- ICH GCP
- 미국 임상 시험 레지스트리
- 임상시험 NCT00000487
관상동맥심장질환(MRFIT) 예방을 위한 다중 위험 인자 개입 임상시험
연구 개요
상세 설명
배경:
지난 40년 동안 미국의 많은 인구를 대상으로 한 전향적 역학 연구의 연구 결과는 높은 혈중 콜레스테롤, 높은 혈압 및 흡연이 심근 경색, 급사, 관상 동맥 심장 질환으로 사망. 이것들은 CHD의 조기 발병과 관련된 유일한 위험 요소는 아니지만, 이러한 요인들은 수정 가능하며 이러한 요인의 감소가 조기 심장마비의 발병률을 감소시키는 유익한 결과를 가져야 한다는 강한 기대를 제공합니다.
위험 요인 감소에 대한 다중 요소 접근법은 의사가 환자를 치료할 때 수행하는 개입 유형과 매우 유사합니다. 그러한 시험에 대한 일반적인 개념은 1970년 연구소에 제출한 보고서에서 동맥경화 태스크포스(Arteriosclerosis Task Force)에 의해 승인되었습니다.
1973년 11월에 시작하여 1976년 2월 28일까지 완료한 일련의 세 번의 선별 방문을 통해 자원 봉사자들이 재판에 선정되었습니다. 첫 번째 스크리닝에서 본 361,662명의 남성 중 12,866명이 자격이 있는 것으로 확인되어 임상시험에 무작위로 배정되었습니다. 참가자의 절반은 특별 개입 그룹에, 나머지 절반은 일반적인 치료 그룹에 배정되었습니다. 특별 개입 그룹은 칼로리의 30~35%를 지방에서, 10(나중에 8)%는 포화지방, 10%는 고도불포화지방으로 섭취하도록 고안된 식습관을 따르도록 권고받았습니다. 약 300(이후 250)mg의 콜레스테롤; 개별 요구 사항에 따라 필요에 따라 탄수화물을 수정합니다. 이 그룹은 또한 상담 및 시청각 지원을 포함한 기술의 조합으로 담배를 끊도록 권장되었습니다. 고혈압 관리는 고혈압 감지 및 추적 프로그램에서 사용된 것과 유사한 체중 감소 및 약물의 단계적 관리 프로그램을 기반으로 합니다. 일반적인 치료 그룹에 속한 사람들은 이러한 제공자가 적절하다고 생각하는 위험 요소 관리를 위해 개인 의사 또는 기타 치료 소스에 의뢰되었습니다. 1차 종점은 관상동맥 심장질환으로 인한 사망이었다. 특별 개입 그룹과 일반 치료 그룹 모두의 남성이 매년 위험 요인 수준의 변화를 평가하기 위해 돌아왔습니다. 병력을 채취하고 신체 검사를 실시했습니다. 추가적인 종점으로서 치명적이지 않은 심근 경색을 식별하기 위해 집중 판독을 위해 심전도도 획득했습니다.
이 연구에는 미국 전역의 22개 임상 센터, 조정 센터, 중앙 실험실, 2개의 ECG 판독 센터, 지질 표준화 실험실 및 약물 유통 센터가 참여했습니다. 1982년 9월에 발표된 주요 사망 결과와 함께 실험이 종료되었습니다. 활동적인 후속 조치는 1982년 2월 28일에 예정대로 종료되었으며 연구 인구의 99.6%에 대해 해당 날짜를 기준으로 활력 상태가 최종 결정되었습니다.
디자인 내러티브:
두 그룹과 고정된 표본 크기를 가진 무작위 비맹검 설계. 실험군은 지방 조절 식이요법, 항고혈압제 치료, 생활습관 및 흡연 관련 교육을 받았다. 대조군에 속한 사람들은 치료를 위해 자신의 의사에게 의뢰되었습니다.
1982년 2월 적극적인 개입이 끝날 때까지 생존한 12,300명의 참가자에 대한 재판 후 사망 감시는 보조금 지원(R01HL43232)으로 1998년 6월까지 계속되었습니다. MRFIT를 위해 선별된 361,662명의 남성에 대한 사망 감시를 위한 국가 사망 지수의 사용은 보조금 지원(R01HL28715) 하에 1998년 7월까지 계속되었습니다. 최근 분석은 시험 후 사망률과 시험 기간 동안 나트륨과 같은 식이 요인의 관계에 초점을 맞춥니다. 당뇨병의 추가 예측 인자에 대한 논문이 진행 중입니다. 심혈관 질환 이환율 및 사망 위험 지표; 및 좌심실 비대 및 허혈 지표 변화의 예후적 중요성.
연구 유형
단계
- 3단계
참여기준
자격 기준
공부할 수 있는 나이
건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다
연구 대상 성별
설명
남성, 35-57세. 고혈압, 고콜레스테롤혈증 및 흡연의 세 가지 위험 요소 중 하나 이상.
관상 동맥 심장 질환이 없습니다.
공부 계획
연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?
디자인 세부사항
- 주 목적: 방지
- 할당: 무작위
공동 작업자 및 조사자
수사관
- Marcus Kjelsberg, University of Minnesota
간행물 및 유용한 링크
일반 간행물
- Stamler J, Paul O, Berkson DM, et al: The New National Cooperative Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (Heart Attack Prevention Program). Chicago Medicine, 76:1047-1048, 1973.
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- Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Group: Public Annual Report, Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial, June 30, l974 to July l, l975. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 76-l000, August, l975.
- Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Group: Smoking Cessation Activities in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: A Preliminary Report.J. Steinfeld et al (Eds). Smoking & Health: Proceedings of the Third World Conference on Smoking and Health, June 2-5, l975, II Health Consequences, Education, Cessation Activities, and Social Action, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., l976, 6l3-6l7.
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- Remmell PS, Gorder DD, Hall Y, Tillotson JL. Assessing dietary adherence in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). I. Use of a dietary monitoring tool. J Am Diet Assoc. 1980 Apr;76(4):351-6.
- Remmell PS, Benfari RC. Assessing dietary adherence in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). II. Food record rating as an indicator of compliance. J Am Diet Assoc. 1980 Apr;76(4):357-60.
- Tillotson JL, Gorder DD, Kassim N. Nutrition data collection in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Baseline nutrient intake of a randomized population. J Am Diet Assoc. 1981 Mar;78(3):235-40.
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- Benfari RC. The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). III. The model for intervention. Prev Med. 1981 Jul;10(4):426-42. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(81)90059-1. No abstract available.
- Caggiula AW, Christakis G, Farrand M, Hulley SB, Johnson R, Lasser NL, Stamler J, Widdowson G. The multiple risk intervention trial (MRFIT). IV. Intervention on blood lipids. Prev Med. 1981 Jul;10(4):443-75. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(81)90060-8. No abstract available.
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- Neaton JD, Broste S, Cohen L, Fishman EL, Kjelsberg MO, Schoenberger J. The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). VII. A comparison of risk factor changes between the two study groups. Prev Med. 1981 Jul;10(4):519-43. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(81)90063-3. No abstract available.
- Benfari RC, Sherwin R. The multiple risk factor intervention trial after 4 years: a summing-up. Prev Med. 1981 Jul;10(4):544-6. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(81)90064-5. No abstract available.
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- Hymowitz N: The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: A Four Year Evaluation. Int J Ment Health, 11:44-67, 1982.
- Ockene JK, Hymowitz N, Sexton M, Broste SK. Comparison of patterns of smoking behavior change among smokers in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Prev Med. 1982 Nov;11(6):621-38. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(82)90025-1. No abstract available.
- Schoenenberger JC. Smoking change in relation to changes in blood pressure, weight, and cholesterol. Prev Med. 1982 Jul;11(4):441-53. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(82)90047-0. No abstract available.
- Wentworth DN, Neaton JD, Rasmussen WL. An evaluation of the Social Security Administration master beneficiary record file and the National Death Index in the ascertainment of vital status. Am J Public Health. 1983 Nov;73(11):1270-4. doi: 10.2105/ajph.73.11.1270.
- Sherwin R. Sudden death in men with increased risk of myocardial infarction. The MRFIT Programme. Drugs. 1984 Oct;28 Suppl 1:46-53. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198400281-00005.
- Shekelle RB, Caggiula AW, Grimm RH: Diuretic Treatment of Hypertension and Changes in Plasma Lipids Over Six Years in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. In Hegyeli RJ (Ed): Atherosclerosis Review. New York, Raven, p. 113-127, 1984.
- Neaton JD, Kuller LH, Wentworth D, Borhani NO. Total and cardiovascular mortality in relation to cigarette smoking, serum cholesterol concentration, and diastolic blood pressure among black and white males followed up for five years. Am Heart J. 1984 Sep;108(3 Pt 2):759-69. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(84)90669-0.
- Kuller L: Risk Factor Reduction in CHD. Modern Concepts of Cardiovascular Disease, 53:7-11, 1984.
- Lasser NL, Grandits G, Caggiula AW, Cutler JA, Grimm RH Jr, Kuller LH, Sherwin RW, Stamler J. Effects of antihypertensive therapy on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Med. 1984 Feb 27;76(2A):52-66. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(84)90957-4.
- Connett JE, Stamler J. Responses of black and white males to the special intervention program of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am Heart J. 1984 Sep;108(3 Pt 2):839-48. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(84)90680-x.
- Shekelle R: Diuretic Treatment of Hypertension and Changes in Plasma Lipids Over Six Years in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. In Paoletti R, et al (Eds): Endpoints for Cardiovascular Drug Studies. New York, Raven, p. 216, 1984.
- Leon AS, Connett J, Jacobs DR, et al: Relation of Leisure Time Physical Activity to Mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Circulation, 70 (Suppl 2) II-644, 1984.
- Baseline rest electrocardiographic abnormalities, antihypertensive treatment, and mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Am J Cardiol. 1985 Jan 1;55(1):1-15. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(85)90290-5.
- Grimm RH Jr, Cohen JD, Smith WM, Falvo-Gerard L, Neaton JD. Hypertension management in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Six-year intervention results for men in special intervention and usual care groups. Arch Intern Med. 1985 Jul;145(7):1191-9.
- Exercise electrocardiogram and coronary heart disease mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Am J Cardiol. 1985 Jan 1;55(1):16-24. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(85)90291-7.
- Grimm RH Jr, Neaton JD, Ludwig W. Prognostic importance of the white blood cell count for coronary, cancer, and all-cause mortality. JAMA. 1985 Oct 11;254(14):1932-7.
- Grimm RH Jr, Neaton JD, McDonald M, Case J, McGill E, Allen R, Bailey-Hoffman G, Kousch D, Childs J, Hulley SB. Beneficial effects from systematic dosage reduction of the diuretic, chlorthalidone: a randomized study within a clinical trial. Am Heart J. 1985 Apr;109(4):858-64. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(85)90651-9.
- Cutler JA, Neaton JD, Hulley SB, Kuller L, Paul O, Stamler J. Coronary heart disease and all-causes mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: subgroup findings and comparisons with other trials. Prev Med. 1985 May;14(3):293-311. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(85)90058-1.
- Shekelle RB, Hulley SB, Neaton JD, Billings JH, Borhani NO, Gerace TA, Jacobs DR, Lasser NL, Mittlemark MB, Stamler J. The MRFIT behavior pattern study. II. Type A behavior and incidence of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Oct;122(4):559-70. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114135.
- Kuller L, Farrier N, Caggiula A, Borhani N, Dunkle S. Relationship of diuretic therapy and serum magnesium levels among participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Dec;122(6):1045-59. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114186.
- Stamler J: The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). In Hoffman H (Ed): Primary and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 8-33, 1985.
- Folsom AR, Hughes JR, Buehler JF, Mittelmark MB, Jacobs DR Jr, Grimm RH Jr. Do type A men drink more frequently than type B men? Findings in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). J Behav Med. 1985 Sep;8(3):227-35. doi: 10.1007/BF00870310.
- Watkins LO, Neaton JD, Kuller LH. Racial differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease incidence in the usual-care group of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Cardiol. 1986 Mar 1;57(8):538-45. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90831-3.
- Rautaharju PM, Prineas RJ, Eifler WJ, Furberg CD, Neaton JD, Crow RS, Stamler J, Cutler JA. Prognostic value of exercise electrocardiogram in men at high risk of future coronary heart disease: Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial experience. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986 Jul;8(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80084-5.
- Kannel WB, Neaton JD, Wentworth D, Thomas HE, Stamler J, Hulley SB, Kjelsberg MO. Overall and coronary heart disease mortality rates in relation to major risk factors in 325,348 men screened for the MRFIT. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am Heart J. 1986 Oct;112(4):825-36. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(86)90481-3.
- Stamler J, Wentworth D, Neaton JD. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA. 1986 Nov 28;256(20):2823-8.
- Stamler J, Wentworth D, Neaton JD. Prevalence and prognostic significance of hypercholesterolemia in men with hypertension. Prospective data on the primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Med. 1986 Feb 14;80(2A):33-9. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90158-0.
- Sherwin R: Diuretics, Serum Potassium and Mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). In Whelton T, et al (Eds): Potassium in Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, New York, Marcelle Decker, 293-303, 1986.
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- Dolecek TA, Milas NC, Van Horn LV, Farrand ME, Gorder DD, Duchene AG, Dyer JR, Stone PA, Randall BL. A long-term nutrition intervention experience: lipid responses and dietary adherence patterns in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. J Am Diet Assoc. 1986 Jun;86(6):752-8.
- Gorder DD, Dolecek TA, Coleman GG, Tillotson JL, Brown HB, Lenz-Litzow K, Bartsch GE, Grandits G. Dietary intake in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT): nutrient and food group changes over 6 years. J Am Diet Assoc. 1986 Jun;86(6):744-51.
- Crow RS, Rautaharju PM, Prineas RJ, Connett JE, Furberg C, Broste S, Stamler J. Risk factors, exercise fitness and electrocardiographic response to exercise in 12,866 men at high risk of symptomatic coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 1986 May 1;57(13):1075-82. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90677-6.
- Daniel-Gentry J, Dolecek TA, Caggiula AW, Van Horn LV, Epley L, Randall BL. Increasing the use of meatless meals: a nutrition intervention substudy in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). J Am Diet Assoc. 1986 Jun;86(6):778-81.
- Relationship between baseline risk factors and coronary heart disease and total mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Prev Med. 1986 May;15(3):254-73. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(86)90045-9.
- Coronary heart disease death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction and other clinical outcomes in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Am J Cardiol. 1986 Jul 1;58(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90232-8.
- Lasser NL, Lamb S, Dischinger P, Kirkpatrick K. Background and organization of quality control in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3 Suppl):1S-16S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90156-x. No abstract available.
- Widdowson GM, Kuehneman M, DuChene AG, Hulley SB, Cooper GR. Quality control of biochemical data in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: Central Laboratory. Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3 Suppl):17S-33S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90157-1.
- DuChene AG, Hultgren DH, Neaton JD, Grambsch PV, Broste SK, Aus BM, Rasmussen WL. Forms control and error detection procedures used at the Coordinating Center of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3 Suppl):34S-45S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90158-3.
- Rautaharju PM, Broste SK, Prineas RJ, Eifler WJ, Crow RS, Furberg CD. Quality control procedures for the resting electrocardiogram in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3 Suppl):46S-65S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90159-5. No abstract available.
- Tillotson JL, Gorder DD, DuChene AG, Grambsch PV, Wenz J. Quality control in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Nutrition Modality. Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3 Suppl):66S-90S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90160-1.
- Harrison HH, Morgan J. Quality control of screening procedures in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3 Suppl):91S-108S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90161-3. No abstract available.
- Kirkpatrick K. Clinic operation: quality control of data collection and follow-up procedures. Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3 Suppl):109S-25S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90162-5. No abstract available.
- Dischinger P, DuChene AG. Quality control aspects of blood pressure measurements in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3 Suppl):137S-57S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90164-9.
- Cooper GR, Haff AC, Widdowson GM, Bartsch GE, DuChene AG, Hulley SB. Quality control in the MRFIT local screening and clinic laboratory. Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3 Suppl):158S-65S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90165-0.
- Townsend MC, Morgan J, Durkin D, DuChene AG, Lamb S. Quality control aspects of pulmonary function testing in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3 Suppl):179S-92S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90167-4.
- Leon AS, Connett J, Jacobs DR Jr, Rauramaa R. Leisure-time physical activity levels and risk of coronary heart disease and death. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. JAMA. 1987 Nov 6;258(17):2388-95.
- Svendsen KH, Kuller LH, Martin MJ, Ockene JK. Effects of passive smoking in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Nov;126(5):783-95. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114715.
- Cauley JA, Gutai JP, Kuller LH, Dai WS. Usefulness of sex steroid hormone levels in predicting coronary artery disease in men. Am J Cardiol. 1987 Oct 1;60(10):771-7. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(87)91021-6.
- Cohen JD, Neaton JD, Prineas RJ, Daniels KA. Diuretics, serum potassium and ventricular arrhythmias in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Cardiol. 1987 Sep 1;60(7):548-54. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(87)90303-1.
- Ockene JK, Pechacek TF, Vogt T, Svendsen K. Does switching from cigarettes to pipes or cigars reduce tobacco smoke exposure? Am J Public Health. 1987 Nov;77(11):1412-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.77.11.1412.
- Neaton JD, Grimm RH Jr, Cutler JA. Recruitment of participants for the multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). Control Clin Trials. 1987 Dec;8(4 Suppl):41S-53S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(87)90006-7.
- Grimm RH Jr, Tillinghast S, Daniels K, Neaton JD, Mascioli S, Crow R, Pritzker M, Prineas RJ. Unrecognized myocardial infarction: experience in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Circulation. 1987 Mar;75(3 Pt 2):II6-8. No abstract available.
- Scherwitz L, Graham LE 2nd, Grandits G, Billings J. Speech characteristics and behavior-type assessment in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) structured interviews. J Behav Med. 1987 Apr;10(2):173-95. doi: 10.1007/BF00846425.
- Sherwin RW, Wentworth DN, Cutler JA, Hulley SB, Kuller LH, Stamler J. Serum cholesterol levels and cancer mortality in 361,662 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. JAMA. 1987 Feb 20;257(7):943-8.
- Rutan GH, Kuller LH, Neaton JD, Wentworth DN, McDonald RH, Smith WM. Mortality associated with diastolic hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Circulation. 1988 Mar;77(3):504-14. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.77.3.504.
- MacMahon S, Collins G, Rautaharju P, Cutler J, Neaton J, Prineas R, Crow R, Stamler J. Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and effects of antihypertensive drug therapy in hypertensive participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Cardiol. 1989 Jan 15;63(3):202-10. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(89)90286-5.
- Iso H, Jacobs DR Jr, Wentworth D, Neaton JD, Cohen JD. Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial. N Engl J Med. 1989 Apr 6;320(14):904-10. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198904063201405.
- Connett JE, Kuller LH, Kjelsberg MO, Polk BF, Collins G, Rider A, Hulley SB. Relationship between carotenoids and cancer. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) Study. Cancer. 1989 Jul 1;64(1):126-34. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19890701)64:13.0.co;2-h.
- Kuller LH, Ockene JK, Townsend M, Browner W, Meilahn E, Wentworth DN. The epidemiology of pulmonary function and COPD mortality in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Sep;140(3 Pt 2):S76-81. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/140.3_Pt_2.S76.
- Mortality rates after 10.5 years for participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Findings related to a priori hypotheses of the trial. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. JAMA. 1990 Apr 4;263(13):1795-801. doi: 10.1001/jama.1990.03440130083030. Erratum In: JAMA 1990 Jun 20;263(23):3151.
- Mortality after 10 1/2 years for hypertensive participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Circulation. 1990 Nov;82(5):1616-28. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.82.5.1616.
- Kuller LH, Ockene J, Meilahn E, Svendsen KH. Relation of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to lung cancer mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Aug;132(2):265-74. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115656.
- Ockene JK, Kuller LH, Svendsen KH, Meilahn E. The relationship of smoking cessation to coronary heart disease and lung cancer in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Am J Public Health. 1990 Aug;80(8):954-8. doi: 10.2105/ajph.80.8.954.
- Hollis JF, Connett JE, Stevens VJ, Greenlick MR. Stressful life events, Type A behavior, and the prediction of cardiovascular and total mortality over six years. MRFIT Group. J Behav Med. 1990 Jun;13(3):263-80. doi: 10.1007/BF00846834.
- Cutler JA, Grandits GA, Grimm RH Jr, Thomas HE Jr, Billings JH, Wright NH. Risk factor changes after cessation of intervention in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. The MRFIT Research Group. Prev Med. 1991 Mar;20(2):183-96. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(91)90019-z.
- Kuller LH, Eichner JE, Orchard TJ, Grandits GA, McCallum L, Tracy RP. The relation between serum albumin levels and risk of coronary heart disease in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Dec 1;134(11):1266-77. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116030.
- Leon AS, Connett J. Physical activity and 10.5 year mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Int J Epidemiol. 1991 Sep;20(3):690-7. doi: 10.1093/ije/20.3.690.
- Friedewald WT, Kuller LH, Ockene JK. Primary prevention of cancer: relevant Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial results. IARC Sci Publ. 1990;(103):157-70. No abstract available.
- Neaton JD, Bartsch GE, Broste SK, Cohen JD, Simon NM. A case of data alteration in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). The MRFIT Research Group. Control Clin Trials. 1991 Dec;12(6):731-40. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(91)90036-l. No abstract available.
- Ockene JK, Shaten BJ. Cigarette smoking in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Introduction, overview, method, and conclusions. Prev Med. 1991 Sep;20(5):552-63. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(91)90054-8. No abstract available.
- Ockene JK, Hymowitz N, Lagus J, Shaten BJ. Comparison of smoking behavior change for SI and UC study groups. MRFIT Research Group. Prev Med. 1991 Sep;20(5):564-73. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(91)90055-9.
- Ruth KJ, Neaton JD. Evaluation of two biological markers of tobacco exposure. MRFIT Research Group. Prev Med. 1991 Sep;20(5):574-89. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(91)90056-a.
- Hymowitz N, Sexton M, Ockene J, Grandits G. Baseline factors associated with smoking cessation and relapse. MRFIT Research Group. Prev Med. 1991 Sep;20(5):590-601. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(91)90057-b.
- Gerace TA, Hollis J, Ockene JK, Svendsen K. Smoking cessation and change in diastolic blood pressure, body weight, and plasma lipids. MRFIT Research Group. Prev Med. 1991 Sep;20(5):602-20. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(91)90058-c.
- Shaten BJ, Kuller LH, Neaton JD. Association between baseline risk factors, cigarette smoking, and CHD mortality after 10.5 years. MRFIT Research Group. Prev Med. 1991 Sep;20(5):655-9. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(91)90061-8.
- Kuller LH, Ockene JK, Meilahn E, Wentworth DN, Svendsen KH, Neaton JD. Cigarette smoking and mortality. MRFIT Research Group. Prev Med. 1991 Sep;20(5):638-54. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(91)90060-h.
- Suh I, Shaten BJ, Cutler JA, Kuller LH. Alcohol use and mortality from coronary heart disease: the role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Jun 1;116(11):881-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-116-11-881.
- Neaton JD, Blackburn H, Jacobs D, Kuller L, Lee DJ, Sherwin R, Shih J, Stamler J, Wentworth D. Serum cholesterol level and mortality findings for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Arch Intern Med. 1992 Jul;152(7):1490-500.
- Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and death from coronary heart disease. Overall findings and differences by age for 316,099 white men. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Arch Intern Med. 1992 Jan;152(1):56-64.
- Zhou SH, Rautaharju PM, Prineas R, Neaton J, Crow R, Calhoun H, Furberg C, Cohen J. Improved ECG models for estimation of left ventricular hypertrophy progression and regression incidence by redefinition of the criteria for a significant change in left ventricular hypertrophy status. The MRFIT Research Group. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. J Electrocardiol. 1993;26 Suppl:108-13.
- Neaton JD, Wentworth DN, Cutler J, Stamler J, Kuller L. Risk factors for death from different types of stroke. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Ann Epidemiol. 1993 Sep;3(5):493-9. doi: 10.1016/1047-2797(93)90103-b.
- Shaten BJ, Smith GD, Kuller LH, Neaton JD. Risk factors for the development of type II diabetes among men enrolled in the usual care group of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care. 1993 Oct;16(10):1331-9. doi: 10.2337/diacare.16.10.1331.
- Flack JM, Neaton JD, Daniels B, Esunge P. Ethnicity and renal disease: lessons from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial and the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 1993 Apr;21(4 Suppl 1):31-40. doi: 10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80859-6.
- Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care. 1993 Feb;16(2):434-44. doi: 10.2337/diacare.16.2.434.
- Blair SN, Shaten J, Brownell K, Collins G, Lissner L. Body weight change, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Ann Intern Med. 1993 Oct 1;119(7 Pt 2):749-57. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-119-7_part_2-199310011-00024.
- Coughlin SS, Neaton JD, Sengupta A, Kuller LH. Predictors of mortality from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in 356,222 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Jan 15;139(2):166-72. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116978.
- Orchard TJ, Eichner J, Kuller LH, Becker DJ, McCallum LM, Grandits GA. Insulin as a predictor of coronary heart disease: interaction with apolipoprotein E phenotype. A report from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Ann Epidemiol. 1994 Jan;4(1):40-5. doi: 10.1016/1047-2797(94)90041-8.
- Stamler J, Caggiula A, Grandits GA, Kjelsberg M, Cutler JA. Relationship to blood pressure of combinations of dietary macronutrients. Findings of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Circulation. 1996 Nov 15;94(10):2417-23. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.94.10.2417.
- Kuller LH, Tracy RP, Shaten J, Meilahn EN. Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case-control study. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Sep 15;144(6):537-47. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008963.
- Haffner SM, Shaten J, Stern MP, Smith GD, Kuller L. Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone predict the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in men. MRFIT Research Group. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 May 1;143(9):889-97. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008832.
- Flack JM, Neaton J, Grimm R Jr, Shih J, Cutler J, Ensrud K, MacMahon S. Blood pressure and mortality among men with prior myocardial infarction. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Circulation. 1995 Nov 1;92(9):2437-45. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.92.9.2437.
- Werko L. Analysis of the MRFIT screenees: a methodological study. J Intern Med. 1995 May;237(5):507-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1995.tb00877.x.
- Neaton JD, Kuller L, Stamler J, Wentworth D. Impact of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on cardiovascular mortality. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds. Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. 2nd Ed. New York: Raven Press,Ltd., 1995:127-144.
- Statistical design considerations in the NHLI multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Group. J Chronic Dis. 1977 May;30(5):261-75. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(77)90013-3. No abstract available.
- The multiple risk factor intervention trial. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Group. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1978 Mar 30;304:293-308. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb25606.x. No abstract available.
- Townsend MC, DuChene AG, Morgan J, Browner WS. Pulmonary function in relation to cigarette smoking and smoking cessation. MRFIT Research Group. Prev Med. 1991 Sep;20(5):621-37. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(91)90059-d.
- Dolecek TA, Granditis G. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). World Rev Nutr Diet. 1991;66:205-16. doi: 10.1159/000419291. No abstract available.
- Okin PM, Grandits G, Rautaharju PM, Prineas RJ, Cohen JD, Crow RS, Kligfield P. Prognostic value of heart rate adjustment of exercise-induced ST segment depression in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996 May;27(6):1437-43. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(96)00030-7.
- Mortality after 16 years for participants randomized to the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Circulation. 1996 Sep 1;94(5):946-51. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.94.5.946. Erratum In: Circulation 1997 Feb 4;95(3):760.
- Cutler JA, Stamler J. Introduction and summary of the dietary and nutritional methods and findings in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):184S-190S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.184S. No abstract available.
- Kjelsberg MO, Cutler JA, Dolecek TA. Brief description of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):191S-195S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.191S.
- Dolecek TA, Stamler J, Caggiula AW, Tillotson JL, Buzzard IM. Methods of dietary and nutritional assessment and intervention and other methods in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):196S-210S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.196S.
- Grandits GA, Bartsch GE, Stamler J. Method issues in dietary data analyses in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):211S-227S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.211S.
- Tillotson JL, Bartsch GE, Gorder D, Grandits GA, Stamler J. Food group and nutrient intakes at baseline in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):228S-257S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.228S.
- Gorder DD, Bartsch GE, Tillotson JL, Grandits GA, Stamler J. Food group and macronutrient intakes, trial years 1-6, in the special intervention and usual care groups in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):258S-271S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.258S.
- Stamler J, Briefel RR, Milas C, Grandits GA, Caggiula AW. Relation of changes in dietary lipids and weight, trial years 1-6, to changes in blood lipids in the special intervention and usual care groups in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):272S-288S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.272S.
- Van Horn L, Dolecek TA, Grandits GA, Skweres L. Adherence to dietary recommendations in the special intervention group in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):289S-304S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.289S.
- Dolecek TA, Johnson RL, Grandits GA, Farrand-Zukel M, Caggiula AW. Nutritional adequacy of diets reported at baseline and during trial years 1-6 by the special intervention and usual care groups in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):305S-313S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.305S.
- Tillotson JL, Grandits GA, Bartsch GE, Stamler J. Relation of dietary carbohydrates to blood lipids in the special intervention and usual care groups in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):314S-326S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.314S.
- Tillotson JL, Grandits GA, Bartsch GE, Stamler J. Relation of dietary fiber to blood lipids in the special intervention and usual care groups in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):327S-337S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.327S.
- Stamler J, Caggiula AW, Grandits GA. Relation of body mass and alcohol, nutrient, fiber, and caffeine intakes to blood pressure in the special intervention and usual care groups in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):338S-365S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.338S.
- Stamler J, Dolecek TA. Relation of food and nutrient intakes to body mass in the special intervention and usual care groups in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):366S-373S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.366S.
- Stamler J, Rains-Clearman D, Lenz-Litzow K, Tillotson JL, Grandits GA. Relation of smoking at baseline and during trial years 1-6 to food and nutrient intakes and weight in the special intervention and usual care groups in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1 Suppl):374S-402S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.374S.
- Sherwin R, Sengupta A, Havas S. Blood pressure in minorities screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Public Health Rep. 1996;111 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):68-70.
- Coughlin SS, Neaton JD, Sengupta A. Cigarette smoking as a predictor of death from prostate cancer in 348,874 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 May 15;143(10):1002-6. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008663.
- Klag MJ, Whelton PK, Randall BL, Neaton JD, Brancati FL, Stamler J. End-stage renal disease in African-American and white men. 16-year MRFIT findings. JAMA. 1997 Apr 23-30;277(16):1293-8.
- Crow RS, Prineas RJ, Hannan PJ, Grandits G, Blackburn H. Prognostic associations of Minnesota Code serial electrocardiographic change classification with coronary heart disease mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Cardiol. 1997 Jul 15;80(2):138-44. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00307-x.
- Leon AS, Myers MJ, Connett J. Leisure time physical activity and the 16-year risks of mortality from coronary heart disease and all-causes in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Int J Sports Med. 1997 Jul;18 Suppl 3:S208-15. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-972717.
- Shaten BJ, Kuller LH, Kjelsberg MO, Stamler J, Ockene JK, Cutler JA, Cohen JD. Lung cancer mortality after 16 years in MRFIT participants in intervention and usual-care groups. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Ann Epidemiol. 1997 Feb;7(2):125-36. doi: 10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00123-8.
- Brancati FL, Whelton PK, Randall BL, Neaton JD, Stamler J, Klag MJ. Risk of end-stage renal disease in diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study of men screened for MRFIT. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. JAMA. 1997 Dec 17;278(23):2069-74.
- Davey Smith G, Neaton JD, Wentworth D, Stamler R, Stamler J. Mortality differences between black and white men in the USA: contribution of income and other risk factors among men screened for the MRFIT. MRFIT Research Group. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Lancet. 1998 Mar 28;351(9107):934-9. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)80010-0.
- Evans RW, Shaten BJ, Day BW, Kuller LH. Prospective association between lipid soluble antioxidants and coronary heart disease in men. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Jan 15;147(2):180-6. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009432.
- Vaccaro O, Stamler J, Neaton JD. Sixteen-year coronary mortality in black and white men with diabetes screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Int J Epidemiol. 1998 Aug;27(4):636-41. doi: 10.1093/ije/27.4.636.
- Evans RW, Shaten BJ, Hempel JD, Cutler JA, Kuller LH; MRFIT Research Group. Homocyst(e)ine and risk of cardiovascular disease in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Indian Heart J. 2000 Nov-Dec;52(7 Suppl):S44-52.
- Evans RW, Shpilberg O, Shaten BJ, Ali S, Kamboh MI, Kuller LH. Prospective association of lipoprotein(a) concentrations and apo(a) size with coronary heart disease among men in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001 Jan;54(1):51-7. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00260-2.
- Simon JA, Fong J, Bernert JT Jr, Browner WS. Serum fatty acids and the risk of fatal cancer. MRFIT Research Group. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Nov 1;148(9):854-8. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009710.
- Davey Smith G, Bracha Y, Svendsen KH, Neaton JD, Haffner SM, Kuller LH; Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Incidence of type 2 diabetes in the randomized multiple risk factor intervention trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 1;142(5):313-22. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-142-5-200503010-00006.
- Kotalik A, Eaton A, Lian Q, Serrano C, Connett J, Neaton JD. A win ratio approach to the re-analysis of Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Clin Trials. 2019 Dec;16(6):626-634. doi: 10.1177/1740774519868233. Epub 2019 Aug 7.
- Krishnan E. Gout in African Americans. Am J Med. 2014 Sep;127(9):858-64. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.03.039. Epub 2014 Apr 24.
- Krishnan E. Chronic kidney disease and the risk of incident gout among middle-aged men: a seven-year prospective observational study. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Dec;65(12):3271-8. doi: 10.1002/art.38171.
- Krishnan E, Svendsen K, Neaton JD, Grandits G, Kuller LH; MRFIT Research Group. Long-term cardiovascular mortality among middle-aged men with gout. Arch Intern Med. 2008 May 26;168(10):1104-10. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.10.1104.
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Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Réunion완전한
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All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi아직 모집하지 않음자폐 스펙트럼 장애 | 치료의 표준 | 수정된 앳킨스 다이어트