Differences in Shoulder Girdle Muscles in Young Swimmers

March 25, 2026 updated by: Istanbul Gelisim University

Examination of Differences in Shoulder Girdle Muscles in Young Swimmers According to Swimming Styles

This research aims to examine the effects of different swimming styles (freestyle, breaststroke, butterfly, and backstroke) on the characteristics of the shoulder girdle muscles in young swimmers. Although it is known that shoulder girdle muscles undergo different levels of activation depending on swimming style, studies systematically examining these differences, especially in young swimmers during their developmental years, are limited. Identifying style-based differences in shoulder girdle muscle activation is of great importance for both optimizing training programs and preventing injuries.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
28

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Avcılar
      • Istanbul, Avcılar, Turkey (Türkiye), 34310
        • İstanbul Gelisim University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Young swimmers

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being between 12-18 years old
  • Having been involved in at least one swimming style for at least 3 years
  • Having participated in at least one competition
  • Obtaining parental consent. Obtaining parental consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having undergone any surgery on the shoulder girdle muscles.
  • Having any orthopedic or physical disorder in the shoulder girdle muscles (e.g., frozen shoulder).
  • Participating in another sport besides swimming.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Breaststroke
Other: Measuring of the biomechanical properties of muscles with MyotonPro.
MyotonPro is used to measure the biomechanical properties of muscle. During measurements, participants will be seated in a chair with back support; bilaterally Biomechanical properties (F - Natural Oscillation Frequency [Hz], characterizing Tone or Tension, S - Dynamic Stiffness [N/m], D - Logarithmic Decrement [relative unit], characterizing Elasticity, R - Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time [ms], C - Ratio of Relaxation and Deformation time [relative unit], characterizing Creep) of the anterior, middle and posterior parts of the deltoid muscle and the upper, middle and lower parts of the trapezius muscle were measured using Myoton PRO. All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measurement of the length of the upper extremity with a tape measure.
The measuring tape will be used to measure the swimmers' Right and left arms length (cm) and Arm span (cm). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measuring the range of motion of the upper extremity joints with a digital goniometer.
Passive range of motion of the upper extremity shoulder joint (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation) will be measured using a digital goniometer. Results will be recorded in degrees (°). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Freestyle
Other: Measuring of the biomechanical properties of muscles with MyotonPro.
MyotonPro is used to measure the biomechanical properties of muscle. During measurements, participants will be seated in a chair with back support; bilaterally Biomechanical properties (F - Natural Oscillation Frequency [Hz], characterizing Tone or Tension, S - Dynamic Stiffness [N/m], D - Logarithmic Decrement [relative unit], characterizing Elasticity, R - Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time [ms], C - Ratio of Relaxation and Deformation time [relative unit], characterizing Creep) of the anterior, middle and posterior parts of the deltoid muscle and the upper, middle and lower parts of the trapezius muscle were measured using Myoton PRO. All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measurement of the length of the upper extremity with a tape measure.
The measuring tape will be used to measure the swimmers' Right and left arms length (cm) and Arm span (cm). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measuring the range of motion of the upper extremity joints with a digital goniometer.
Passive range of motion of the upper extremity shoulder joint (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation) will be measured using a digital goniometer. Results will be recorded in degrees (°). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Butterfly
Other: Measuring of the biomechanical properties of muscles with MyotonPro.
MyotonPro is used to measure the biomechanical properties of muscle. During measurements, participants will be seated in a chair with back support; bilaterally Biomechanical properties (F - Natural Oscillation Frequency [Hz], characterizing Tone or Tension, S - Dynamic Stiffness [N/m], D - Logarithmic Decrement [relative unit], characterizing Elasticity, R - Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time [ms], C - Ratio of Relaxation and Deformation time [relative unit], characterizing Creep) of the anterior, middle and posterior parts of the deltoid muscle and the upper, middle and lower parts of the trapezius muscle were measured using Myoton PRO. All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measurement of the length of the upper extremity with a tape measure.
The measuring tape will be used to measure the swimmers' Right and left arms length (cm) and Arm span (cm). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measuring the range of motion of the upper extremity joints with a digital goniometer.
Passive range of motion of the upper extremity shoulder joint (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation) will be measured using a digital goniometer. Results will be recorded in degrees (°). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Backstroke
Other: Measuring of the biomechanical properties of muscles with MyotonPro.
MyotonPro is used to measure the biomechanical properties of muscle. During measurements, participants will be seated in a chair with back support; bilaterally Biomechanical properties (F - Natural Oscillation Frequency [Hz], characterizing Tone or Tension, S - Dynamic Stiffness [N/m], D - Logarithmic Decrement [relative unit], characterizing Elasticity, R - Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time [ms], C - Ratio of Relaxation and Deformation time [relative unit], characterizing Creep) of the anterior, middle and posterior parts of the deltoid muscle and the upper, middle and lower parts of the trapezius muscle were measured using Myoton PRO. All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measurement of the length of the upper extremity with a tape measure.
The measuring tape will be used to measure the swimmers' Right and left arms length (cm) and Arm span (cm). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measuring the range of motion of the upper extremity joints with a digital goniometer.
Passive range of motion of the upper extremity shoulder joint (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation) will be measured using a digital goniometer. Results will be recorded in degrees (°). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Measuring the biomechanical properties of muscles with MyotonPro.
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of measurements at 6 weeks.
bilaterally Biomechanical properties (F - Natural Oscillation Frequency [Hz], characterizing Tone or Tension, S - Dynamic Stiffness [N/m], D - Logarithmic Decrement [relative unit], characterizing Elasticity, R - Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time [ms], C - Ratio of Relaxation and Deformation time [relative unit], characterizing Creep) of the anterior, middle and posterior parts of the deltoid muscle and the upper, middle and lower parts of the trapezius muscle were measured using Myoton PRO.
From enrollment to the end of measurements at 6 weeks.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Measuring the length and range of motion of the upper extremity using a tape measure.
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of measurements at 6 weeks.
The measuring tape will be used to measure the swimmers' Right and left arms length (cm) and Arm span (cm).
From enrollment to the end of measurements at 6 weeks.
Measuring the length and range of motion of the upper extremity using a digital goniometer.
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of measurements at 6 weeks.
Passive range of motion of the upper extremity shoulder joint (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation) will be measured using a digital goniometer. Results will be recorded in degrees (°)
From enrollment to the end of measurements at 6 weeks.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Istanbul Gelisim University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 12, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 27, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 19, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 23, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 27, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 25, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 29.12.2025-2025/12

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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