Study in Cancer Patients With Central Line Associated Clots in the Upper Extremity Treated With Rivaroxaban (Catheter 2)

A Pilot Study in Cancer Patients With Central Venous Catheter Associated Deep Vein Thrombosis in the Upper Extremity Treated With Rivaroxaban (Catheter 2)

Patients with cancer and an upper extremity DVT associated with a central venous catheter (CVC) will receive rivaroxaban. CVC survival will be assessed and compared to previous rates with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and warfarin, along with secondary safety outcomes including bleeding and recurrent venous thromboembolism.

The investigators hypothesize that anticoagulation with rivaroxaban in patients with UEDVT secondary to central venous catheters in patients with active malignancy is an effective therapy as quantified by the success of catheter preservation. Prolonged line salvage rate without recurrence of UEDVT will improve the management of cancer patients who develop an upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in the setting of a central venous catheter.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Central Venous Catheter Thrombosis; Neoplasm
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Rivaroxaban

Detailed Description

This will be a prospective cohort study of patients who present with an acute upper limb thrombosis in the setting of a central venous catheter. The total study duration will be 12 weeks, with one follow up telephone visit at 6 months. All patients will be treated with rivaroxaban at a dose of 15 mg orally twice daily for three weeks, followed by 20 mg daily. Anticoagulation will continue for three months regardless of the length of time the catheter is in place. Continuation of anticoagulation beyond this time period is at the discretion of the investigators.

Strengths of this study include its prospective cohort format, and access to a large oncologic population through the London Regional Cancer Program and other corresponding centres. In addition, The Catheter Study looking at CVC survival and safety in patients with cancer diagnosed with UEDVT and treated with a bridging protocol of warfarin/dalteparin was organized primarily through the LHSc and results therein could be directly compared to the results from this study given the similar patient population.

Limitations of this study include the small sample size and the fact that there is no LMWH monotherapy comparison group. In addition, this will be an open study with no blinding, given the nature of line survival. There is also the chance that a proportion of patients will have their catheters removed for other reasons, such as finishing treatment or personal preference, which could affect the validity of survival results.

This design was selected given the small number of patients presenting with this diagnosis each year at our centre, which would present difficulty in accruing enough patients for several comparisons group. Results will be compared to the Catheter Study and previous literature.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 70
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • London, Ontario, Canada, N6A5W9
      • London Health Sciences Centre

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or female > 18 years of age.
2. Symptomatic acute upper limb thrombosis in the axillary, subclavian, innominate or internal jugular veins, with or without pulmonary embolism, associated with central venous catheter objectively documented by compression ultrasonography, venogram or CT scan.
3. Diagnosis of active malignancy (other than non-melanoma skin cancer), defined as patients who are either receiving active treatment, or have metastatic disease or who have been diagnosed within the past two years.
4. Willing to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Dialysis catheters.
2. Active bleeding or high risk for major bleeding.
3. Platelet Count < 75 x 109/L.
4. Creatinine Clearance < 30 mL/min.
5. Currently on other anticoagulant with therapeutic intent for another indication.*
6. Pulmonary embolism accompanied by hemodynamic instability or oxygen requirement.
7. Inability to infuse through the catheter after a trial of intraluminal thrombolytic therapy (ie. 2 mg tPA).
8. Patients with AML, ALL or multiple myeloma with a bone marrow or stem cell transplant planned within the next 3 months.
9. Thrombosis involving the brachial or cephalic veins only.
10. Treatment for current episode > 7 days with any acceptable anticoagulant therapy.
11. Concomitant use of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitors (ie. azole antifungals such as ketoconazole) or inducers (ie. rifampicin, antiepileptics).*
12. Recent coronary artery stent requiring dual anti-platelet therapy.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: NA
• Interventional Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
OTHER: Rivaroxaban; Rivaroxaban 15 mg po bid x 3 weeks, followed by rivaroxaban 20 mg po daily x 9 weeks. Then up to discretion of investigator to decide regarding further anticoagulation as study length is limited to 12 weeks.	Drug: Rivaroxaban; All specified in arm description. One arm study.; Other Names: Xarelto

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Proportion of central line failure, defined as infusion failure that does not respond to 2mg tPA.	The primary endpoint of the study will be proportion of central line failure, defined as infusion failure that does not respond to 2mg tPA, within the 3 months of study follow-up.	12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Recurrence of DVT or PE	12 weeks
Major Bleeding	12 weeks
Clinically Relevant Non-Major Bleeding	12 weeks
Death	12 weeks
Time to Central Line Failure	12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: London Health Sciences Centre
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Dr. Michael J. Kovacs, MD, FRCPC, London Health Sciences Centre

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Kovacs MJ, Kahn SR, Rodger M, Anderson DR, Andreou R, Mangel JE, Morrow B, Clement AM, Wells PS. A pilot study of central venous catheter survival in cancer patients using low-molecular-weight heparin (dalteparin) and warfarin without catheter removal for the treatment of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (The Catheter Study). J Thromb Haemost. 2007 Aug;5(8):1650-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02613.x. Epub 2007 May 7.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: November 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): May 1, 2016
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): June 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 15, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 16, 2012
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): October 17, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): September 8, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 6, 2016
• Last Verified: September 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Embolism and Thrombosis; Venous Thrombosis; Thrombosis; Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Protease Inhibitors; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Antithrombins; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; Anticoagulants; Rivaroxaban
• Other Study ID Numbers: Catheter 2