Assessment of Cannabis Craving in Schizophrenia Using Virtual Reality

April 4, 2018 updated by: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

Background:

- Individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders have a high prevalence of cannabis use. Understanding some of the environmental factors that maintain cannabis use, such as socially triggered cravings, is a critical step in improving treatment for cannabis dependence. In recent years, virtual reality has been studied to determine whether it can be used to induce craving by using life-like cue settings. Researchers are interested in using virtual reality systems to study cannabis cravings in individuals with schizophrenia.

Objectives:

- To determine if virtual reality cues will elicit cannabis craving in persons with schizophrenia who have a history of cannabis use.

Eligibility:

- Individuals between 18 and 50 years of age who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders, are on a stable antipsychotic medication, and who have a lifetime history of at least 50 cannabis uses and average cannabis use of once per month.

Design:

  • This study involves an initial screening visit, a study visit, and a followup visit.
  • Participants will be screened with a medical history and physical examination, and will complete questionnaires about their history of marijuana and other drug use. Participants will also learn how to use the virtual reality equipment at this visit.
  • During the study visit, participants will respond to marijuana cues using the virtual reality system while researchers monitor their heart rate, blood pressure, and sweat levels.
  • At the followup visit, participants will complete questionnaires about their mood and any cravings for marijuana.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

Objective: The use of cannabis is prevalent in people with schizophrenia, and has been linked both to onset of illness and worsening of symptoms. Craving in persons with schizophrenia who use cannabis has not been widely studied. The occurrence of craving may lead to relapse in substance use disorders. Therefore, craving paradigms in people with schizophrenia need to be optimized in order to test new treatments on craving measures in this population. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility and effects of virtual reality cues on craving intensity for cannabis in patients with schizophrenia

Study population: We will enroll 25 persons with a DSM IV diagnosis of schizophrenia who have a lifetime history of at least 50 lifetime uses of cannabis and cannabis use an average of at least once per month (or, if inpatients, average use of once per month prior to hospitalization) with a goal of 16 completers.

Design: This study uses a comparison-controlled, within-subject design. All subjects will undergo a baseline assessment and acclimation period and then participate in an experimental condition in which four cues will be presented in separate rooms in the VR program. These include two cannabis cues and two neutral cues in four different rooms. A follow up session for craving and symptom assessments will occur one week after the experimental session.

Outcome Measures:

At the end of each of the four cues, the Cannabis Craving Scale (CCVAS), Cannabis Attention scale (CAS), the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire-Short Form (MCQ-SF), and a visual analog cigarette craving item will be administered to measure craving during the virtual reality session. The CCVAS and CAS will be projected into the VR environment and participants will respond via hand controller. The MCQ-SF will also be administered, as well as the Mood form , to assess mood, at baseline as well as at the end of each of the 4 cues. Before and after the experimental session participants will also be rated on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Schedule for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), side effects, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The Immersion Questionnaire and Imagery Realism Presence Questionnaire (PQ) will be given at the conclusion of the experimental session. Before and after the session, as well as during the experiment participants will be monitored for physiological reactivity (heart rate, blood pressure, and skin conductance response) to cues of cannabis use as well as neutral cues measured.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

17

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Maryland
      • Catonsville, Maryland, United States, 21228
        • Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC) 55 Wade Avenue

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 55 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

  • INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS:

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

  1. 18-55 year old males and females
  2. Lifetime history of at least 50 cannabis uses and average cannabis use of once per month (or average use of once per month prior to hospitalization, if inpatient)
  3. Current DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
  4. Stable antipsychotic regimen (4 weeks on antipsychotic regimen and 30 days at current dose)
  5. Medically healthy as determined by screening criteria
  6. Agrees to wear a head mounted display (HMD) for a period of time generally not exceeding 45 minutes

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

  1. DSM-IV diagnosis of active alcohol or substance abuse (besides cannabis or nicotine) in the past 1 month or dependence within the past 6 months
  2. Current use of any medication that would interfere with the protocol in the opinion of MAI (dronabinol, varenicline, bupropion, etc)
  3. History of head injury, seizures, stroke, or severe motion sickness
  4. Positive urine toxicology screen for agents besides cannabis for substances other than cannabis or those used for therapeutic purposes: Participants who have an initial positive urine toxicology screen for substances other than those used for therapeutic purposes or cannabis will have the opportunity to return within two weeks for a second toxicology screen. If at that time the results are again positive, the participant will be excluded.
  5. Positive pregnancy test (if female)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Primary measures include the Cannabis Craving Scale, Cannabis Attention Scale, and Marijuana Craving Questionnaire-Short Form, assessed after each cue. Physiological measures (blood pressure, heart rate, skin conductance) are continuously measur...

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Secondary measures include the Mood form, assessed at baseline and after each cue, and measures of the virtual reality experience including the Immersion Questionnaire and Imagery Realism Presence Questionnaire, administered following the sessio...

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Stephen J Heishman, Ph.D., National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

September 26, 2010

Study Completion

November 26, 2012

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 29, 2010

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 29, 2010

First Posted (Estimate)

September 30, 2010

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 5, 2018

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 4, 2018

Last Verified

November 26, 2012

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 999910462
  • 10-DA-N462

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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