Pea Protein Supplementation and Muscle Damage

July 14, 2020 updated by: Appalachian State University

Influence of Pea Protein Supplementation on Recovery From Exercise-induced Muscle Damage

The purpose of this study is to determine if supplementation with NUTRALYS pea protein isolate compared to whey protein and apple juice (carbohydrate, non-protein control) before, during, and after a 90-minute bout of eccentric exercise can attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage, inflammation, and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), and speed recovery of muscle function.

Study Overview

Detailed Description

Study participants will be randomized to the NUTRALYS pea protein supplement, whey protein, or apple juice (parallel group design). Study participants will come to the lab at 7:00 am Monday through Friday in an overnight fasted state and provide a blood sample (maximum of 30 ml or two tablespoons). The blood samples will be analyzed for various measures of muscle damage and inflammation, and extra samples will be stored for additional measurements depending on funding.

After the blood draw, participants will provide a muscle soreness rating. Next, the two protein sources (pea and whey protein), will be consumed at a weight adjusted amount (0.3 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight), and administered under double blind procedures. The amount of apple juice will be adjusted to body weight (1.2 calories per kilogram body weight).

Four muscle function tests will be conducted: vertical jump, bench press, leg-back strength, and anaerobic power through the 30-second Wingate test. These performance tests will be administered before and after the 90-minute eccentric muscle exercise bout, and each of the following four mornings of recovery.

After taking the four performance tests, participants will engage in 90-minutes of eccentric exercise. Immediately following exercise, participants will provide a muscle soreness rating and a blood sample, ingest another protein dose (0.3 g/kg) (or apple juice), and then take the four muscle function tests. Participants will return at 7 am in an overnight fasted state four days in a row after the eccentric exercise bout, and provide muscle soreness ratings and blood samples followed by ingestion of the protein supplements or apple juice. Following ingestion of the supplements, participants will take the four muscle function tests.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

90

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

    • North Carolina
      • Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States, 28081
        • Appalachian State University Human Performance Lab, North Carolina Research Campus

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 55 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male, female, 18 to 55 years of age.
  • Non-athlete, and not engaged in regular resistance training (less than 3 sessions per week).
  • BMI under 30 (non-obese).
  • At "low risk" status for cardiovascular disease (as determined with a screening questionnaire).
  • Agree to avoid the use of protein and large-dose vitamin/mineral supplements (above 100% of recommended dietary allowances), herbs, and all medications (in particular, NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and aspirin) during the week of the project.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Inability to comply with study requirements.
  • Any other concurrent condition which, in the opinion of the primary investigator (PI), would preclude participation in this study or interfere with compliance.
  • Current, active history of coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, high blood pressure, kidney disease, liver disease, blood disease, hormonal disease, or metabolic disease.
  • History of cancer in the 5 years prior to the screening visit (except skin or cervical cancer that was successfully treated).
  • Current use of any type of medication (or unwillingness to stop use of over-the-counter medications two weeks before the start of the study).
  • Recent history of musculoskeletal trauma (fracture, strain, sprain, etc.) that has not fully healed prior to baseline testing.
  • Females: pregnant or breastfeeding; or body weight under 100 pounds.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Pea Protein
NUTRALYS pea protein supplement
0.3 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight before and after eccentric exercise, and each of 4 mornings of recovery
Experimental: Whey Protein
Whey protein supplement
0.3 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight before and after eccentric exercise, and each of 4 mornings of recovery
Active Comparator: Apple juice
1.2 calories per kilogram body weight before and after eccentric exercise, and each of 4 mornings of recovery

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Serum Creatine kinase
Time Frame: Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Muscle damage marker
Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Serum Myoglobin
Time Frame: Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Muscle damage marker
Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase
Time Frame: Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Muscle damage marker
Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Delayed onset of muscle soreness
Time Frame: Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Self-reported perception of muscle soreness, 1-10 scale
Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Vertical jump
Time Frame: Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Muscle performance, vertical jump height
Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Bench press
Time Frame: Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Muscle performance, bench press to exhaustion with weighted bar (75% body weight for men, 50% for women)
Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Leg-back strength
Time Frame: Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Muscle performance, leg-back strength with a dynamometer
Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
30-second Wingate cycle test
Time Frame: Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Anaerobic power cycling test, peak and average anaerobic power
Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Serum C-reactive protein
Time Frame: Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Inflammation measurement
Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
Plasma cytokine panel
Time Frame: Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)
IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1, IL-1ra, GCSF
Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise (immediately after, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-days after)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Collaborators

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: David C Nieman, DrPH, Appalachian State Univ

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

March 5, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

February 15, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

June 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 22, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 22, 2018

First Posted (Actual)

February 28, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 15, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 14, 2020

Last Verified

July 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 18-0165

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Depends on the journal where the paper will be published.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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