Bilateral Orthotopic Lung Transplant - Bone Marrow Transplant (BOLT-BMT)

Bilateral Orthotopic Lung Transplant in Tandem With CD3+ and CD19+ Cell Depleted Bone Marrow Transplant From Partially HLA Matched Cadaveric Donors (RTB-003)

The purpose of this study is to determine whether bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation (BOLT) followed by cadaveric partially-matched CD3+/CD19+ depleted bone marrow transplant (BMT) is safe and effective for individuals aged 10 through 45 years with the diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency (PID) and end-stage lung disease.

The enrollment goal: 8 participants who receive both BOLT and BMT.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Primary Immunodeficiency; PID
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: CD3/CD19 neg allogeneic BMT

Detailed Description

The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of performing bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation (BOLT) followed by cadaveric, partially HLA-matched CD3+/CD19+-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from the same donor for participants with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) and end-stage lung disease. For many patients with primary immunodeficiencies, HSCT, which we refer to as Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is a curative, life-saving therapy, resulting in restoration of function in the immune system. Patients with primary immunodeficiencies often develop pulmonary complications as a result of chronic or recurrent infections, making them ineligible for BMT due to the high risk of mortality and pulmonary complications. Lung transplant prior to BMT would allow for restoration of pulmonary function prior to BMT, allowing PID patients to proceed to BMT , which would be curative for the patient's underlying immunodeficiency. As a secondary aim, after successful engraftment with donor bone marrow, the feasibility of participants tolerating planned withdrawal of immunosuppression and achieving eventual freedom from all immunosuppressive drugs and attaining a tolerant state will be assessed.

This is a single center study in which participants receive a cadaveric, partially Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-matched lung transplant followed by a CD3+/CD19+ depleted bone marrow transplant (BMT) from the same donor. In this study, the investigators will use a ≥ 2/6 HLA-matched T cell depleted bone marrow transplant from a cadaveric organ donor with an identical ABO blood type as the recipient.

Participants will undergo:

• Bilateral orthotopic lung transplant (BOLT) utilizing basiliximab induction or an alternate induction therapy based on their underlying disease. Rituximab may be initiated prior to the lung transplant, with tacrolimus as the ongoing maintenance immunosuppression.
• BMT utilizing CD3+/CD19+-depleted bone marrow with bone marrow conditioning beginning no less than 8 weeks after BOLT.

The duration of participant involvement in the trial is up to 2 years post-BMT.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 5
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15224
      • Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 10 years to 45 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subject and/or parent guardian must be able to understand and provide informed consent;
• Subject fulfills criteria for United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) listing;

• Subject must have evidence of an underlying primary immunodeficiency for which Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is clinically indicated. Examples of such diseases include, but are not limited to:

  • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
  • Combined immunodeficiency with defects in T-cell-mediated immunity, including Omenn syndrome and DiGeorge Syndrome
  • Severe Chronic Neutropenia
  • Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
  • Hyper Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Syndrome or Job's Syndrome
  • CD40 or CD40L deficiency
  • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
  • Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease
  • GATA2-associated Immunodeficiency.
• Subjects must have evidence of end-stage lung disease and be candidates for bilateral orthotopic lung transplant as determined by the lung transplant team;
• Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 50 mL/min/1.73 m^2;
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) ≤ 4x upper limit of normal, total bilirubin ≤ 2.5 mg/dL, normal INR;
• Cardiac ejection fraction ≥ 40% or shortening fraction ≥ 26%;
• Negative pregnancy test for females >10 years old or who have reached menarche, unless surgically sterilized;
• All females of childbearing potential and sexually active males must agree to use a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved method of birth control for up to 24 months after BMT or for as long as they are taking any medication that may harm a pregnancy, an unborn child or may cause birth defect; and

• Subject and/or parent guardian will also be counseled regarding the potential risks of infertility following BMT and advised to discuss sperm banking or oocyte

  • harvesting.

Eligibility for Bone Marrow Transplant*:

• GFR >50 mL/min/1.73 m^2;
• AST, ALT <4x upper limit of normal, Total bilirubin < 2.5 mg/dL;
• Cardiac ejection fraction ≥40% or shortening fraction of at least 26%;
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) negative by serology and PCR;
• Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) serology negative;
• Forced vital capacity (FVC) and Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) ≥ 40% predicted for age and SpO2 of >90% at rest on room air AND with clearance by the lung transplant team;
• Absence of uncontrolled infection as determined by blood cultures and radiographic results of previously affected sites, in particular, pulmonary densities during the past 2 weeks prior to chemotherapy;
• Absence of Acute Cellular Rejection (ACR); and

• Bone marrow processing has been completed, and an appropriate stem cell product is available for administration.

  • Note: The decision to proceed with the BMT will be at the discretion of the lung transplant team following clearance by the bone marrow team based on the criteria below. The conditioning for the BMT will begin no less than 8 weeks following the lung transplant.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Inability or unwillingness of a participant to give written informed consent or comply with study protocol;
• Subjects who have underlying malignant conditions;
• Subjects who have non-malignant conditions that do not require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation;
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive by serology or polymerase chain reaction (PCR), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) positive by serology;
• Females who are pregnant or who are lactating;
• Allergy to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or any other ingredient used in the manufacturing of the stem cell product;

• Uncontrolled pulmonary infection, as determined by radiographic findings and/or significant clinical deterioration.

  -- Pulmonary colonization with multiple organisms is common, and will not be considered an exclusion criterion.

• Uncontrolled systemic infection, as determined by the appropriate confirmatory testing e.g. blood cultures, PCR testing, etc.;
• Recent recipient of any licensed or investigational live attenuated vaccine(s), within 4 weeks of transplant; or

• Past or current medical problems or findings from physical examination or laboratory testing that are not listed above, which, in the opinion of the investigator, may pose:

  • additional risks from participation in the study,
  • may interfere with the participant's ability to comply with study requirements,
  • or that may impact the quality or interpretation of the data obtained from the study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: CD3/CD19 neg allogeneic BMT; Participants may receive a double lung transplant followed by a bone marrow (hematopoietic stem cells) transplant, if a partially HLA-matched organ offer is accepted. The lungs and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells will be from the same partially HLA-matched cadaveric donor. Prior to marrow transplantation, the marrow will be negatively selected for CD3/CD19 using a CliniMACS® depletion device.

Biological: CD3/CD19 neg allogeneic BMT; Negative selection for CD3/CD19 will be performed on a CliniMACS® depletion device within 36 hours of collection, and cryopreserved for later marrow transplantation. BMT conditioning and transplantation will start at least 8 weeks or more post lung transplant - once the participant is clinically judged suitable to undergo BMT conditioning and transplantion.; Other Names: CD3+/CD19+ depleted HSCT

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Safety: Death	How many, if any, participants die during study participation.	Average of approximately 31 months for those who received an initial transplant
Safety: Engraftment Syndrome	How many, if any, participants develop engraftment syndrome.	Average of ~7.5 months of time post BMT for those receiving both lung and BMT transplants.
Engraftment Failure		Average of ~7.5 months of time post BMT for those receiving both lung and BMT transplants.
Grade 4 or 5 Events Potentially Attributable to Rituximab		Average of ~25 months.
BOS at 1 Year Post BOLT	Diagnosis of BOS (Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome) at any time up to 1 year post BOLT. BOS is one of the undesirable complications of lung transplantation.	throughout the first year post BOLT
Efficacy: Count of Participants With Requirement for Supplemental Oxygen and/or Ventilatory Support	The number of participant(s) who need either supplemental oxygen and/or ventilator support (noninvasive/invasive) will be assessed using the Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS) Classification Score for pulmonary function (e.g., the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1). FEV1 is air volume exhaled in 1 second during spirometry, a lung function test. (Continuing dependence on supplemental oxygen or ventilatory support is an undesirable outcome of lung transplantation).	at 1 Year Post Lung Transplant (BOLT)
Efficacy: Count of Participants With T-cell Chimerism	The number of participants who have ≥ 25% donor T-cell chimerism.	1 Year Post Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)
Efficacy: Count of Participants With Myeloid Chimerism	The number of participants with myeloid disorders (e.g. Chronic Granulomatous Disease [CGD]) who attain ≥ 10% myeloid chimerism.	1 Year Post Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)
Efficacy: Count of Participants B-cell Chimerism	The number of participants with B-cell disorders who attain ≥ 10% B-cell chimerism.	1 Year Post Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Count of Participants Able to Proceed to BMT	The number of participants for which it is feasible to proceed to BMT within 6 months following lung transplant.	6 Months Post Lung Transplant (BOLT)
Count of Participants Who Achieve Tolerance	The number of participants who develop tolerance to both the host and pulmonary graft. Definition of tolerance: A participant's successful withdrawal from systemic immunosuppression for 6 weeks with no increase cGVHD score and stable or improving PFTs.	Average of ~7.5 months of time post BMT for those receiving both lung and BMT transplants.
Long Term Complications of Combined Solid Organ and Bone Marrow Transplant	Summary of long-term complications of combined solid organ and bone marrow transplant (BMT).	Average of ~7.5 months of time post BMT for those receiving both lung and BMT transplants.
Count of Participants Who Develop Acute Cellular Rejection and Graft Failure	The number of participants who develop acute cellular rejection and graft failure post BMT.	Average of ~7.5 months of time post BMT for those receiving both lung and BMT transplants.
Count of Participants Able to Initiate Withdrawal of Immunosuppression	The number of participants who are able to start immunosuppression withdrawal.	1 year following BMT
Time to Withdrawal of Immunosuppression	Time from BMT to withdrawal of immunosuppression.	Average of ~7.5 months of time post BMT for those receiving both lung and BMT transplants.
Time to Independence From Treatment Dose Antimicrobial Drug	A measure of pathogen-specific immunity.	Average of ~7.5 months of time post BMT for those receiving both lung and BMT transplants.
Post-BMT Achievement of Normal Lymphocyte Count for T-cell Lymphopenias	For participants with immune deficiencies with T cell lymphopenias, number of participants achieving age adjusted, low limit normal range lymphocyte count by 1-year post-BMT.	1 year post BMT
Count of Participants Who Develop Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)	The number of participants who develop acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following tandem BOLT and BMT.	Average of ~7.5 months of time post BMT for those receiving both lung and BMT transplants.
Count of Participants With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)	The number of participants who develop chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following tandem BOLT and BMT.	Average of ~7.5 months of time post BMT for those receiving both lung and BMT transplants.
Count of Participants Who Develop Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction or Allograft Failure	A significant development in chronic lung allograft dysfunction (as evidenced by a change in BOS stage) or allograft failure at 1 year and up to 2 year post lung transplant (for lung transplant alone and BOLT-BMT subjects.	up to 2 years post BOLT
Count of Pre-BMT Conditioning Rituximab Related Adverse Events	The number of Grade 4 or 5 adverse events possibly related to the use of rituximab prior to the start of BMT conditioning.	Average of approximately 9 months.

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
EXPLORATORY: Change in Markers of Immune Reconstitution	The pace of reconstitution of immunity will be explored.	Within 2 Years Post Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)
EXPLORATORY: Count of Participants with Mixed Chimerism EXPLORATORY: Count of Participants with Mixed Chimerism	The number of participants with mixed chimerism, as defined by the presence of >5% host cells.	Months 1, 3, 6, 12, and 2 Years Post Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)
EXPLORATORY: Change in Immunologic Markers	Changes in immunological markers specific to the participant's diagnosed Primary Immunodeficiency Disease (PID) will be assessed.	1 Year Post Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Collaborators: University of Pittsburgh; PPD Development, LP
• Investigators: Study Chair: Paul Szabolcs, MD, University of Pittsburgh

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 1, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 1, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): March 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 30, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 31, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): November 6, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 22, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 2, 2025
• Last Verified: July 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: end-stage lung disease; Bilateral Orthotopic Lung Transplant (BOLT) candidate; CD3/CD19 negative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCT); CD3+/CD19+ depleted Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT); Cadaveric (Deceased) Donor; Unrelated (Deceased) Donor
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Immune System Diseases; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: DAIT BOLT-BMT; DAIT RTB-003 (Other Identifier: NIAID, NIH); U01AI125050 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); NIAID DAIT CRMS ID#: 32935 (Other Identifier: DAIT NIAID)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No