mFOLFOX6 vs. mFOLFOX6 + Aflibercept as Neoadjuvant Treatment in MRI-defined T3-rectal Cancer

mFOLFOX6 vs. mFOLFOX6 + Aflibercept as Neoadjuvant Treatment in MRI-defined T3-rectal Cancer: a Randomized Phase-II-trial

Patients with locally advanced rectal or rectosigmoid cancer staged cT3 CRM-negative with MRI will receive 6 cycles of neoadjuvant treatment with mFOLFOX6 (Arm A) vs. mFOLFOX6 + aflibercept (Arm B) followed by surgery.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Rectal Cancer; Rectosigmoid Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Oxaliplatin; Drug: 5-FU; Drug: Leucovorin; Biological: Aflibercept

Detailed Description

Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer are generally recommended to receive preoperative radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy. The advantage of combined-modality therapy in rectal cancer is that it has reduced local pelvic recurrence - a dreaded and morbid event - to rates of about 10%. There is good quality evidence that preoperative radiotherapy reduces local recurrence but there is little if any impact on overall survival. One strategy to reduce the distant recurrence rate, and thereby increase the cure rate, would be to introduce systemic treatment earlier to prevent dissemination of micrometastases. The present trial is designed to compare two neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens in patients with non-metastatic T3 CRM-negative rectal cancers using quality-controlled MRI of the pelvis as a main inclusion criterion. This strategy is believed to reduce acute and long-term toxicity caused by preoperative radiotherapy and to administer effective systemic chemotherapy early in the course of disease as neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 119
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Germany
  • Mannheim, Germany, 68167
    • Tagestherapiezentrum am ITM & III. Med. Klinik

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥ 18 years on day of signing informed consent
2. Signed and dated informed consent, and willing and able to comply with protocol requirements
3. WHO/ECOG Performance Status (PS) 0-1
4. Diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma
5. Candidate for sphincter-sparing surgical resection prior to neoadjuvant therapy according to the primary surgeon, i.e. no patient will be included for whom surgeon indicates need for abdomino-perineal resection (APR) at baseline.

6. Clinical staging is based on the combination of the following assessments:

   • Physical examination by the primary surgeon
   • CT scan of the chest/abdomen
   • Pelvic MRI
   • Rigid rectoscopy / endoscopic ultrasound (ERUS).
   • Both examinations (i.e. MRI and ERUS) are mandatory.

7. The tumor has to fulfill the following criteria:

   • No symptomatic bowel obstruction
   • Locally advanced rectal and rectosigmoid cancer, i.e. lower border of tumor > 5 cm and < 16 cm from anal verge as determined by rigid rectoscopy

   • MRI criteria:

     1. Lower border of tumor below a line defined by promontorium and symphysis, regardless of the criterion "< 16 cm from anal verge as determined by rigid rectoscopy".
     2. No evidence that tumor is adjacent to (defined as within 2 mm of) the mesorectal fascia on MRI (i.e. CRM > 2 mm)
     3. Only T3-tumors are included, i.e infiltration into perirectal fat < 10 mm provided CRM > 2 mm
     4. Note: MRI criteria are used for the definition of T3 tumor (i.e. exclusion of T2 and T4 situation).

8. Hematological status:

   • Neutrophils (ANC) ≥ 2 x 10^9/L
   • Platelets ≥ 100 x 10^9/L
   • Hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL (previous transfusion of packed blood cells allowed)

9. Adequate renal function:

   • Serum creatinine level ≤ 1.5 x upper limit normal (ULN) or ≤ 1.5 mg/dl
   • Creatinine clearance ≥ 30 ml/min

10. Adequate liver function:

    • Serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x upper limit normal (ULN)
    • Alkaline phosphatase < 3 x ULN
    • AST and ALT < 3 x ULN
11. Proteinuria < 2+ (dipstick urinalysis) or ≤ 1 g/24hour or ≤ 500mg/dl
12. Regular follow-up feasible
13. For female patients of childbearing potential, negative pregnancy test within 1 week (7 Days) prior of starting study treatment
14. Female patients of childbearing potential (i.e. did not undergo surgical sterilization - hysterectomy, bilateral tubal ligation, or bilateral oophorectomy - and is not post-menopausal for at least 24 consecutive months) must commit to using high effective and appropriate methods of contraception until at least 6 months after the end of study treatment such as combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation, progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation, intrauterine device (IUD), intrauterine hormone-releasing system (IUS), bilateral tubal occlusion, vasectomized partner, sexual abstinence. If an oral contraception is used, a barrier method of contraception (e.g. male condom, female condom, cervical cap, diaphragm, contraceptive sponge) has to be applied additionally
15. Fertile male patients with a partner of childbearing potential must commit to using high effective and appropriate methods of contraception (details see above) until at least 9 months after the end of study treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Distant metastases (CT scans of thorax and abdomen are mandatory)
2. cT2 and cT4 tumors (defined by MRI criteria)
3. Exclusion of potentially compromised CRM as defined by MRI criteria (i.e. > 2 mm distance from CRM)
4. Prior antineoplastic therapy for rectal cancer
5. History or evidence upon physical examination of CNS metastasis
6. Uncontrolled hypercalcemia
7. Pre-existing permanent neuropathy (NCI-CTCAE grade ≥ 2)
8. Uncontrolled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure > 150 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg), or history of hypertensive crisis, or hypertensive encephalopathy
9. Concomitant protocol unplanned antitumor therapy (e.g. chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy)
10. Treatment with any other investigational medicinal product within 28 days prior to study entry
11. Known dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency
12. Treatment with CYP3A4 inducers unless discontinued > 7 Days prior to randomization

13. Any of the following in 3 months prior to inclusion:

    • Grade 3-4 gastrointestinal bleeding
    • Treatment resistant peptic ulcer disease
    • Erosive esophagitis or gastritis
    • Infectious or inflammatory bowel disease
    • Diverticulitis
14. Any active infection within 2 weeks prior to study inclusion
15. Vaccination with a live, attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks prior to the first administration of the study medication

16. Other concomitant or previous malignancy, except:

    • Adequately treated in-situ carcinoma of the uterine cervix
    • Basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
    • Cancer in complete remission for > 5 years
17. Any other serious and uncontrolled non-malignant disease, major surgery or traumatic injury within the last 28 days prior to study entry
18. Pregnant or breastfeeding women
19. Patients with known allergy to any constituent to study drugs
20. History of myocardial infarction and/or stroke within 6 months prior to randomization, NYHA class III and IV congestive heart failure
21. Severe renal insufficiency (creatinin clearance < 30 ml/min)
22. Bowel obstruction
23. Contra-indication to the assessment by MRI
24. Involvement in the planning and/or conduct of the study (applies to both Sanofi staff and/or staff of Sponsor and study site)
25. Patient who might be dependent on the sponsor, site or the investigator
26. Patient who has been incarcerated or involuntarily institutionalized by court order or by the authorities § 40 Abs. 1 S. 3 Nr. 4 AMG
27. Patients who are unable to consent because they do not understand the nature, significance and implications of the clinical trial and therefore cannot form a rational intention in the light of the facts [§ 40 Abs. 1 S. 3 Nr. 3a AMG].

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Arm A; 6 cycles chemotherapy with Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 and Leucovorin 350 mg/m^2 i.v. as 2h infusion on Day 1 and 5-FU 400 mg/m^2 i.v. as bolus on Day 1 and 2400 mg/m^2 as 46 h infusion q2w followed by surgery 4 weeks after last neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment	Drug: Oxaliplatin; Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2, as 2h infusion on Day 1 (Arm A + Arm B); Drug: 5-FU; 5-FU 400 mg/m^2 i.v. as bolus on Day 1 and 2400 mg/m^2 as 46 h infusion q2w (Arm A + Arm B); Drug: Leucovorin; Leucovorin 350 mg/m^2 i.v. as 2h infusion on Day 1 (Arm A + Arm B)
EXPERIMENTAL: Arm B; 6 cycles chemotherapy with Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 and Leucovorin 350 mg/m^2 i.v. as 2h infusion on Day 1 and 5-FU 400 mg/m^2 i.v. as bolus on Day 1 and 2400 mg/m^2 as 46 h infusionq2w + Aflibercept 4 mg/kg BW i.v. on Day 1 q2w (6th cycle without Aflibercept) followed by surgery 4 weeks after last neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment	Drug: Oxaliplatin; Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2, as 2h infusion on Day 1 (Arm A + Arm B); Drug: 5-FU; 5-FU 400 mg/m^2 i.v. as bolus on Day 1 and 2400 mg/m^2 as 46 h infusion q2w (Arm A + Arm B); Drug: Leucovorin; Leucovorin 350 mg/m^2 i.v. as 2h infusion on Day 1 (Arm A + Arm B); Biological: Aflibercept; Aflibercept 4 mg/kg BW i.v. on Day 1 q2w (Arm B, Cycles 1 to 5)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pathologic complete response (pCR)	number of patients with a pCR finding divided by the number of patients in the analysis set pCR will be assessed in a standardized manner independently by a central pathology	20 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Dose intensities of study medication	The dose intensities of study medication will be calculated over the whole study duration and will be summarized descriptively by summary statistics.	12 weeks
Type, incidence and severity of AEs, SAEs	AEs will be coded according to the NCI-CTC Criteria Version 4.03. For the analysis, all AEs will be classified as related and not related. AEs will be summarized by presenting the number and percentages of patients having any AE and having an AE in each NCI-CTC category. Summaries will also be presented for AEs by severity and relationship to study medication. Tables will be broken down by study arm. All deaths and serious adverse events will be listed and briefly described.	20 weeks
Dose reduction or discontinuation of study drug due to adverse events	The dose intensities of study medication will be calculated over the whole study duration and will be summarized descriptively by summary statistics.	20 weeks
Rate of treatment discontinuation due to toxicity	Summaries will also be presented for AEs by severity and relationship to study medication. Tables will be broken down by study arm. All deaths and serious adverse events will be listed and briefly described.	20 weeks
Type, incidence and severity of laboratory abnormalities	For relevant laboratory parameters, the distribution over time as well as changes from randomization will be calculated and analyzed descriptively.	20 weeks
Rate of patients with R0-wide resection (according to CRM definitions in S3 guideline-Version 1.1 August 2014)	The R0- and R1 resection as well as downstaging and downsizing using a standardized regression grading (Dworak regression grading) will be analyzed descriptively by means of frequencies and percentages.	20 weeks
Rate of patients with R0-narrow resection (according to CRM definitions in S3 guideline-Version 1.1 August 2014)	The R0- and R1 resection as well as downstaging and downsizing using a standardized regression grading (Dworak regression grading) will be analyzed descriptively by means of frequencies and percentages.	20 weeks
Rate of patients with R1 resection (according to CRM definitions in S3 guideline-Version 1.1 August 2014)	The R0- and R1 resection as well as downstaging and downsizing using a standardized regression grading (Dworak regression grading) will be analyzed descriptively by means of frequencies and percentages.	20 weeks
Rate of patients with locoregional R2 resection (according to CRM definitions in S3 guideline-Version 1.1 August 2014)	The R0- and R1 resection as well as downstaging and downsizing using a standardized regression grading (Dworak regression grading) will be analyzed descriptively by means of frequencies and percentages.	20 weeks
Rate of number of patients with R0-wide, R0-narrow (according to CRM definitions in S3 guideline-Version 1.1 August 2014), R1 and locoregional R2 resection	The R0- and R1 resection as well as downstaging and downsizing using a standardized regression grading (Dworak regression grading) will be analyzed descriptively by means of frequencies and percentages.	20 weeks
Disease-free survival (DFS)	Disease-free survival rate will be analyzed using a two-sided Fisher's exact test at a 5% significance level. In addition, two-sided 95% confidence intervals for DFS rates and difference in rates between both treatment arms will be calculated.	44 weeks
Relapse-free survival (RFS) in resected patients	Relapse-free survival: The length of time after completion of primary treatment (neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgery) until documented relapse (i.e. local relapse, liver metastasis, systemic metastases).	44 weeks
Overall survival (OS) rate	Overall survival: Survival will be calculated from the date of subject enrollment until the date of death from any cause. If no event is observed (e.g. lost to follow-up) OS is censored at the day of last subject contact.	44 weeks
Downstaging ability in resected patients using a standardized regression grading (Dworak regression grading)	The R0- and R1 resection as well as downstaging and downsizing using a standardized regression grading (Dworak regression grading) will be analyzed descriptively by means of frequencies and percentages.	20 weeks
Downsizing ability in resected patients using a standardized regression grading (Dworak regression grading)	The R0- and R1 resection as well as downstaging and downsizing using a standardized regression grading (Dworak regression grading) will be analyzed descriptively by means of frequencies and percentages.	20 weeks
Type, incidence and severity of perioperative medical events within 28 days after surgery are assessed. Perioperative morbidity is categorized according to the Clavien-Dindo-Classification	Perioperative medical events as well as mortality within 28 days after surgery will be summarized by frequencies and percentages broken down per treatment arm.	20 weeks
Mortality after surgery	Perioperative medical events as well as mortality within 28 days after surgery will be summarized by frequencies and percentages broken down per treatment arm.	20 weeks
Vital signs	Vital signs will be analyzed using summary statistics broken down per treatment group and visit.	20 weeks
Physical examination	Physical examination as well as WHO/ECOG will be analyzed by calculating frequencies and percentages broken down per treatment group and visit.	20 weeks
ECOG	Physical examination as well as WHO/ECOG will be analyzed by calculating frequencies and percentages broken down per treatment group and visit.	20 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: AIO-Studien-gGmbH
• Collaborators: Sanofi; Institut für Klinisch-Onkologische Forschung (IKF) Frankfurt
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz, Prof. Dr., Tagestherapiezentrum am ITM & III. Med. Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): March 6, 2017
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): January 11, 2021
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): June 1, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 31, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 2, 2017
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): February 6, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): February 6, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 3, 2023
• Last Verified: February 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: neoadjuvant; Aflibercept; mFOLFOX6; MRI-defined T3
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Digestive System Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Neoplasms; Rectal Diseases; Colorectal Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Antineoplastic Agents; Protective Agents; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Angiogenesis Modulating Agents; Growth Substances; Growth Inhibitors; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Antidotes; Vitamin B Complex; Oxaliplatin; Leucovorin; Aflibercept
• Other Study ID Numbers: AIO-KRK-0214

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No