Project Phoenix: Pilot Intervention for Smokers Who Are Not Ready to Quit Smoking (Phoenix)

May 9, 2023 updated by: University of Oklahoma
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the United States. Although most smokers report that they would like to quit smoking at some point in the future, only 20% are ready to quit within the next 30 days. Importantly, studies have indicated that interventions can increase motivation and/or readiness for cessation among smokers who are not yet ready to quit and these types of intervention can increase smoking cessation attempts. Smartphone apps that offer daily information about the benefits of quitting and motivational/supportive messages that aim to increase cessation self-efficacy may increase the likelihood of initiating a smoking cessation attempt. Previous research has indicated that smoking cessation smartphone applications are feasible and well-liked by smokers who are already committed to quitting smoking. However, there are no empirically supported smartphone apps that provide dynamic smoking cessation content that is automatically matched to a smoker's current readiness to quit. This type of dynamically tailored intervention could overcome many of the barriers that have hampered the widespread use of traditional empirically supported smoking cessation treatments. The current pilot study (N=150) is a 3-armed randomized controlled smoking cessation induction trial that will determine the initial utility of a novel smartphone based intervention compared with an attention control group among smokers who are not yet ready to quit. The two intervention groups (Group 1: Phoenix App Only; Group 2: Phoenix App + Nicotine Replacement Therapy [NRT]) will receive targeted smoking cessation messaging that is matched to a participant's readiness to quit, while the attention control group (i.e., Factoid) will receive messages that are not related to smoking cessation.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Description of Study Visit and Follow-Up:

Screening and Baseline Assessment Visit. Individuals who complete the online screener (i.e., REDCap) and meet initial study inclusion criteria will be invited to complete the in person screener and baseline visit at the Tobacco Treatment Research Program (TTRP). Potential participants will be provided with detailed information about the study and given the opportunity to have their questions answered within a private room to ensure confidentiality. Study staff will review the consent form with interested participants, who will be screened for eligibility on-site in a private room in the clinic. Participant eligibility for the current study will not influence eligibility for treatment at the TTRP. The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine-Short Form (REALM45) will be administered to ensure that all participants are able to read at > sixth grade level (i.e., required to complete EMA and self-report questionnaires). Participants will also be asked to read aloud from the Informed Consent form. Expired carbon monoxide (CO) will be measured with a Vitalograph BreathCO carbon monoxide monitor and a Bedfont iCO carbon monoxide monitor. The purpose of using both monitors is to validate the Bedfont iCO device. Participants will be questioned in person to verify the information they provided during the REDCap screening process. Race/ethnicity, sex, cigarettes smoked per day, education, and readiness to quit smoking will be used to randomize participants to the Phoenix, Phoenix + NRT, or Factoid groups using adaptive randomization software. Participants will complete the assessment portion of the baseline visit on a laptop/tablet computer; and weight, and height will be measured in a private room to ensure confidentiality.

Participants will be instructed that the app will prompt and deliver two messages per day and that they should click the "Set New Quit Date" button when/if they want to set a smoking cessation quit date. They will be informed that the app will offer smoking cessation resources after they set a quit date.

Week 26 Follow-Up Phone Call. All participants will be asked to complete a brief 10-15 minute follow-up interview over the phone. Participants will be asked about their current smoking status, their opinions about the smartphone app, and how the app could be improved for future studies.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

152

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Oklahoma
      • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73104
        • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center - OTRC

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. are ≥ 18 years of age
  2. demonstrate > 6th grade English literacy level
  3. possess an active Android smartphone with a data plan and an operating system version 5.2 or higher
  4. agree to install the study smartphone application onto their personal phone
  5. agree to complete 26 weekly assessments prompted by and completed through the study smartphone application
  6. score >1 and <7 on the Readiness to Quit Ladder
  7. have an expired carbon monoxide (CO) level > 7 ppm suggestive of current smoking
  8. currently smoke ≥ 5 cigarettes per day
  9. have no contraindications for over the counter NRT (i.e., individuals with uncontrolled blood pressure, history of myocardial infarction within the past two weeks, or current pregnancy or plans to become pregnant during the study period will be excluded)

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. cannot read, speak, and understand English
  2. are < 18 years of age
  3. plan to quit smoking within the next 30 days

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Factoid Group
The Factoid group will receive a smartphone app that delivers 2 factual messages per day
Behavioral: Factoid
Factoid app
Experimental: Phoenix Group
The Phoenix group will receive a smartphone app that includes multiple components that vary based upon the participant's smoking cessation stage
Behavioral: Phoenix
Phoenix cessation app
Experimental: Phoenix + NRT Group
The Phoenix + (Nicotine Replacement Therapy) NRT group will receive a smartphone app that is identical to the Phoenix group, with one additional feature. Participants will be able to click an "Order Nicotine Patches and Gum" button to order NRT.
Behavioral: Phoenix
Phoenix cessation app
Behavioral: NRT order button
Ability to order NRT through smartphone app

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Days of smoking abstinence
Time Frame: 26 weeks
Total number of days of self-reported smoking abstinence
26 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of days to the first smoking cessation attempt
Time Frame: 26 weeks
Number of days between the date of study enrollment and the participant's self-selected smoking cessation date. Participants will set a quit date by clicking the "Set New Quit Date" button in the study smartphone application.
26 weeks
Medication use
Time Frame: 26 weeks
Each week, participants will be prompted by the study smartphone application to answer this question: "How many days did you use smoking cessation medications in the past 7 days?" The total number of days of medication use across the 26 week study period will be calculated.
26 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Oklahoma

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 17, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 18, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

May 18, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

December 22, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 12, 2018

First Posted (Actual)

January 19, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

May 11, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 9, 2023

Last Verified

May 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 8814 (Other Identifier: CTEP)

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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