Clobazam Adjunctive Treatment of Adults With Refractory Focal Epilepsy

Prospective Open Label Evaluation of Clobazam Adjunctive Treatment of Adults With Refractory Focal Epilepsy: A Pilot Study

The goal of the present study is to obtain pilot data on efficacy and safety of clobazam add-on treatment on adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

This will be an open label study comparing seizure frequency during 12 weeks of baseline observation period with seizure frequency during 16 weeks of clobazam adjunctive treatment. 10 adults aged 18-65 with focal seizures that have failed to respond to ≥ 4 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) +/- respective surgery will be enrolled. Following a baseline of 12 weeks patients will be started on clobazam, administered orally in b.i.d. schedule. In patients in whom seizure diaries have been kept prospectively prior to study screening visit, retrospective baseline will be accepted. Patients will be titrated up to either seizure freedom, to side effects or to 40 mg/day, whichever comes first. Titration rate will be not be forced. It is anticipated that the majority of subjects will have a 4 week-long titration period. After maximum dose is achieved, maintenance treatment will last for 12 weeks.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Epilepsy
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Clobazam

Detailed Description

Approximately 35 % of patients with epilepsy do not respond to treatment with medications. There is a need for new treatment of refractory focal epilepsy. Clobazam was approved in 2011 in the US for treatment of refractory seizures in patients with Lennox Gastaut syndrome (LGS). Patients with LGS have different seizure types. While pivotal studies evaluated primary generalized seizures, LGS patients also have focal seizures. The goal of the present study is to obtain pilot data on efficacy and safety of clobazam add-on treatment on adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

This will be an open label study comparing seizure frequency during 12 weeks of baseline observation period with seizure frequency during 16 weeks of clobazam adjunctive treatment. 10 adults aged 18-65 with focal seizures that have failed to respond to ≥ 4 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) +/- respective surgery will be enrolled. Following a baseline of 12 weeks, patients will be started on clobazam, administered orally in b.i.d. schedule. In patients in whom seizure diaries have been kept prospectively prior to study screening visit, retrospective baseline will be accepted. Patients will be titrated up to either seizure freedom, to side effects or to 40 mg/day, whichever comes first. Titration rate will be not be forced. It is anticipated that the majority of subjects will have a 4 week-long titration period. After maximum dose is achieved, maintenance treatment will last for 12 weeks.

Primary efficacy outcome measure will be seizure freedom for 3 months of maintenance treatment with the highest tolerated clobazam dose. Secondary outcome measures will include >75% seizure frequency reduction and median seizure frequency reduction for the whole treatment duration and for the maintenance treatment period, comparing seizure frequency per 28 day periods during treatment vs. baseline. Primary safety outcome measures will include treatment emergent adverse events, and treatment discontinuation due to treatment emergent adverse events.

The number of subjects will be small, n=10. It is therefore likely that results obtained in the present study will not be statistically significant. The goal of the present study is to ascertain whether clobazam add-on treatment in adults with refractory focal epilepsy gives a signal of efficacy greater than that demonstrated with other second and third generation anticonvulsants such as levetiracetam, pregabalin, lacosamide and perampanel; specifically whether clobazam adjunctive treatment shows a trend towards 75% response and seizure freedom rate that surpasses those seen in phase 3 levetiracetam, pregabalin, lacosamide and perampanel studies. The results, if positive, will be used to design a larger controlled study would follow.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 20
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Pavel Klein, M.D.; Phone Number: 3015309744; Email: kleinp@epilepsydc.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Ivana Tyrlikova, M.D.; Phone Number: 2404089665; Email: tyrlikovai@epilepsydc.com

Study Locations

• United States
  • Maryland
    • Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20817
      • Recruiting
      • Midatlantic Epilepsy and Sleep Center
      • Principal Investigator: Pavel Klein, MD
      • Contact: Ivana Tyrlikova; Phone Number: 301-530-9744; Email: tyrlikovai@epilepsydc.com
      • Contact: Pavel Klein, MD; Phone Number: 301-704-4925; Email: kleinp@epilepsydc.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years to 63 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18-65
2. Stable focal epilepsy, with partial complex seizures including partial complex seizures with or without secondary generalization, partial simple seizures with a clear motor component with or without secondary generalization, and partial simple seizures with secondary generalization.
3. Stable AED doses for at least 30 days
4. Epilepsy duration for > 2 years
5. Past/current treatment with > 4 AEDs. Vagal nerve stimulator treatment will be allowed and will not count as an AED. VNS setting must be stable for 3 months prior to enrollment.
6. Seizure frequency of ≥1/month

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Primary generalized epilepsy
2. Simple partial seizures without motor components or secondary generalization
3. Non-epileptic seizures
4. Progressive neurological disease including neoplasm, CNS degenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, other forms of dementia
5. Any systemic illness or unstable medical condition that might pose additional risk, including renal or liver disease, clinically uncontrolled cardiac disease, other unstable metabolic or endocrine disturbances, and active systemic cancer
6. Change in the dose of any Antiepileptic Drug within 30 days prior to enrollment
7. Psychosis within six months of enrollment.
8. Active drug or alcohol dependence or any other factors that, in the opinion of the site investigators would interfere with adherence to study requirements;
9. Pregnancy
10. Use of any CNS-active investigational drugs within 3 months of enrollment.
11. Inability or unwillingness of subject or legal guardian/representative to give written informed consent.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: Clobazam treatment; This will be an open label study comparing seizure frequency during 12 weeks of baseline observation period with seizure frequency during 16 weeks of clobazam adjunctive treatment	Drug: Clobazam; Following a baseline of 12 weeks patients will be started on clobazam, administered orally in b.i.d. schedule. In patients in whom seizure diaries have been kept prospectively prior to study screening visit, retrospective baseline will be accepted. Patients will be titrated up to either seizure freedom, to side effects or to 40 mg/day, whichever comes first; Other Names: Onfi

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
seizure freedom	seizure freedom for 3 months of maintenance treatment with the highest tolerated clobazam dose	12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
>75% seizure frequency reduction and median seizure frequency reduction for the whole treatment duration	Secondary outcome measures will include >75% seizure frequency reduction and median seizure frequency reduction for the whole treatment duration and for the maintenance treatment period, comparing seizure frequency per 28 day periods during treatment vs. baseline.	16 weeks
median seizure frequency reduction for the whole treatment duration	median seizure frequency reduction for the whole treatment duration	16 weeks
comparing seizure frequency per 28 day periods during treatment vs. baseline	comparing seizure frequency per 28 day periods during treatment vs. baseline	16 weeks
quality of life questionnaire (QOLIE-31-P) scores		16 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Pavel Klein
• Collaborators: H. Lundbeck A/S
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Pavel Klein, M.D., Mid-Atlantic Epilepsy and Sleep Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: February 1, 2015
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): June 1, 2018
• Study Completion (Anticipated): June 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 13, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 29, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): April 4, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 23, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 22, 2017
• Last Verified: March 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: focal epilepsy; clobazam
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Epilepsy; Epilepsies, Partial; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Central Nervous System Depressants; Tranquilizing Agents; Psychotropic Drugs; Anti-Anxiety Agents; GABA Agents; Anticonvulsants; GABA-A Receptor Agonists; GABA Agonists; Clobazam
• Other Study ID Numbers: maes 007

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Undecided