Effect of Dietary Sodium Intake on Vascular Endothelium

December 7, 2021 updated by: Alfredo Gamboa, Vanderbilt University Medical Center

A Pilot Study of the Effect of Dietary Sodium Intake on Assessments of Vascular Endothelium

The investigators will test the hypothesis that markers of vascular endothelial dysfunction will be exaggerated acutely with an extreme high sodium diet compared to an extreme low-sodium diet. The investigators will compare patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia (POTS) to healthy control subjects.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The study will involve a crossover design in which each subject will be assessed (as below) while on a very low-sodium (10 mEq/day) diet compared with a very high-sodium diet. These acute dietary interventions will be part of the parent study ("Dietary Salt in Postural Tachcyardia Syndrome" funded by R01 HL102387) for 4-5 days at the time of the study. Dietary success will be assessed using a 24h urine for sodium and creatinine as a part of the parent study.

Blood will be drawn and collected in a fasting state for future assay and analysis of the following tests:

  • Glucose, Insulin (glucose impairment, insulin resistance)
  • Fasting lipid profile
  • C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) (inflammatory state)
  • Inflammatory cytokines (inflammatory state)
  • aliquots (future analysis)

Pulsitile Arterial Tonometry (PAT) Protocol Calf Blood Flow in Reactive Hyperemia (CBF-RH) - venous occlusion plethysmography Evaluation of Forearm-Mediated Dilation

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

27

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Tennessee
      • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232
        • Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 60 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Subjects will be enrolled in the parent study "Dietary Salt in Postural Tachcyardia Syndrome" funded by R01 HL102387 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
  • Diagnosed with postural tachycardia syndrome by the Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center
  • Subjects will be enrolled in the parent study "Dietary Salt in Postural Tachcyardia Syndrome" funded by R01 HL102387
  • Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
  • Diagnosed with postural tachycardia syndrome by the Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center
  • Increase in heart rate ≥30 beats/min with position change from supine to standing (10 minutes)
  • Chronic symptoms consistent with POTS that are worse when upright and get better with recumbence Control Subjects
  • Healthy, non-obese, non-smokers without orthostatic tachycardia
  • Selected to match profiles of POTS patients (gender, age)
  • Not using vasoactive medication
  • Age between 18-60 years
  • Male and female subjects are eligible.
  • Able and willing to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Overt cause for postural tachycardia (such as acute dehydration)
  • Inability to give, or withdrawal of, informed consent
  • Pregnant
  • Other factors which in the investigator's opinion would prevent the subject from completing the protocol.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: High Sodium - POTS & Controls
Subjects will receive a high sodium diet for 4-5 days prior to study day. Procedures include: blood work, urine collection, Pulsitile Arterial Tonometry (PAT), PAT analysis, Calf Blood Flow in Reactive Hyperemia (CBF-RH), & evaluation of forearm-mediated dilation.
Procedure: Pulsitile Arterial Tonometry (PAT) Protocol
  • A blood pressure cuff will be placed on one upper arm (study arm; non-dominant), while the contralateral arm will serve as a control (control arm).
  • RH-PAT probes will be placed on one finger (finger II, III, or IV) of each hand (same finger on both hands). The fingers on either side of the one with the probe will be separated using soft sponge rings.
  • Continuous recording of pulsatile blood volume responses from both hands will be initiated.
  • After a 10-min equilibration period, the blood pressure cuff on the study arm will be inflated to 60 mm Hg above systolic pressure for 5 min. The cuff will then be deflated to induce reactive hyperemia, PAT recording will be stopped.
Other Names:
  • EndoPat
Device: Calf Blood Flow in Reactive Hyperemia (CBF-RH)
Calf blood flow (CBF) will be determined using venous occlusion plethysmography and calibrated mercury strain-gauges during reactive hyperemia after a 5 min of ischemia of the distal limb. Strain-gauges will be applied to the widest part of the non-dominant calf (~10 cm below patella). Participants will remain quietly supine for 10 min with legs elevated on foam pads above the right atrium to achieve stable baseline measurements of CBF. The venous occlusion cuff is inflated for 4 seconds at 8 seconds intervals, while monitoring the change in resistance in the system, pressure inside the measuring cuff, and 5-10 determinations are performed
Other Names:
  • Hokansan strain guage venous plethysmography
Device: Evaluation of Forearm-Mediated Dilation
The arm will be kept extended and immobilized at heart level. Brachial artery diameter will be measured using a high resolution ultrasonography using a linear array probe with a 5 to 17 MHz frequency range. The brachial artery will be imaged in longitudinal sections, 5-10 cm proximal to placement of an occlusion cuff in the dominant forearm just below the antecubital fossa. The probe will be held with a stereotaxic holder with micrometer movement capabilities.
Other Names:
  • Ultrasound
Other: Low Sodium Diet (POTS & Controls)

Participants will consume a very low sodium diet (10 mEq/day) for 4-5 days prior to study day.

Procedures include: blood work, urine collection, Pulsitile Arterial Tonometry (PAT), PAT analysis, Calf Blood Flow in Reactive Hyperemia (CBF-RH), & evaluation of forearm-mediated dilation.
Procedure: Pulsitile Arterial Tonometry (PAT) Protocol
  • A blood pressure cuff will be placed on one upper arm (study arm; non-dominant), while the contralateral arm will serve as a control (control arm).
  • RH-PAT probes will be placed on one finger (finger II, III, or IV) of each hand (same finger on both hands). The fingers on either side of the one with the probe will be separated using soft sponge rings.
  • Continuous recording of pulsatile blood volume responses from both hands will be initiated.
  • After a 10-min equilibration period, the blood pressure cuff on the study arm will be inflated to 60 mm Hg above systolic pressure for 5 min. The cuff will then be deflated to induce reactive hyperemia, PAT recording will be stopped.
Other Names:
  • EndoPat
Device: Calf Blood Flow in Reactive Hyperemia (CBF-RH)
Calf blood flow (CBF) will be determined using venous occlusion plethysmography and calibrated mercury strain-gauges during reactive hyperemia after a 5 min of ischemia of the distal limb. Strain-gauges will be applied to the widest part of the non-dominant calf (~10 cm below patella). Participants will remain quietly supine for 10 min with legs elevated on foam pads above the right atrium to achieve stable baseline measurements of CBF. The venous occlusion cuff is inflated for 4 seconds at 8 seconds intervals, while monitoring the change in resistance in the system, pressure inside the measuring cuff, and 5-10 determinations are performed
Other Names:
  • Hokansan strain guage venous plethysmography
Device: Evaluation of Forearm-Mediated Dilation
The arm will be kept extended and immobilized at heart level. Brachial artery diameter will be measured using a high resolution ultrasonography using a linear array probe with a 5 to 17 MHz frequency range. The brachial artery will be imaged in longitudinal sections, 5-10 cm proximal to placement of an occlusion cuff in the dominant forearm just below the antecubital fossa. The probe will be held with a stereotaxic holder with micrometer movement capabilities.
Other Names:
  • Ultrasound

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
FMD (% Change)
Time Frame: FMD was assessed on the morning of day 7, after 6 days of being on either a high salt diet or a low salt diet.
The primary analysis will involve a non-parametric, paired, Signed Rank test of flow mediated dilation (FMD) between all subjects (POTS & control subjects) on the high sodium diet vs low sodium diet
FMD was assessed on the morning of day 7, after 6 days of being on either a high salt diet or a low salt diet.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Collaborators

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

April 1, 2012

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 1, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

September 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 2, 2012

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 6, 2012

First Posted (Estimate)

March 9, 2012

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 5, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 7, 2021

Last Verified

December 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 111577
  • R01HL102387 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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