Robot-assisted vs. Open Nipple-sparing Mastectomy With Immediate Breast Reconstruction (ROM)

November 22, 2023 updated by: Yonsei University

A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial: Robot-assisted vs. Open Nipple-sparing Mastectomy With Immediate Breast Reconstruction (ROM) Trial

the purpose of the study: It provides the highest level of evidence ever studied on the use of robotic surgical systems during breast surgery for breast cancer treatment, and aims to reveal the clinical significance of successive breast reconstruction(immediate breast reconstruction, IBR) at the same time as Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (RNSM)

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

  • Background: Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (RNSM) has emerged for breast cancer treatment and for risk reducing mastectomy in women who have high risk of pathogenic variants. Even though several studies have reported that RNSM is a feasible procedure, some argue that RNSM is only performed by several specialized surgeons and there is only limited data reporting about the oncologic outcomes and patient reported outcomes (PRO). Recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration and several surgeons have warned that robot breast surgery should be performed only by specialized surgeons and the benefits, risks, and alternatives of all available treatment options should be discussed with patients to make the most informed treatment decision. The Korea Robot-Endoscopy Minimal Access Breast Surgery Study Group (KoREa-BSG) has been established to evaluate, standardize, and teach this cutting-edge procedure. We designed a prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial evaluating oncologic outcomes of RNSM with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) compared to open conventional NSM (CNSM) with IBR, which is Robot vs. Open nipple-sparing Mastectomy trial (ROM trial).
  • Detail description: This study is a multi-organ randomized clinical trial that evaluates oncological results of RNSM compared to Conventional Nipple Sparing Mastectomy (CNSM).

Retrospective studies on robot-endoscopic surgery have shown that beginners are technically feasible and reliable with a short learning curve.

However, the absence of a well-organized randomized trial remains a major limitation in expanding robotic surgery in breast surgery worldwide, so in this study, we designed a prospective multi-organ randomized trial 'Robot-to-Open Nipple Preservation Mastectomy Clinical Trial' compared to CNSM for oncological results after RNSM and IBR.

  • Data collection: Collections of clinical pathological factors include height, weight, breast volume/weight, age, germline likely pathogenic/pathogenic mutation, affected breast, bilateral surgery, breast ptosis, Tumor size, TNM stage, histological grade, histological type, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor (HER), Ki67 levels, nipple invasion status, adjuvant/neoplastic treatment status, and postoperative complications by clavien-Dindo classification, surgical time, border invasion, postoperative drainage/period, RRM performance, reconstruction type, patient's pre-surgical recurrence status, medical cost data, and follow-up data.
  • Subject satisfaction assessment: After 3 to 12 months (+-30 days) of final surgery, the subject was surveyed to evaluate satisfaction with robotic surgery. Follow the BREAST-Q Korean questionnaire for evaluation.
  • Cost effectiveness evaluation according to surgical method (option): The cost effectiveness of robotic surgery is evaluated by surveying the subject 3 to 12 months after the final surgery (+-30 days). Follow the EQ5D Korean.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

790

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

  • Name: Hyung Seok Park, MD, PhD
  • Phone Number: 82-10-6760-2974
  • Email: imgenius@yuhs.ac

Study Locations

  • Korea, Republic of
      • Changwon, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Samsung Changwon Medical Center
        • Contact:
      • Daegu, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital
        • Contact:
      • Daegu, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital
        • Contact:
          • Jeeyeon Lee, MD, PhD
          • Phone Number: 82-10-5134-0001
          • Email: j.lee@knu.ac.kr
      • Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Myongji Hospital
        • Contact:
      • Incheon, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital
        • Contact:
      • Pusan, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Kosin University Gospel Hospital
        • Contact:
      • Sejong, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital
        • Contact:
      • Seoul, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Asan Medical Center
        • Contact:
      • Seoul, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Seoul National University Hospital
        • Contact:
      • Seoul, Korea, Republic of
        • Recruiting
        • Yonsei University Health System, Severance Hospital
        • Contact:
          • Hyung Seok Park, MD, PhD
          • Phone Number: 82-10-6760-2974
          • Email: imgenius@yuhs.ac
      • Seoul, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Samsung Medical Center
        • Contact:
      • Seoul, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Korea University Anam Hospital
        • Contact:
      • Seoul, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Gangnam Severance Hospital
        • Contact:
          • Sung Gwe Ahn, M.D, Ph.D
          • Phone Number: 82-10-9948-0247
          • Email: ASG2004@yuhs.ac
      • Yongin-si, Korea, Republic of
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Yongin Severance Hospital
        • Contact:
          • Joo Heung Kim, M.D.
          • Phone Number: 82-10-7203-1555
          • Email: PIANAC@yuhs.ac

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

19 years to 70 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adult women over the age of 19 with breast cancer scheduled for therapeutic mastectomy and who want immediate reconstruction
  • Stage 0-III breast cancer at initial evaluations
  • ECOG performance status of 0 or 1

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients planned for breast-conserving surgery or who are not candidates for IBR are excluded.
  • Clinical evidence for nipple or skin involvement of tumors in preoperative evaluations
  • A pregnant or lactating woman
  • Only tumors with lobular carcinoma in situ
  • Mammary Paget's disease
  • Inflammatory breast cancer
  • Male breast cancer
  • Stage IIIB-IV disease at initial presentation
  • Women with breast Cup E or higher
  • Previous history of breast cancer (metachronous breast cancer)
  • Previous history of non-mammary malignant disease excluding non-melanoma skin cancer or thyroid papillary/follicular cancer
  • Special type cancer (phyllodes tumor, sarcoma, and lymphoma)
  • Age > 70
  • ASA, grade 4 or higher
  • Patients who do not have the ability to give informed consent
  • Previous thoracic radiation history
  • Patients who have not been tested for hepatitis before surgery (HBV, HCV) and HIV (compensation insurance policy)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: robot assisted nipple sparing mastectomy(RNSM)
Robotic nipple sparing mastectomy, robotic mastectomy, hybrid robotic nipple sparing mastectomy, robotic nipple mammary complex and skin sparing mastectomy, robot nipple sparing mastectomy
Procedure: robot assisted nipple sparing mastectomy(RNSM)

Patients receiving RNSM and IBR are enrolled in this group. The RNSM is performed using a robotic surgical system.

The robotic surgical system includes da Vinci S, Si, X, Xi, and SP Systems. An armpit or lateral chest incision is used in this surgical procedure. A lateral chest incision is used. Posterior flow tissue collection is recommended for frozen segment biopsy during surgery. If a suspected lesion is observed on the superficial or posterior interface during surgery, a frozen section for that lesion. Biopsy is recommended. For NAC, superficial edges, and/or posterior edges in frozen intercept biopsy, If tumor invasion is identified, additional resection or postoperative radiotherapy, including skin and NAC, should be considered do. In IBR, tissue extensor insertion, prosthesis insertion, photolateral sheath, transverse abdominal rectangular sheath, or deep lower abdominal perforated vessels. The skin plate is applicable.
Active Comparator: Conventional nipple sparing mastectomy(CNSM)
Total mastectomy, mastectomy, nipple sparing mastectomy, skin sparing mastectomy, nipple sparing breast resection, open nipple sparing mastectomy, general nipple sparing Mammastectomy, an open-window nipple sparing mastectomy
Procedure: Conventional nipple sparing mastectomy(CNSM)

Patients who receive CNSM and IBR are enrolled in this group. CNSM uses a robot or endoscopic surgical system Do not travel. All kinds of skin incisions can be performed in this technique. It is recommended to collect posterior mammary gland tissue for frozen segment biopsy during surgery. If a lesion suspected of tumor invasion is observed at the edge of the surface or posterior edge during surgery, a freeze-intercept biopsy is recommended for that lesion.

If a frozen segment biopsy identifies invasion of tumors on NAC, superficial edges, and/or posterior edges, further resection or postoperative radiotherapy, including skin and NAC, is considered.

In IBR, tissue extensor insertion, prosthesis insertion, photomultiplier sheath, transverse rectangular sheath, or deep lower abdominal perforated vessels.

It includes a sheath. It is excluded if there is no IBR.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
5-year disease-free survival rate(DFS)
Time Frame: The DFS period is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)

Events of disease-free survival (DFS) include local outbreaks, local recurrence, remote recurrence, opposite breast cancer and all-cause mortality.

Local relapses include recurrence of the east breast or chest muscles, recurrence of the east chest wall, and recurrence of the east axillary lymph nodes, recurrence of the east subclavicular/clavicular lymph nodes, and recurrence of the east internal mammary lymph nodes.

Events of local recurrence and opposite breast cancer include intraepithelial carcinoma.

Using the stratification factor(proportional hazards models: organ and staging), find the Hazard ratio and the 95% confidence interval. If the upper limit of the confidence interval is less than the non-inferior limit, it is evaluated as non-inferior.
The DFS period is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Five-year overall survival (OS) rates
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Event of OS is death with any cause. OS time is calculated using months between the operation date to the event date.
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Five-year breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) rates
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Event of BCSS only includes death related to breast cancer. Death related to causes other than breast cancer is censored
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Five-year distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) rates
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Event of DRFS includes distant recurrence as the first event. Locoregional recurrence and contra-lateral breast cancer are censored.
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Five-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Event of LRFS includes local recurrence and regional recurrence as the first event. Distant recurrence and contra-lateral breast cancer are censored.
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Five-year nipple recurrence (NR) rates
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Event of NR only includes recurrence in the NAC as the first event. Ipsilateral in-breast or pectoralis muscle recurrence, ipsilateral chest wall recurrence, ipsilateral regional recurrence, contralateral breast cancer, and distant recurrence are censored.
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Margin positive rates
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Turmo involvement of NAC, superficial, posterior, or circumferential margins, which is confirmed in final permanent pathology after the definitive surgery, are considered to be margin positive. Margin positive rates will be analyzed.
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Open conversion rate (RNSM arm only)
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Open conversion of RNSM to CNSM during surgery in the RNSM group is analyzed. The reason of open conversion is documented.
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Operation time
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Total operation time including mastectomy and reconstruction time. Each operation time will be collected.
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Postoperative complication rates in postoperative 30 days
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)

Postoperative complication rates are calculated as a total number of occurences of postoperative complications per total patients in each group. Number of postoperative complications per person is also assessed. Number of postoperative complication ≧ grade III per person is measured. NAC necrosis rates will be analyzed.

Estimation of postoperative complications rates in 30 days With a sample size of 790 (710 excluding 10% loss of follow up), it has at least 80% power to detect various assumptions of complication rates with a non-inferiority margin of 7.5% between the open and robotic arms. The 30-day complication rate for the open arm is assumed to be between 25-50% , the corresponding maximum 30-day complication rates for the robotic arm to conclude non-inferiority are provided in table 6. These will be analyzed as secondary endpoints.
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Clavien-Dindo grade of postoperative complications in postoperative 180 days
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Clavien-Dindo grade of postoperative complications is evaluated. Postoperative complication ≧ grade III including flap or implant loss are assessed for the analysis.
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Implant or graft (flap) loss rates within 1 year from surgery
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Patient reported outcomes in postoperative 3 - 12 months from the definitive surgery (patient satisfaction)
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Mastectomy Module Pre-and Postoperative Scales Satisfaction with Breasts assessed by BREAST-Q version 2.0. Higher scores reflect a better outcome.
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Surgeon's satisfaction in postoperative 3 month to 1 year
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Satisfaction of surgery assessed by Surgeon(s) Overall symmetry, postoperative scar, and NAC symmetry are measured using scoring system 0-10. The higher scores are, the better an outcome is.
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Cost-effectiveness in postoperative 3 month to 1 year
Time Frame: secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)
Cost-effectiveness evaluation according to the surgical method, by conducting a questionnaire survey on the subject 6 months to 1 year after the last surgery. Evaluation follows the EuroQol five-dimension scale (EQ5D) Korean version questionnaire. In all scales, higher scores reflect a better outcome.
secondary outcome is calculated from the date of surgery to the time the first event occurs, or if the event is not reported on the last follow-up date.(After 5 years of follow-up observation of subject registration)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Yonsei University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Hyung Seok Park, MD, PhD, Yonsei University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 26, 2022

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2030

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2030

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 3, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 3, 2022

First Posted (Actual)

August 5, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

November 28, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 22, 2023

Last Verified

November 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 4-2022-0600

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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