.	4 Months
Fullness	A positive association between fullness and portion size.	4 Months
Energy Intake	A positive association between combined hunger (determinant of eating frequency) and fullness (determinant of portion size) ratings and energy intake.	4 Months
Age	A negative association between appetitive sensation intensities and age.	4 Months
Gender	No significant association between appetitive sensation intensities and gender.	4 Months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Purdue University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Richard D Mattes, PhD, Purdue University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 2, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 2, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): December 31, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 5, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 5, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): April 8, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 7, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 6, 2024
• Last Verified: May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 2020-1651

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No