Neoadjuvant Accelerated Short Course Radiation Therapy With Proton Beam and Capecitabine for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer

Phase I/II of Neoadjuvant Accelerated Short Course Radiation Therapy With Proton Beam and Capecitabine for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer

A standard treatment for pancreatic cancer is radiation therapy plus chemotherapy after surgery. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are commonly given for up to six weeks. Previous research has suggested that giving the radiation and chemotherapy for a shorter amount of time (accelerated schedule) before surgery may be better tolerated. In this research study, different schedules of proton radiation therapy will be used. Each schedule will give about the same total dose of radiation. However, the total dose will be spread out over different time periods and different numbers of sessions. The purpose is to find the shortest schedule of radiation therapy that can be given without unacceptable side effects. Proton beam radiation is being used because of its unique ability to deposit its energy directly in the tumor, resulting in less radiation to normal tissue. A new type of PET scan is also being studied to see if it can help predict the response to pre-surgery treatment.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Pancreatic Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Proton Beam Radiation; Drug: Capecitabine

Detailed Description

• Not everyone who participates in this research study will receive the same schedule of radiation therapy. The schedule of radiation therapy will depend on the number of participants enrolled on the study and how well they have tolerated their radiation schedule. All patients will receive proton beam therapy.
• Here are the proposed schedules of radiation therapy. If at any point too many subjects experience too many unacceptable side effects, no subject will be enrolled to the next level. Dose Level 1: 10 radiation sessions given Monday-Friday for two weeks. Dose Level 2: 5 radiation sessions given Monday, Wednesday and Friday in Week 1 and Tuesday and Thursday in Week 2. Dose Level 3: 5 radiation sessions given Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday in Week 1 and Monday in Week 2. Dose Level 4: 5 Radiation sessions given Monday through Friday in Week 1.
• In Dose Levels 2, 3 and 4, there are fewer radiation sessions, but the radiation dose given at each session is slightly higher than the dose given in each of the 10 sessions of Dose Level 1.
• Capecitabine will be given orally (pill form) starting on the first day of radiation therapy and will be taken for the two weeks that the participant receives radiation therapy.
• On days 1, 8 and 15 of each study cycle, the participant will be seen at the clinic for: physical examination, questions about side effects; and routine blood tests.
• After the last day of study treatment there will be up to a six-week rest period before surgery is performed.
• About three to six weeks after the participant has finished study treatment, the following procedures will be done: CT or MRI, physical examination; questions about side effects and blood tests.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 50
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115
      • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215
      • Massachusetts General Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Cytologic of histologic proof of pancreatic ductal carcinoma
• No evidence of metastatic disease
• 18 years of age or older
• ECOG Performance Status of 0 or 1 - Lab values as outlined in the protocol

Exclusion Criteria:

• Tumors in the body or tail of the pancreas
• Hepatic or peritoneal metastases detected by imaging or laparoscopy prior to chemoradiation
• Serious concomitant systemic disorders incompatible with the study, such as significant cardiac or pulmonary morbidity, ongoing infection as manifested by fever
• Pregnant or lactating women
• Life expectancy of < 3 months
• Serious, uncontrolled, concurrent infection (s)
• Prior chemotherapy or radiation for treatment of the patient's pancreatic tumor
• Clinically significant cardiac disease or myocardial infarction within the last 12 months
• Other serious uncontrolled medical condition that the investigator feels might compromise study participation
• Lack of physical integrity of the upper gastrointestinal tract or malabsorption syndrome
• Known, existing uncontrolled coagulopathy
• Any prior fluoropyrimidine therapy
• Prior unanticipated severe reaction to fluoropyrimidine therapy, or known hypersensitivity to a 5-fluorouracil or known DPD deficiency
• Participation in any investigational drug study within 4 weeks preceding the start of the study
• History of uncontrolled seizures, central nervous system disorders or psychiatric disability
• Major surgery, excluding laparoscopy, within 4 weeks of the start of study treatment, without complete recovery
• Patients on cimetidine

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Group 1; 10 Radiation Sessions over 2 weeks	Procedure: Proton Beam Radiation; Given over different schedules and duration; Drug: Capecitabine; Given orally starting on day one of radiation therapy for 2 weeks
Experimental: Group 2; 5 Radiation sessions: 3 in week 1 and 2 in week 2	Procedure: Proton Beam Radiation; Given over different schedules and duration; Drug: Capecitabine; Given orally starting on day one of radiation therapy for 2 weeks
Experimental: Group 3; 5 Radiation sessions: 4 in week 1 and 1 in week 2	Procedure: Proton Beam Radiation; Given over different schedules and duration; Drug: Capecitabine; Given orally starting on day one of radiation therapy for 2 weeks
Experimental: Group 4; 5 Radiation Sessions in one week	Procedure: Proton Beam Radiation; Given over different schedules and duration; Drug: Capecitabine; Given orally starting on day one of radiation therapy for 2 weeks

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities in the 5 Radiation Sessions in One Week Arm	The number of participants that experienced a dose limiting toxicity in the arm where radiation was administered over 5 consecutive for a total dose of 25 Gray Equivalents (GyE) (Group 4). Participants were monitored for potential Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLT) for three weeks after the start of radiation. DLTs included: Any grade 3 non-hematologic or hematologic toxicity requiring a greater than 7 day interruption in therapy (excluding alopecia and nausea/vomiting not controlled by optimal supportive care or; Any grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity or; Any grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia as defined by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v3.0)	3 Weeks
Number of Participants With Grade 3 or Greater Toxicity in Phase II	Adverse events were assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE 3). The regimen was considered to be tolerated if less than 20% of participants experienced a grade 3 or greater toxicity.	30 days after the end of treatment, up to approximately 6 months total

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With a Pathological Complete Response	All patients that received surgery underwent a full pathological review of their pancreaticoduodenectomy specimen according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Classification, 6th. Initial gross evaluation and identification of resection margins was performed jointly by the surgeon and the pathologist. Pathological complete response will be defined as the absence of any viable tumor cells within the pathologic specimen.	at the time of surgery (28-42 days after start of treatment)
Median Progression Free Survival	The median amount of time from the start of treatment until death or disease progression, whichever occurs first. Progressive Disease (PD): A 20% or greater increase in the sum of Longest Diameter (LD) of all target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since baseline.	from the start of treatment until death or progression, median duration of 10.4 months
Number of Participants With Surgical Morbidity	Number of participants with pancreatic or any other anastomotic leakage within 30 days of surgery	30 days post surgery (surgery was 28-42 days after the start of treatment)
30-Day Post Operative Mortality	The number of participants that died within 30 days of undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy.	30 days after the time of surgery (Surgery is 28-42 days after start of treatment)
Number of Participants With Treatment Related Serious Adverse Events	The number of participants that had treatment related serious adverse events. Adverse events were assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE 3). Adverse events were considered to be serious adverse events if they were grade 3 or greater and were considered to be possibly, probably, or definitely related to treatment.	From the start of treatment until 30 days after the end of treatment, up to approximately 5 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Massachusetts General Hospital
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Theodore Hong, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Hong TS, Ryan DP, Borger DR, Blaszkowsky LS, Yeap BY, Ancukiewicz M, Deshpande V, Shinagare S, Wo JY, Boucher Y, Wadlow RC, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Clark JW, Zhu AX, Ferrone CR, Mamon HJ, Adams J, Winrich B, Grillo T, Jain RK, DeLaney TF, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Duda DG. A phase 1/2 and biomarker study of preoperative short course chemoradiation with proton beam therapy and capecitabine followed by early surgery for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014 Jul 15;89(4):830-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.03.034. Epub 2014 May 24.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: December 1, 2007
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 20, 2007
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 20, 2007
• First Posted (Estimate): February 22, 2007

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 23, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 31, 2018
• Last Verified: December 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: proton beam radiation; accelerated short course
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Endocrine System Diseases; Digestive System Neoplasms; Endocrine Gland Neoplasms; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Capecitabine
• Other Study ID Numbers: 06-248