A Reeducation Program to Effort to Improve the Walking of Multiple Sclerosis Patients (AEROSEP)

Effects of an Endurance Training Program at Ventilatory Threshold on the Walking Distance of Ambulatory Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. In France, it concerns approximately 80 000 patients and represents one of the most frequent neurological affections in young adults. Effort deconditioning of people affected by MS is already proven, but it is not just linked to the disease itself. The decrease of capacities to produce an effort is aggravated by neurovegetative and cardiovascular disorders. The limitation or the complete stop of physical activity is often linked to the fear of a handicap aggravation. Causes of stop are multiple, including fatigue and balance disorders, even if the handicap level is low (average EDSS = 2). Walking disorders generated by MS are frequent, represent the first symptom of the disease (10 to 20 % of cases) and alter significantly the quality of life.

Some reeducation programs were proposed in hospitalization with some efficiency on functional capacities. It is now admitted that physical exercise is not noxious, and allows the implementation of effort reeducation for MS. Randomized controlled studies have shown in MS patients an improvement of physical abilities, of O2max (aerobic capacity), of quality of life and a decrease of fatigue. For MS, only a few studies estimate the effect of effort reeducation on treadmill. Unfortunately, the efficiency of these programs on walking endurance are controversial.

During the maximal cardiorespiratory effort test, the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) corresponds to a greater increasing of CO2 compared to O2. The identification of VT1 allows the precise determination of the limit from which the body is incapable of producing the necessary energy to realize an effort using the aerobic metabolism. The VT1 is situated at a level of load with enough intensity for the subject to support the test without dyspnea. A VT1 lower than 40 % of the theoretical VO2 max is considered as a marker of maladjustment to effort due to dyspnea and excessive muscular fatigue. This indication is very informative about the quality of life of patients.

The goal of this study is to apply a personalized reeducation concerning the working load pre-hyperventilation to deconditioned subjects, easily worried by effort induced breathlessness and fatigue in order to get the optimization of the aerobic function. The hypothesis is that reeducation at this level improves the distance of walking and the quality of life of patients affected by MS.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Multiple Sclerosis
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Effort reeducation program

Detailed Description

Multiple sclerosis is a disease affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. In France, it concerns approximately 80 000 patients and represents one of the most frequent neurological affections in young adults. There are several symptoms, including pyramidal syndrome, sensory syndrome, visual disorders, fatigue, bladder-sphincter disorders, etc. It is an unpredictable chronic disease. Most of the time, it evolves by relapse at the beginning, then, after a few years, the disease becomes secondarily progressive. In some cases, the evolution is directly progressive.

Efforts oriented to the deconditioning of people affected by multiple sclerosis are already proven, but they are not only linked to the disease itself. The decrease of capacities to produce an effort is aggravated by neurovegetative and cardiovascular disorders.

The limitation, even the complete stop, of physical activity is often linked to the fear of a handicap aggravation. Causes of stop are multiple, including fatigue (general and muscular) and balance disorders, even if the handicap level is low (average EDSS = 2).

Walking disorders generated by this pathology are frequent and represent the first symptom of the disease (10 to 20 % of cases). These walking disorders quickly appear and alter significantly the quality of life.

After several years of evolution, functional effects are more and more pronounced. The walking perimeter is estimated at 500 meters without help after 7 years of evolution on average, and no more than 100 meters after 15 years of evolution. At this stage, 50 % of patients need a technical help to move.

Some reeducation programs were proposed in hospitalization with some efficiency on functional capacities. It is now admitted that physical exercise is not noxious, and allows the implementation of effort reeducation for this pathology. Randomized controlled studies have shown in multiple sclerosis patients an improvement of physical abilities, of O2max (aerobic capacity), a decrease of fatigue and an improvement of quality of life.

Actually, the cyclo-ergometer is the most common device used for the effort reeducation. Another approach is the use of a treadmill, based on the improvement of the walking reflex modeling and the enhancement of the specific walking work, thanks to a high frequency of repetitions. This device seems more adapted for the improvement of walking disorders than the cyclo-ergometer.

For this pathology, only a few studies estimated the effect of effort reeducation on treadmill. Unfortunately, the efficiency of these programs on walking endurance is not well known and results are controversial. Indeed, only two randomized, controlled trials showed improvements of the walking speed and the energy cost of walking.

However, the impact on the 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT) was contradictory, probably due to the population studied (different EDSS and age) and the training duration (4 weeks Vs 8 weeks). Moreover, in these studies, the effort intensity is most of time determined from an arbitrary percentage of the theoretical maximal heart rate (HR) or the VO2max.

The heart rate corresponding to the level of load of the ventilatory threshold (VT) described by Wasserman and al (1973) could be more efficient to measure the intensity of reeducation, compared to a heart rate (HR) determined from an arbitrary percentage. Four reasons are highlighted:

1. The ventilatory threshold represents a well defined metabolic level (individualized measure)
2. According to the subjects, ventilator threshold is not a constant percentage of "O2max", and suggests that it is also an individualized measure.
3. During the maximal cardiorespiratory effort test, the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) corresponds to a greater increasing of CO2 compared to O2. The identification of this threshold allows the precise determination of the limit from which the body is incapable of producing the necessary energy to realize an effort using the aerobic metabolism.
4. The VT1 is situated at a level of load with enough intensity for the subject to support the test without dyspnea. A VT1 lower than 40 % of the theoretical VO2 max is considered as a marker of maladjustment to effort due to dyspnea and excessive muscular fatigue. This indication is very informative about the quality of life of patients.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 46
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Jean-Jacques Vitagliano, PhD; Phone Number: +33 3 20 22 57 51; Email: Vitagliano.Jean-Jacques@ghicl.net

Study Locations

• France
  • Nord Pas-de-Calais
    • Amiens, Nord Pas-de-Calais, France, 80000
      • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens
    • Berck, Nord Pas-de-Calais, France, 62600
      • Centre Jacques Calvé
    • Lille, Nord Pas-de-Calais, France, 59000
      • Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'institut Catholique de Lille
    • Lille, Nord Pas-de-Calais, France, 59000
      • Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• People with remittent or progressive multiple sclerosis defined by the criteria of Mc Donald revised in 2005
• Expended Disability Status Scale (EDSS) between 4 and 6
• Age between 18 and 65 years old
• No defined relapse of MS for at least 6 weeks
• At least more than 4 weeks since the last corticoids bolus
• Coverage of the social insurance

Exclusion Criteria:

• Understanding disorders
• Medical history of orthopaedic or and rheumatologic invalidating
• Contraindications to test effort, after a cardiological consultation and ECG
• Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases not stabilized
• Osteo-articular diseases not stabilized
• Pregnant or breast-feeding woman

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control; Routine activities
Experimental: Experimental; Effort reeducation program : 3 sessions of 20 minutes per week during 6 weeks	Other: Effort reeducation program; personalized reeducation program at a load level preceding hyperventilation

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Distance estimated by the 6 minutes Walk Test	Distance covered during 6 minutes estimated by the 6 minutes Walk Test (6MWT) performed at the inclusion visit then at 6 weeks and at 3 months after the effort reeducation program (experimental group) or not (control group).	Change in baseline at 6 weeks and at 3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Walking speed measured by the timed 25-ft walk test (T25FWT)		Change in baseline at 6 weeks and at 3 months
Heart rate estimation at the end of the 6 minutes walk test		Change in baseline at 6 weeks and at 3 months
Walking perception measured by the Twelve Item MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12) scale	It is an auto-questionnaire which estimates the impact of the disease on the walk capacity.	Change in baseline at 6 weeks and at 3 months
Effort test for the estimation of the maximal consumption of oxygen (O2max)		Change in baseline at 6 weeks and at 3 months
Multiple sclerosis-59 French scale for the estimation of the quality of life		Change in baseline at 6 weeks and at 3 months
Fatigue Impact Scale (EMIF-SEP)		Change in baseline at 6 weeks and at 3 months
Effort test for the estimation of the ventilatory threshold (VT1)		Change in baseline at 6 weeks and at 3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Lille Catholic University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Caroline Massot, MD, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'institut Catholique de Lille

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 7, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 14, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): January 14, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 17, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 17, 2016
• First Posted (Estimated): August 22, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 26, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 25, 2024
• Last Verified: March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; Ventilatory threshold; Effort Reeducation
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Nervous System Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System; Demyelinating Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Multiple Sclerosis; Sclerosis
• Other Study ID Numbers: RC-P0048; 2016-A00745-46 (Other Identifier: ANSM)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No