Effect of Percussion Massage on Hamstring Flexibility

Comparison of Acute Effects of Percussion Massage Therapy and Static Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility

Background and aim: Percussion massage, which is one of the applications to increase muscle flexibility, is a method that combines vibration and massage therapy elements. With its popularity in recent years, it is offered as an alternative to traditional methods that increase flexibility. The aim of this study is to examine the acute effect of percussion massage and static stretching exercise on hamstring flexibility.

Method: Individuals with active knee extension angle limited to at least 15 degree were included in the study, which was designed as a cross-over. Active Knee Extension test and Sit and Reach Test were performed before and after the interventions for the evaluation of hamstring flexibility. Participants were divided into 3 groups as percussion massage, static stretching and control groups, interventions were made with 3 days intervals and control measurements were taken.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Massage; Manual Therapies; Hamstring Flexibility
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: percussion massage; Procedure: static stretching

Detailed Description

Active knee extansion test: In this test, which is used to evaluate hamstring flexibility in the sitting position, the participant was asked to sit on the edge of the bed and the hip-knee flexion angle was adjusted to 90 degree. For the measurement of active knee extension degree, a double-arm universal goniometer (Baseline Stainless Steel Goniometer; Fabrication Enterprises Inc., Elmsford, NY, USA) was placed on the lateral condyle of the femur and the participant was told to actively extend the knee to full extension. The angle at the end point of the movement was recorded.

sit and reach test: While sitting in a long sitting position with their knees straight and their bodies upright, the participants were asked to touch the soles of their bare feet to the assessment table. In this position, they were told to reach as far as they could reach on the coffee table with their elbows straight and palms facing the floor. By measuring the distance between the fingertip and the coffee table, those who could reach the table received "0" values, those who could reach beyond the table (+) cm and those who could not reach (-) cm. The best value after two measurements was recorded.

Static stretching procedure: For the static stretching exercise, the participant was asked to lie down in the supine position. The investigator had the dominant side passively flexed the hip to 90 degree, extending the knee to the end that could be tolerated. At the last point, it was waited for 30 seconds and then the hamstring muscle was relaxed and rested for 30 seconds. A total of 5 minutes of application was completed by doing 5 repetitions with 30 seconds of static stretching and 30 seconds of rest in each period.

percussion massage procedure: Hypervolt (Hyperice, California, US) device was applied to the dominant hamstring muscle for 5 minutes at 53 Hz frequency with the "hard ball" head. Semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles were focused in the first 2.5 minutes of the massage treatment, and the biceps femoris muscle in the second 2.5 minutes. By paying attention to the equal amount of pressure applied throughout the massage, the massage was started from the medial side of the muscle in the first part of the application and the massage was completed by moving the device from distal to proximal and from proximal to distal in a straight line within 20 seconds. While passing to the last 2.5 minutes, the massage device was shifted laterally at the distal end of the muscle, and the application was made from distal to proximal and then distally. Thus, the massage for each muscle was started from the medial and ended laterally.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 54
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Isparta, Turkey, 32100
    • Faculty of Health Sciences

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years to 23 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

-Active knee extension limited to at least 15 degrees

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having a hamstring injury in the past two years
• Having neurological problems in the lower extremity and lumbar region
• participate in a similar study within the past year

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: control group; no intervention
Active Comparator: percussion massage group; Applying the hypervolt device to the hamstring muscle with the hard ball head for 5 minutes	Procedure: percussion massage; percussion massage to the dominant leg hamstring muscle for 5 minutes; Other Names: vibration massage
Active Comparator: static stretching group; Static stretching of the hamstring muscle for 5 minutes	Procedure: static stretching; Static stretching to the dominant hamstring muscle for 5 minutes

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
knee range of motion measurement	measurement of maximum knee extension angle in sitting position	2 minutes
hamstring flexibility measurement	Evaluation of the flexibility of the hamstring muscle in the long sitting position	2 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Suleyman Demirel University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Pinar Yasar, MsC, Suleyman Demirel University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 31, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): May 31, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 27, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 2, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): November 7, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 7, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 2, 2022
• Last Verified: November 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: massage; hamstring muscles; static stretching; flexibilty
• Other Study ID Numbers: 72867572-050.01.04-31

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No