A Mobile App Based Cognitive Dissonance Intervention for Smoking Cessation (Support2Quit)

This research study aims to develop a cognitive dissonance-based mobile app for smoking cessation (Support2Quit) and test the efficacy of the app with 500 adult smokers who express a desire to quit smoking.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Tobacco Use
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Tips for Smoking Cessation App; Behavioral: Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation + Smoking Cessation Tips

Detailed Description

This research project will evaluate the Support2Quit mobile app for smoking cessation by having 500 daily adult smokers recruited through social media and randomized to either the Support2Quit app or an app that has similar content but no tasks for inducing cognitive dissonance among participants. Outcomes will be measured at 1- and 3-months post-baseline and will include quit attempts, number of days without smoking (smoke free days), and changes in smoking attitudes and behavior, and smoking abstinence. Usability data, system log data on program use, and participant satisfaction data will also be analyzed.

The researchers hypothesize that individuals using the cognitive dissonance intervention (CDI) will show greater increases in quit attempts, smoke free days, quit rates, and positive smoking attitudes and behaviors than individuals in the active comparison condition. The researchers will test whether gender, smoking dependence, readiness to quit, previous quit attempts, age of smoking initiation, and socio-economic status moderate intervention effects on smoking outcomes.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 437
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Oregon
    • Springfield, Oregon, United States, 97477-2019
      • Oregon Research Behavioral Intervention Strategies, Inc.

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 or older
• Self-reported daily smoking
• Having a valid home mailing address in the United States
• English-speaking
• Access to a smart phone with video capability for the duration of the project
• Expressed desire to quit smoking

Exclusion criteria:

• Currently participating in a tobacco cessation program

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Comparison App - Smoking Cessation Support without Cognitive Dissonance Activities; This group will use an app that consists of tips for quitting cigarettes but does not include the cognitive dissonance component.	Behavioral: Tips for Smoking Cessation App; App containing daily tips for smoking cessation
Experimental: Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation; This group will receive daily smoking cessation tips and will be asked to complete activities within the app that are designed to induce cognitive dissonance, create and share videos related to the activities with an online group, and provide support to other group members	Behavioral: Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation + Smoking Cessation Tips; Support2Quit App (Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation) Use of the Support2Quit app, completion of cognitive dissonance activities, sharing of videos with online group, and providing support to other group members

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With Cigarette Abstinence	Based on 1-item that asked "In the past 7 days, have you smoked any cigarettes?". The variable is coded 1 if they the participants indicated they did not smoke any cigarettes otherwise coded 0. A value of 1 = abstinence and 0 = not abstinent.	1-month and 3-month follow-up
Fagerstrom Tobacco Dependence Scale	This is a 6 item measure of tobacco dependence and response options are a mix of ordered categorical and dichotomous items. Item 1 "How many cigarettes per day to you smoke?" (0 = less than 10 cigarettes a day, 3 = 31 or more cigarettes a day). Item 2 "How soon after you wake do you smoke your first cigarette (0 = after 60 minutes, 3 = within 5 minutes). Item 3 "Is it hard to keep from smoking in places where it is prohibited (1 = yes, 0 = no). Item 4 "Which cigarette would you hate to give up most (1 = the first in the morning, 0 = any other). Item 5 "Do you smoke more cigarettes during the first 2 hours of the day compared to the rest of the day (1 = yes, 0 = no). Item 6 "Do you smoke when you are so ill you are in bed?" (1 = yes, 0 = no). A total sum score is computed and can range from 0 to 10 points with higher scores indicating higher levels of tobacco dependence.	Baseline, 1-month follow-up, 3-month follow-up
Number of Participants With Reduction in Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day	Represents whether or not (1 = yes, 0 = no) a reduction of cigarettes smoked per day is reported from the baseline assessment. A higher score indicates a reduction in cigarettes smoked.	1-month and 3-month follow-up
Number of Participants With Reduction in the Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day and Reduced to 0-5 Cigarettes	Represents whether or not (1 = yes, 0 = no) a reduction of cigarettes smoked per day is reported from the baseline assessment and is the number of daily cigarettes in 0-5 per day. A higher score indicates a reduction in cigarettes smoked per day and the number smoked is 5 or less.	1-month and 3-month follow-up

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Program Engagement	This measure will assess usage of CoQuit app.	1-month, 3-month
Consumer Satisfaction and Program Evaluation	The measure will assess the perceived ease of using the app and perceived benefit of the app. Some items will use a 7 point Likert scale to assess satisfaction with the mobile app and usability function of the app.	3-month

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Oregon Research Behavioral Intervention Strategies, Inc.
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Dana Smith, PhD, Oregon Research Behavioral Intervention Strategies, Inc.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 1, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 15, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): March 15, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 9, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 21, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): April 4, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 24, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 11, 2025
• Last Verified: November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavior; Tobacco Use; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Vascular Surgical Procedures; Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures; Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical; Anastomosis, Surgical; Vascular Grafting; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic
• Other Study ID Numbers: DP006495-02

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No