Pembrolizumab and Radiation Therapy in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Pilot Study of Pembrolizumab and Single-Fraction, Low-Dose, Radiation Therapy in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

This pilot clinical trial studies the side effects of pembrolizumab and radiation therapy in treating patients with stage I-III multiple myeloma that has come back after a period of improvement or that does not respond to treatment. Monoclonal antibodies, such as pembrolizumab, may block cancer growth in different ways by targeting certain cells. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Giving pembrolizumab and radiation therapy may work better in treating patients with stage I-III multiple myeloma.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Refractory Plasma Cell Myeloma; Recurrent Plasma Cell Myeloma; ISS Stage III Plasma Cell Myeloma; ISS Stage II Plasma Cell Myeloma; ISS Stage I Plasma Cell Myeloma
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: Pembrolizumab; Radiation: Radiation Therapy

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To evaluate the safety of concurrent single/low dose radiation therapy (radiotherapy) (8 Gy/1fx) in combination with pembrolizumab in relapsed or refractory myeloma patients.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To characterize late toxicity (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] > grade 2 toxicity at 6 and 12 months) and the effect of radiation in combination with pembrolizumab on systemic response rates using international myeloma working group (IMWG) uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma at 6 months and 12 months.

II. To assess changes in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as a result of combining pembrolizumab and radiotherapy at 6 months and 12 months.

OUTLINE:

Patients undergo radiation therapy on day 1. Patients also receive pembrolizumab intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on day 2 or 3. Courses with pembrolizumab repeat every 3 weeks for 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days and then every 12 weeks thereafter.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 26
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Georgia
    • Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322
      • Emory University/Winship Cancer Institute

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• International Staging System (ISS) stage I-III multiple myeloma that has progressive, relapsed, or refractory disease
• Able to give informed consent
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-1
• Relapsed and/or refractory myeloma; there is no minimum or maximum number of previous therapies that a patient may have received previously before being put on the current trial
• ≥ 1 osseous and/or extra-osseous lesion that can be radiated
• Candidate for pembrolizumab (as determined by physician, and adequate organ function)
• Candidate for radiotherapy (as determined by treatment physician); these patients can have symptomatic disease and/or asymptomatic disease; a minimum of one site of radiation is required to any osseous and/or any extra-osseous disease; radiation to any bony parts of the head and neck, skull, spine, ribs, and/or extremities are allowed; radiation to any bony part for documented lytic disease is allowed; radiation to any soft tissue plasmacytoma (including osseous and extra-osseous plasmacytoma) is allowed; the only exclusion criteria for radiation, is central nervous system (CNS) metastases
• Measurable myeloma disease (urine protein > 200 mg in 24 hours [hr] urine collection, serum free light chain ratio > 100 with an abnormal k/l ratio, serum M protein > 0.5 g/dl); 12 of the 24 patients do not have to have measurable disease

• Negative urine pregnancy test within 2 weeks for female subjects; female subjects of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of study medication; if the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required

  • Female subjects of childbearing potential should be willing to use 2 methods of birth control or be surgically sterile, or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course of the study through 120 days after the last dose of study medication; subjects of childbearing potential are those who have not been surgically sterilized or have not been free from menses for > 1 year
  • Male subjects should agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with the first dose of study therapy through 120 days after the last dose of study therapy
  • Abstinence is acceptable, if this is the usual life style and preferred contraception for the patient

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) or anti-PD-L1
• Solitary plasmacytoma
• Smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma
• Currently participating and receiving study therapy or has participated in a study of an investigational agent and received study therapy or used an investigational device within 4 weeks of the first dose of treatment
• Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency
• Known history of active TB (Bacillus tuberculosis)
• Hypersensitivity to pembrolizumab or any of its recipients
• Known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment (exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin)
• Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs)
• Known history of, or any evidence of active, non-infectious pneumonitis
• Active infection requiring systemic therapy
• Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the trial, starting with the pre-screening or screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment
• Has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies)
• Has known active hepatitis B (e.g., hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] reactive) or hepatitis C (e.g., hepatitis C virus [HCV] ribonucleic acid [RNA] [qualitative] is detected)
• Has received a live vaccine within 30 days of planned start of study therapy; NOTE: seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally inactivated flu vaccines and are allowed; however intranasal influenza vaccines (e.g., Flu-Mist) are live attenuated vaccines, and are not allowed
• Patients requiring radiation for CNS diseases are excluded (CNS defined as brain soft tissue/intra parenchymal metastases within the gray and white matter of the brain and/or for cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] disseminated disease, including leptomeningeal carcinomatous disease)
• Has a history of allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Radiation therapy, pembrolizumab; Patients undergo radiation therapy on day 1. Patients also receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes on day 2 or 3. Courses with pembrolizumab repeat every 3 weeks for 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Biological: Pembrolizumab; Given 200 mg/kg IV.; Other Names: Keytruda; MK-3475; Radiation: Radiation Therapy; Patients will receive radiotherapy (8 Gy/1 fx) to an extra-osseous site and/or any bony site containing myeloma deposit.; Other Names: Radiotherapy

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Incidence of adverse events	Greater than grade 2 toxicity will be assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Proportion adverse events will be reported.	Up to 12 months after study start

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of patients achieving any response	According to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria.	Up to 12 months after study start
Overall response based on baseline changes on positron emission to positron emission tomography/computed tomography	Will be defined using International IMWG criteria.	Up to 12 months after study start
Overall survival	Will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method.	From first treatment on course 1, day 1 to the earlier of date of death and/or last follow up, assessed up to 12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Emory University
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI); Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC; National Institutes of Health (NIH)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Mohammad K. Khan, MD, PhD, Emory University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 29, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 2, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): September 2, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 29, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 29, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): August 30, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 30, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 29, 2024
• Last Verified: January 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Hematologic Diseases; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Hemostatic Disorders; Paraproteinemias; Blood Protein Disorders; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Pembrolizumab
• Other Study ID Numbers: IRB00097324; P30CA138292 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); NCI-2017-01485 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program)); RAD4106-17 (Other Identifier: Emory University/Winship Cancer Institute)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No