A 6-Month Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetic (PK) Trial of Delamanid in Pediatric Participants With Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

Phase 2, Open-label, Multiple-dose Trial to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Delamanid (OPC-67683) in Pediatric Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Patients on Therapy With an Optimized Background Regimen of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs Over a 6-Month Treatment Period

The purpose of this trial is to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of long-term (6-month) treatment with delamanid plus an optimized background regimen (OBR) of other anti-tuberculosis drugs in pediatric participants who completed Study 242-12-232 (NCT01856634).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Delamanid; Drug: Optimized Background Regimen (OBR); Drug: Delamanid Pediatric Formulation (DPF)

Detailed Description

This study will assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of delamanid plus an optimized background regimen in pediatric participants with MDR-TB over a 6-month treatment period. This long-term study, an extension of Study 242-12-232, will be conducted in participants who have completed Study 242-12-232.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 37
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Philippines
  • Cavite
    • Dasmariñas, Cavite, Philippines
      • De La Salle Health Sciences Institute
  • Metro Manila
    • Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines
      • Lung Center of the Philippines
• South Africa
  • Cape Town
    • Ysterplaat, Cape Town, South Africa
      • Brooklyn Chest Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 1 second to 17 years (CHILD)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Successfully completed Trial 242-12-232
• Confirmed diagnosis of MDR-TB OR

• Presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary or extrapulmonary MDR-TB including one of the following:

  • Clinical specimen suggestive of tuberculosis disease
  • Persistent cough lasting > 2 weeks
  • Fever, weight loss, and failure to thrive
  • Findings on recent chest radiograph (prior to Visit 1) consistent with TB AND
  • Household contact with a person with known MDR-TB or with a person who died while appropriately taking drugs for sensitive TB OR
  • On first-line TB treatment but with no clinical improvement
• Negative urine pregnancy test for female participants who have reached menarche
• Written informed consent/assent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants who have not completed Trial 242-12-232
• Laboratory evidence of active hepatitis B or C
• Children with body weight < 5.5 kg
• For participants with human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, cluster difference-4 (CD4) cell count ≤ 1000/mm^3 for children 1-5 years old, and ≤ 1500/mm^3 for children less than 1 year old
• History of allergy to metronidazole and any disease or condition in which metronidazole is required
• Use of amiodarone within 12 months or use of other predefined antiarrhythmic medications within 30 days prior to first dose of delamanid
• Serious concomitant conditions
• Pre-existing cardiac conditions
• Abnormalities in Screening electrocardiogram (ECG) [including atrio-ventricular (AV) block, blood brain barrier (BBB) or hemi-block, QRS prolongation > 120 milliseconds (ms), or QT interval corrected by Fridericia's formula (QTcF) > 450 ms in both males and females]
• Concomitant condition such as renal impairment characterized by serum creatinine levels > 1.5 mg/dL, hepatic impairment (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 3x upper limit of normal (ULN)), or hyperbilirubinemia characterized by total bilirubin > 2x ULN
• Current diagnosis of severe malnutrition or kwashiorkor
• Positive urine drug screen (Groups 1 and 2 only)
• Rifampicin and/or moxifloxacin within 1 week prior to the first dose of delamanid and/or any prior or concurrent use of bedaquiline
• Lansky Play Performance Score < 50 (not applicable for children < 1 year old) or Karnofsky Score < 50
• Administered an investigational medicinal product (IMP) within 1 month prior to Visit 1 other than delamanid given as IMP in Trial 242-12-232
• Pregnant, breast-feeding, or planning to conceive or father a child within the timeframe described in the informed consent form (Groups 1 and 2 only)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Group 1: 12 to 17 Years of Age; Participants 12 to 17 years old (inclusive) received adult formulation of delamanid 100 milligrams (mg) (2x50 mg tablets), orally, twice daily (BID) plus optimized background regimen (OBR) up to Day 182. Participants continued to receive OBR up to Day 365.	Drug: Delamanid; Participants received adult formulation delamanid as per regimen specified in the arm description. Morning dose of the delamanid BID regimen was given within 30 minutes after the start of a standard breakfast meal. The evening dose of the BID dose regimen was given 10 hours post morning dose and within 30 minutes after the start of a standard dinner meal.; Other Names: OPC-67683; Drug: Optimized Background Regimen (OBR); Selection and administration of the treatment medications (i.e. OBRs) was based on Search Results Web result with site links World Health Organization (WHO's) Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB, in conjunction with national TB program guidelines. Study Investigator could change OBR for a participant based on his/her tolerability and drug susceptibility testing (DST) results.
EXPERIMENTAL: Group 2: 6 to 11 Years of Age; Participants 6 to 11 years old (inclusive) received adult formulation delamanid 50 mg (1x50 mg tablet), orally, BID plus OBR up to Day 182. Participants continued to receive OBR up to Day 365.	Drug: Delamanid; Participants received adult formulation delamanid as per regimen specified in the arm description. Morning dose of the delamanid BID regimen was given within 30 minutes after the start of a standard breakfast meal. The evening dose of the BID dose regimen was given 10 hours post morning dose and within 30 minutes after the start of a standard dinner meal.; Other Names: OPC-67683; Drug: Optimized Background Regimen (OBR); Selection and administration of the treatment medications (i.e. OBRs) was based on Search Results Web result with site links World Health Organization (WHO's) Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB, in conjunction with national TB program guidelines. Study Investigator could change OBR for a participant based on his/her tolerability and drug susceptibility testing (DST) results.
EXPERIMENTAL: Group 3: 3 to 5 Years of Age; Participants 3 to 5 years old (inclusive) received 25 mg pediatric formulation of delamanid (DPF - suspension prepared using dispersible tablet), orally, BID plus OBR up to Day 182. Participants continued to receive OBR up to Day 365.	Drug: Optimized Background Regimen (OBR); Selection and administration of the treatment medications (i.e. OBRs) was based on Search Results Web result with site links World Health Organization (WHO's) Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB, in conjunction with national TB program guidelines. Study Investigator could change OBR for a participant based on his/her tolerability and drug susceptibility testing (DST) results.; Drug: Delamanid Pediatric Formulation (DPF); Participants received delamanid as an extemporaneous suspension using the delamanid pediatric dispersible tablet formulation. Morning dose of the delamanid BID/once daily (QD) regimen was given within 30 minutes after the start of a standard breakfast meal. The evening dose of the BID dose regimen was given 10 hours post morning dose and within 30 minutes after the start of a standard meal.
EXPERIMENTAL: Group 4: Birth to 2 Years of Age; Participants from birth to 2 years old (inclusive) received DPF (suspension prepared using dispersible tablet) for 182 days plus OBR. Participants continued to receive OBR up to Day 365. The DPF dose was based on the participant's body weight during the baseline visit: Participants >10 kilograms (kg) received DPF 10 mg BID plus OBR; Participants >8 kg and ≤10 kg received DPF 5 mg BID plus OBR; Participants ≥5.5 kg and ≤8 kg received DPF 5 mg once per day (QD) plus OBR Delamanid dose was adjusted as needed for Group 4 participants based on the weight measurement at specified study visits [Visits 5 (Day 28), 7 (Day 56), 9 (Day 84), 11 (Day 126) and 12 (Day 154)].	Drug: Optimized Background Regimen (OBR); Selection and administration of the treatment medications (i.e. OBRs) was based on Search Results Web result with site links World Health Organization (WHO's) Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB, in conjunction with national TB program guidelines. Study Investigator could change OBR for a participant based on his/her tolerability and drug susceptibility testing (DST) results.; Drug: Delamanid Pediatric Formulation (DPF); Participants received delamanid as an extemporaneous suspension using the delamanid pediatric dispersible tablet formulation. Morning dose of the delamanid BID/once daily (QD) regimen was given within 30 minutes after the start of a standard breakfast meal. The evening dose of the BID dose regimen was given 10 hours post morning dose and within 30 minutes after the start of a standard meal.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With At Least One Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)	An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical trial participant and that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. A TEAE is defined as an AE that occurred after the administration of investigational medicinal product (IMP).	From the first dose of study drug up to the end of the Post-treatment Follow-up Period (Up to Day 365)
Number of Participants With Abnormal Physical Examination Values	Physical examination included the examination of the abdomen; extremities; head, eyes, ears, nose (HEENT); neurological; skin and mucosae; thorax; urogenital; audiometry assessment and visual assessment. Participants with abnormal values, as assessed by the investigator were reported.	From the first dose of study drug up to the end of the Post-treatment Follow-up Period (Up to Day 365)
Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Sign Values	Vital signs included weight (kg), height (cm), body temperature (degree Celsius), heart rate (beats/min), respiratory rate (breaths/minute), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m^2). The criteria for clinically significant abnormal value for weight was decrease or increase of >=5% in body weight relative to Baseline. Only categories with data for potentially clinically significant abnormal vital sign parameter values are reported.	From the first dose of study drug up to the end of the Post-treatment Follow-up Period (Up to Day 365)
Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormalities in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Values	The criteria for clinically significant abnormal ECG values were ventricular rate outlier (<50 bpm and decrease of >=25%, >100 bpm and increase of >=25%), PR outlier (increase of >=25% when PR >200 milliseconds (ms)), QRS outlier (increase of >=25% when QRS >100 ms), QT (new onset (in treatment period but not at Baseline) [>500 ms]), QT interval corrected by Bazett's formula (QTcB) (new onset [>450, >480, >500 ms], increase of >=30 ms and <= 60 ms or increase of >60 ms), QT interval corrected by Fridericia's formula (QTcF) (new onset [>450, >480, >500 ms], increase of >=30 ms and <= 60 ms or increase of >60 ms), new abnormal U waves, new ST segment changes, new T wave changes, new abnormal rhythm, new conduction abnormality were reported as categories. Only categories with data are reported.	From the first dose of study drug up to the end of the Post-treatment Follow-up Period (Up to Day 365)
Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Laboratory Test Abnormalities	Laboratory assessments included parameters for serum chemistry, hematology and urinalysis along with adrenocorticotropic hormone, serum cortisol, free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein cell count. The participants were categorized based on the clinically significant laboratory values as per protocol predefined criteria. The categories with at least one participant with clinically significant value outside the normal range for laboratory assessments are reported. The normal ranges for those laboratory parameters were potassium 3.4 - 5.4 milliequivalents/liter (mEq/L), uric acid 3.9 - 8.2 mg/dL, partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 9.7 - 12.3 sec, platelet count 180 - 440 thousands platelets/μL.	From the first dose of study drug up to the end of the Post-treatment Follow-up Period (Up to Day 365)
Population Pharmacokinetic (POPPK) Model Point Estimate for Central Clearance (L) and Inter-compartmental Clearance (Q) of Delamanid	Central clearance is defined as plasma volume in the vascular compartment that is cleared of drug per unit of time. Inter-compartmental clearance is defined as a ratio of the drug's distribution rate between the central compartment and the peripheral compartments over its circulating concentration (L/hr). Population point estimates were based on POPPK analysis to find one measure each for both L and Q. The exposure data were pooled across visits and participants to identify POPPK parameter estimates and were reported for delamanid.	Predose on Days 1, 56, 154, and 182, 210 and at any time point on Days 14, 98, 189, 196, 203, and 238
POPPK Model Point Estimate for Central Volume of Distribution (Vc) and Peripheral Volume of Distribution (Vp) of Delamanid	Vc is defined as the theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the total amount of an administered drug at the same concentration that it is observed in the blood plasma. Vp is defined as the apparent volume needed to account for the total amount of drug in the body if the drug was evenly distributed throughout the body and in the same concentration as the site of sample collection such as peripheral venous plasma. Population point estimates were based on POPPK analysis to find one measure each for both Vc and Vp. The exposure data were pooled across visits and participants to identify POPPK parameter estimates and were reported for delamanid.	Predose on Days 1, 56, 154, and 182, 210 and at any time point on Days 14, 98, 189, 196, 203, and 238
POPPK Model Point Estimate for Absorption Rate Constant (Ka) of Delamanid	Ka is defined as a measure of rate at which a drug enters into the circulatory system. Population point estimate for Ka was based on population PK analysis to find one measure. Population point estimates were based on POPPK analysis to find one measure for Ka. The exposure data were pooled across visits and participants to identify POPPK parameter estimates and were reported for delamanid.	Predose on Days 1, 56, 154, and 182, 210 and at any time point on Days 14, 98, 189, 196, 203, and 238
POPPK Model Point Estimate for Absorption Lag Time (ALAG1) of Delamanid	ALAG1 is defined as the time delay prior to the commencement of drug absorption. Population point estimates were based on POPPK analysis to find one measure for ALAG1. The exposure data were pooled across visits and participants to identify POPPK parameter estimates and were reported for delamanid.	Predose on Days 1, 56, 154, and 182, 210 and at any time point on Days 14, 98, 189, 196, 203, and 238

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Baseline QT Interval (QTcB) Effect	The 12-lead ECG was performed to obtain recordings of heart rate (QT interval) to analyze QTcB effect.	Baseline (Day -1)
PK/PD Relationship: POPPK Model Point Estimate for Slope of Linear Mixed Effects Model for Change in QTcB Interval Versus Delamanid Plasma Concentrations	The linear mixed effects model was applied to characterize the concentration-QTcB relationship of delamanid/DM-6705 to obtain population slope estimate.	Predose on Days 1, 56, 154, and 182, 210 and at any time point on Days 14, 98, 189, 196, 203, and 238
Number of Participants With Treatment Outcome as Assessed by Principal Investigator	Treatment outcome was defined as favorable (cured and completed treatment) and unfavorable (lost to follow-up or died).	Month 24
Number of Participants With Abnormal Chest X-ray	The data for the chest X-ray with abnormality, as assessed by investigator is reported.	From the first dose of study drug up to the end of the Post-treatment Follow-up Period (Up to Day 365)
Number of Participants With Investigator-Assessed Signs and Symptoms of Tuberculosis	The following signs and symptoms of tuberculosis were assessed by the investigator: cough, fever, weight loss, failure to thrive, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, night sweats and loss of appetite.	From the first dose of study drug up to the end of the Post-treatment Follow-up Period (Up to Day 365)
Sputum Culture Conversion (SCC)	SCC was defined as a sputum specimen from a participant negative for growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), followed by at least one confirmatory negative sputum culture at least 27 days after the first negative sputum test and not followed by any sputum cultures positive for growth.	From the first dose of study drug up to the end of the Post-treatment Follow-up Period (Up to Day 365)
Number of Participants With Palatability Score as Assessed by the Investigator	The palatability of the pediatric formulation was assessed using an age-appropriate visual hedonic scale and clinical assessment (Groups 3 and 4 only). The palatability result was based on 1 of 5 responses: 1=Dislike very much, 2=Dislike a little, 3=Neither liked nor disliked, 4=Like a little, 5=Like very much. Participants were categorized based on different scores. The data per the investigator score are reported.	Days 1, 28, 56 and 182
Number of Participants With Palatability Score as Assessed by the Parent or Participant	The palatability of the pediatric formulation was assessed using an age-appropriate visual hedonic scale and clinical assessment (Groups 3 and 4 only). The palatability result was based on 1 of 5 responses: 1=Dislike very much, 2=Dislike a little, 3=Neither liked nor disliked, 4=Like a little, 5=Like very much. The data per parent/patient score are reported. Participants were categorized based on different scores.	Days 1, 28, 56 and 182

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Melchor VG Frias, IV, MD, De La Salle Health Sciences Institute; Principal Investigator: Anjanette Reyes-De Leon, MD, Lung Center of the Philippines; Principal Investigator: Louvina van der Laan, MD, Brooklyn Chest Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Garcia-Prats AJ, Frias M, van der Laan L, De Leon A, Gler MT, Schaaf HS, Hesseling AC, Malikaarjun S, Hafkin J. Delamanid Added to an Optimized Background Regimen in Children with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Results of a Phase I/II Clinical Trial. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022 May 17;66(5):e0214421. doi: 10.1128/aac.02144-21. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): July 20, 2013
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): January 13, 2020
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): January 13, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 15, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 21, 2013
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): May 22, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): November 23, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 29, 2020
• Last Verified: October 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Pediatric; Bacterial Infections; Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium Infections; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Gram-Positive Infections; Actinomycetes Infections
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Infections; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Infections and Mycoses; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Actinomycetales Infections; Mycobacterium Infections; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
• Other Study ID Numbers: 242-12-233; 2012-004620-38 (EUDRACT_NUMBER)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: Anonymized Individual participant data (IPD) that underlie the results of this study will be shared with researchers to achieve aims pre-specified in a methodologically sound research proposal. Small studies with less than 25 participants are excluded from data sharing.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: Data will be available after marketing approval in global markets, or beginning 1-3 years following article publication. There is no end date to the availability of the data.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Otsuka will share data on an Otsuka-owned remotely accessible data sharing platform with Python and R analytical software. Research requests should be directed to clinicaltransparency@Otsuka-us.com
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No