The Effects of Vision Training Applied to Kumite Karate National Team Athletes

October 16, 2024 updated by: Tuğba Kuru Çolak, Marmara University
This study examines the effects of visual training applied to professional kumite karate athletes. In karate, rapid decision-making, opponent perception at the right time, effective implementation of strategic moves and reaction time are largely dependent on visual perception skills. In this context, our study investigated how vision training improves visual acuity and sportive performance of kumite karate athletes.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Before the study, ethical approval was obtained from Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee with the number 09.2024.611. The study was started with 24 national athletes from Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality Kağıtspor Team and was carried out on 23 athletes after one athlete in the control group was injured. The athletes who were examined by an ophthalmologist before the study, who did not have any visual problems and who did not have any surgical operation and/or injury history that would adversely affect the balance in the last 6 months were randomly divided into 2 groups. The 12-member vision training group was subjected to a vision training programme that included eye exercises accompanied by a physiotherapist for 3 sessions per week in addition to their routine training for 4 weeks, while the control group continued their routine training. At the beginning of the study (week 0) and at the end of the training (week 4), 't ruler-nelson hand reaction test', 'sit & lie flexibility test' were performed by another physiotherapist, and 'snellen test' measurements were performed by an ophthalmologist for 'visual acuity' evaluation of the athletes. The researcher who performed the reaction time and flexibility measurements and the physician who assessed visual acuity performed the measurements without knowing which group the athletes were in. After statistically homogeneous-normality evaluation of the groups, Independent Sample t Test was used for comparison of descriptive characteristics between the groups. Mixed-order analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the variables in the groups according to the follow-up times. Bonferroni correction was applied for the comparison of main effects in the analyses. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
23

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Kocaeli, Turkey
        • Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality Kağıtspor

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being a 'Karate-Do' style athlete in Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality Kağıtspor
  • To be at A national team level
  • To continue active sports life
  • To be between the ages of 15-35

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having any eye disease
  • Any surgery or serious pathology in the last 6 months
  • Any history of traumatic brain injury in the last 6 months
  • Upper/lower extremity injury in the last 3 months
  • Having one of the systemic disorders (such as musculoskeletal system, respiratory system) Being younger than fifteen years old and older than thirty-five years old History of a disease related to balance, vestibular system Regular use of medication related to the vestibular system, vision and balance Presence of congenital anomalies

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Control Group
The karate athletes in the control group continued their routine training planned by the national team during the study.
Other: Routine Training Program
All athletes continued their routine training programmes planned by the national team coaches for karate sport during the training period.
Experimental: Vision Training Group
The karate athletes in the vision training group participated in a vision training programme that included eye movements and was applied by one of the researcher physiotherapists in addition to their routine training planned by the national team. The application was applied for 10 minutes in 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks.
Other: Routine Training Program
All athletes continued their routine training programmes planned by the national team coaches for karate sport during the training period.
Other: Vision Training Program
Vision Training Programme: A training programme including exercises such as saccadic movements of the eye, spiral movements, converging-diverging exercises, peripheral walking was applied.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Visual Acuity Assessment
Time Frame: Pre-study (week 0) and post-study (week 4)
Visual acuity was assessed by an ophthalmologist using a Snellen chart.
Pre-study (week 0) and post-study (week 4)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Reaction Time Assessment (cm)
Time Frame: Pre-study (week 0) and post-study (week 4)
It is a test that measures reaction time to visual stimuli. In the hand reaction test, the ruler is placed between the fingers of the hand. The practitioner holds the ruler by the tip and above. He/she releases the ruler a while after giving the ready signal. The subject tries to catch the ruler as soon as possible. The reaction time is calculated and recorded according to the distance at the point of catching. 3 repetitions are done and the average value is recorded.
Pre-study (week 0) and post-study (week 4)
Sit & Reach Test (cm)
Time Frame: Pre-study (week 0) and post-study (week 4)
Sit on the floor and rest bare feet flat on the test bench. The torso (waist and hips) is tilted forward and the knees are asked to reach as far as possible forward without bending the knees, with the hands in front of the body. The subject tries to reach the farthest point in this way and waits 2 seconds at the last point and the value is recorded. The tester stands next to the subject and prevents the subject's knees from bending. The test is repeated three times and the average value is recorded.
Pre-study (week 0) and post-study (week 4)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Marmara University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Director: Tugba KURU COLAK, Prof.Dr., Marmara University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 16, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 27, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 8, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 14, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 14, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 16, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 18, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 16, 2024

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • MU-SBE-FTR-MŞE-02

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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