Energy Deficiency and Athletic Performance

January 22, 2024 updated by: Aysenur Erekdag, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa (IUC)

Does a Modified Training Program Affect Energy Deficiency and Sportive Performance?

Energy availability (EA) refers to the balance between daily energy intake and exercise energy expenditure. Athletically inadequate EA is defined as low energy availability (LEA). Energy deficits occur throughout life, from young athletes with a relative lack of energy in sports or the female athlete triad to older adults struggling with weight loss. Acute and/or chronic LEA can cause negative athletic and health outcomes in athletes.

It is known that LEA, as an energy saving mechanism, suppresses the reproductive system and causes disruption of the menstrual cycle, as well as causing many interrelated endocrine-related physiological consequences by changing other hormonal pathways. Menstrual dysfunction due to LEA causes various risks as it can disrupt the EC during training and competition. Therefore, low EA may contribute to poor sports performance due to detrimental endocrine effects.

Various parameters such as body mass and nutritional intake affect the performance of athletes, and LEA is frequently reported among athletes with intense training programs. LEA combined with high training volumes; It can cause negative consequences such as impaired protein synthesis/degradation rate, impaired hormonal and training response, increased risk of fatigue, and these can lead to decreased performance. Resting metabolic rate, which indicates the energy expended for basic body functions, is considered a potential objective indicator of energy availability.

Regulation of dietary energy intake in the management of LEA in athletes covers a wide area in the literature. However, LEA is caused not only by a deficiency in energy intake but also by an excess in energy expenditure. In the light of this information, the aim of the study is to examine the acute period effects of the training program in which exercise energy expenditure is reduced in terms of energy availability and athletic performance.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Voluntary participants who have been diagnosed with energy deficiency will be included in the study. Signed voluntary consent will be obtained from participants. Participants will be divided into two groups. Study groups will be as follows: a) Modified Training, b) Routine Training.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

78

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Istanbul, Turkey, 34093
        • Bezmialem Vakif University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 18- 35 years old female gender
  • Body mass index being less than 18.50-24.99 kg/m2
  • Having a energy deficiency
  • Been interested in basketball professionally for at least one year
  • Must be training with the team at least 3 days a week
  • Performance levels should be 3-4

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having a history of any fracture in the last year
  • Having had a sports injury in the last 8 months
  • Having had an infectious disease in the last 6 months being a smoker
  • Getting 2 or more points from the SCOFF survey
  • Having been using any medication regularly for the last 6 months

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Modified Training Group
It is a training program that will be carried out under the supervision of a physiotherapist. There will be 3-minute breaks between sets. A training program will be applied to the athletes based on revising the training program they use in their routine with eccentric contractions.
Other: Modified Training Programme
Eccentric muscle contractions and 3-minute rest breaks will be used.
Active Comparator: Routine Training Group
The training program that the athlete uses in her normal routine will be implemented under the supervision of a physiotherapist.
Other: Routine Training Programme
A routine training program will be used.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Energy Availability
Time Frame: change from baseline pain at 2 weeks

The underlying etiology of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports is low energy availability, which occurs when dietary energy intake is inadequate for an athlete's physical activity level.

"Energy availability = Energy Intake (kcal) - Exercise Energy Expenditure (kcal/fat - free mass [fat free mass; kg])"
change from baseline pain at 2 weeks
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports Clinical Assessment Tool (RED-S CAT)
Time Frame: 3 times for 2 weeks
It is a clinical assessment tool used to evaluate athletes or active individuals with suspected low energy availability and serves as a guide for clinicians and coaches in return-to-play decisions.
3 times for 2 weeks
Running Performance Analysis - Biomechanics
Time Frame: 3 times for 2 weeks
Performance analysis will be performed on a 10-meter platform with DigitSole in order to evaluate the biomechanics.
3 times for 2 weeks
Running Performance Analysis - Running Speed
Time Frame: 3 times for 2 weeks
Performance analysis will be performed on a 10-meter platform with DigitSole in order to evaluate the running speed.
3 times for 2 weeks
Running Performance Analysis - Economy of the Running
Time Frame: 3 times for 2 weeks
Performance analysis will be performed on a 10-meter platform with DigitSole in order to evaluate the economy of the athlete's running activity.
3 times for 2 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Levels
Time Frame: 3 times for 2 weeks
Low energy availability is a condition that suppresses and disrupts hormonal function.
3 times for 2 weeks
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Levels
Time Frame: 3 times for 2 weeks
Low energy availability is a condition that suppresses and disrupts hormonal function.
3 times for 2 weeks
thyroid stimulating Hormone Levels
Time Frame: 3 times for 2 weeks
Low energy availability is a condition that suppresses and disrupts hormonal function.
3 times for 2 weeks
Luteinizing Hormone Levels
Time Frame: 3 times for 2 weeks
Low energy availability is a condition that suppresses and disrupts hormonal function.
3 times for 2 weeks
Follicle-stimulating Hormone Levels
Time Frame: 3 times for 2 weeks
Low energy availability is a condition that suppresses and disrupts hormonal function.
3 times for 2 weeks
Vertical Jump
Time Frame: 3 times for 2 weeks
The athlete will be positioned in a standing vertical position, with his feet shoulder-width apart. The athlete will reach the highest point he can in the vertec and this point will be considered the zero point. It will be asked to jump 3 times on a force plate to the highest level it can jump and the highest value will be recorded.
3 times for 2 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa (IUC)

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

June 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2025

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 11, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 22, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

January 23, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 23, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 22, 2024

Last Verified

January 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 4203*929*

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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