Surgical Site Infections at a West Cameroon Hospital (SSI Mbouo)

Incidence, Microbial Spectrum and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infections at a West Cameroon Hospital: A Prospective Cohort Study

Surgical site infections (SSI) constitute an important health concern in low and middle income countries, leading to prolonged hospital stay and increased costs. Previous studies indicate that in Africa up to 1/3 of patients undergoing surgery may be affected by a postoperative infection. The development and implementation of context-specific SSI prevention guidelines is important to reduce this complication. To deploy efficient context-specific measures, data on epidemiology and microbiology of these infections are needed. This means to adapt the prevention measures to the context-specific risk factors for surgical site infections in resource-limited settings, and to give locally adapted recommendations on antimicrobial therapy based on local resistance patterns. However, data in this respect are scarce in low and middle income countries. This present study will contribute to the needed epidemiology and microbiology data on SSI in Cameroon. It will be carried out as a prospective cohort study at the Mbouo Protestant hospital in the West Region of Cameroon. The incidence, microbial spectrum and respective antimicrobial resistance of SSI as well as the risk factors of SSI will be systematically investigated. The study will include 300 patients at the Hôpital Protestant de Mbouo (HPM) who underwent surgery and gave their informed consent for inclusion, the timeframe is 04/2021 - 11/2021. An active SSI surveillance system will be put in place for 30 postoperative days to diagnose SSI.

Expected outcomes:

The incidence of SSI is likely to be higher than 10%. Concerning risk factors, preoperative bodywashing and perioperative antibioprophylaxis is expected to be protective against SSI. Up to 1/3 of SSI are expected to occur after hospital discharge. For the microbial spectrum, a high proportion of Staphylococcus aureus is likely to be found. For the antimicrobial resistance no estimation can be give as data is non-existent in that region from the literature.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Surgical Wound Infection
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Observation of surgical site infections

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 148

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Cameroon
  • Ouest
    • Bafoussam, Ouest, Cameroon, 948
      • Hôpital Protestant de Mbouo

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

All patients that receive surgery at the Hôpital Protestant de Mbouo in Cameroon and that are willing and consenting to participate in the study

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient underwent surgery at the hospital during study period

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unconscious patients, mentally ill patients

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Patients without SSI; Patients who underwent surgery and who developed a surgical site infection (SSI) during 30 days after surgery
Patients with SSI; Patients who underwent surgery and who didn't develop a surgical site infection (SSI) during 30 days after surgery	Procedure: Observation of surgical site infections; No intervention is done, only observation of routine clinical practice

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Incidence of Surgical Site Infections (SSI)	The incidence of SSI of all patients included in the study	04 / 2021 - 11 / 2021

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Risk factors of SSI	What are the risk factors for Surgical site infections?	04 / 2021 - 11 / 2021
Microbial spectrum of SSI	What is the microbial spectrum of Surgical site infections?	04 / 2021 - 11 / 2021
Post-operative mortality	What is the postoperative mortality of all patients included in the study during hospitalisation for a maximum of 30 days after surgery?	04 / 2021 - 11 / 2021

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Christian Doll
• Collaborators: Charite University, Berlin, Germany
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Christian Doll, Dr, Université Evangélique du Cameroun, Cameroon; Hôpital Protestant de Mbouo, Cameroon; Charité University Medical Centre Berlin, Germany; University Medical Centre Jena, Germany

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 26, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 4, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): February 4, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 17, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 17, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): August 24, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 16, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 15, 2022
• Last Verified: March 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Postoperative Complications; Wounds and Injuries; Disease Attributes; Infections; Communicable Diseases; Surgical Wound; Surgical Wound Infection; Wound Infection
• Other Study ID Numbers: SSI Mbouo

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED
• IPD Plan Description: After the end of the study, IPD may be shared on request by other researchers

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No