Development of Coercion Assessment Scale (CAS)

Improving Ethics in Research: Development of the Coercion Assessment Scale

In this study, the investigators seek to further develop the CAS as a comprehensive, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring coercion to participate in research among adult substance abusing offender populations.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Coercion to Participate in Research
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: CAS

Detailed Description

First, the investigators wish to widen the scope of the CAS so that it can reliably and validly measure perceived coercion. The content domain will be expanded to included pressures experienced by a range of individuals involved in the criminal justice system. Second, the investigators will finalize the CAS by ensuring that the instrument is appropriate for use with substance abusing offenders. A final goal of the study examines the psychometric properties of the instrument. This evaluation will include an examination of test-retest reliability, internal consistency and factor structure, and convergent and discriminant validity.

This study will be carried out in three distinct phases to satisfy the goals detailed above. The purpose of Phase 1 is to add to the already existing content of the CAS. In this phase, focus groups will be conducted with clients (i.e., substance abusing offenders) and professionals (i.e., treatment and criminal justice staff and stakeholders) in several different criminal justice. The goal of these groups will be to identify additional sources of coercion that substance abusing offenders may experience related to participation in research. The purpose of Phase 2 is to finalize and ensure the appropriateness of the instrument. In this phase, the investigators will conduct a protocol analysis with 30 drug court clients. The interviewer will read each item aloud to participants, and participants will provide their response. After completing each item, they will be interviewed about how they arrived at their decision. The purpose of Phase 3 is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CAS. A total of 200 substance abusing offenders participating in an ongoing NIDA-funded study (i.e., the "host study") will receive TRI's manualized written informed consent procedure as part of their participation in the host study. Following consent, research staff will administer study assessments to all consented participants. Additionally, a random sample of 50 clients will be selected to complete a retest interview, scheduled three to five days following the initial interview to assess the extent to which responses vary between the two administrations.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 228

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19106
      • Treatment Research Institute

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

For Phase 3, a total of 228 clients were drawn from the host study recruiting from a misdemeanor drug court in New Castle County, Delaware and from Miriam Prison in Rhode Island. The sample is representative of the combined demographic characteristics of our host studies with the study participants being 75% male, 75% Caucasian, and 22% African-American in the Wilmington and Rhode Island sites. Our sample of adolescents is representative of the host study with 78% African-American, 8% Caucasian and 13% "Other."

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Virtually any defendant admitted to either the misdemeanor drug court of the New Castle County Court of Common Pleas, the 17th Judicial District Drug Court in Union and Snyder Counties, or any research participant in the NITE Study at Miriam Hospital will be eligible to participate.
• The legal criteria for entry into drug court require defendant to (1) be 18 years of age or older; (2)be a resident of or commit their offense in either New Castle County, Delaware or Union and Snyder Counties, respectively; (3) be charged with a misdemeanor drug offense including possession or consumption of cannabis, possession of drug paraphernalia, possession of hypodermic syringes, or driving under the influence (DUI); and (4) not have a history of a violent offense involving serious injury to a victim or use of a deadly weapon. Individuals with medical or psychiatric conditions will be eligible to participate in the study so long a they are capable of giving competent, informed consent to research participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
CAS; There are no separate groups. All subjects are being asked to complete the CAS measure.	Other: CAS; All clients will be asked to complete the CAS instrument.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Expand Scope of CAS Measure	To expand the scope of the CAS so that it can reliably and validly measure perceived coercion to enter research studies in a wide-range of substance abusing offender populations. The content domain will be expanded to include pressures experienced by individuals who have been arrested but not adjudicated (i.e., drug court clients), offenders who have been adjudicated but are not currently incarcerated (i.e., parolees/probationers) and offenders who are currently incarcerated.	Months 9-30
Ensuring CAS Use with Substance Abusing Offenders	To finalize the development of the CAS by ensuring that the instrument is appropriate for use with substance abusing offenders. Items on the instrument will be evaluated to ensure that they are correctly worded and that their intended meaning is accurately conveyed to participants.	Months 9-30
Evaluate Psychometric Properties of CAS	To evaluate the psychometric properties of the CAS to ensure that it is a reliable and valid measure of perceived coercion to participate in research. The psychometric evaluation will include an examination of test-retest reliability, internal consistency and factor structure, and convergent and discriminant validity.	Months 9-30

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Treatment Research Institute
• Collaborators: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Karen Dugosh, Ph.D., Treatment Research Institute

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 28, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 29, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): November 30, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 28, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 27, 2023
• Last Verified: March 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: #0902; R01DA025687 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)