A Randomized Placebo-controlled Safety and Dose-finding Study for the Use of the IL-6 Inhibitor Clazakizumab in Patients With Life-threatening COVID-19 Infection

In this study invetigators propose to administer clazakizumab to patients with life-threatening COVID-19 infection manifest by pulmonary failure and a clinical picture consistent with a cytokine storm syndrome. This is a double-blinded randomized multi-center trial designed as a phase II dose-finding three arm trial with seamless adaptive transition to a phase III efficacy trial. For phase II, patients were randomized 1:1:1 ratio to three study arms and received clazakizumab at a dose of 12.5 mg, 25 mg or placebo.

Based on interim analysis, the low dose arm was dropped and the phase III portion of the study continued to enroll patients randomized 1:1 to high dose clazakizumab or placebo.

Based on interim analysis, the remaining 10 subjects at NYU will be randomly assigned to a 1:1 ratio to two arms that will receive clazakizumab at a dose of 25 mg or placebo. The NYU site will serve as the central data management site for other centers who undertake this protocol. Other sites will enroll patients based on the two arm 1:1 randomization. 60 patients at outside sites are expected to enroll.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: COVID-19
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Clazakizumab 25 mg; Drug: Clazakizumab 12.5 mg; Other: Placebo

Detailed Description

The limited understanding of the clinical behavior of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (the viral organism responsible for COVID-19 disease) is evolving on a daily basis. Reports from China indicate that a subset of patients with the worst clinical outcomes may manifest cytokine storm syndrome. Hypotheses that excess cytokines may trigger a secondary hemophagocytic lymphhistiocytosis (sHLH) have been proposed. Indeed, cytokine profiles consistent with this picture were observed in Chinese patients with severe pulmonary involvement. Specifically, elevated ferritin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were associated with fatalities among the infected patients. A role for targeted anti-inflammatory and anti-cytokine therapies in the treatment of pulmonary hyperinflammation has been proposed.

Clazakizumab is a genetically engineered humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds with high affinity to human IL-6. This investigational agent is currently being studied as a treatment for chronic active antibody mediated rejection of renal allografts.

In this study investigators propose to administer clazakizumab to patients with life-threatening pulmonary failure secondary to COVID-19 disease.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 178
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Arizona
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85054
      • Mayo Clinic
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205
      • The Johns Hopkins Hospital
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10016
      • New York University School of Medicine

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

In order to be eligible to participate in this study, the patients must meet all of the following criteria:

1. At least 18 years of age
2. Confirmed COVID-19 disease (by Cobas SARS-CoV-2 real time RT-PCR using nasopharyngeal swab sample, or equivalent test available to be performed by the NYU Langone clinical laboratory). Effort will be made to have the confirmatory test result <72 hours prior to enrollment however given overall clinical demand this may not be feasible in all cases.

3. Respiratory failure manifesting as: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (defined by a P/F ratio of <200), OR SpO2 < 90% on 4L (actual or expected given higher O2 requirement) OR increasing O2 requirements over 24 hours, PLUS 2 or more of the following predictors for severe disease:

   CRP > 35 mg/L Ferritin > 500 ng/mL D-dimer > 1000 mg/mL Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio > 4 LDH > 200 U/L Increase in troponin in patient w/out known cardiac disease

4. Has a consent designee willing to provide informed consent on behalf of the patient (this assumes that a mechanically ventilated patients lacks capacity to consent on his/her own behalf. Should it be deemed that the patient has capacity to consent, consent may be obtained from the patient.)

5. Women of childbearing potential must be willing and able to use at least one highly effective contraceptive method for a period of 5 months following the study drug administration. In the context of this study, an effective method is defined as those which result in low failure rate (i.e. less than 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly such as:

   1. combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception (oral, intravaginal, or transdermal)
   2. progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation (oral, injectable, implantable)
   3. intrauterine device (IUD)
   4. intrauterine hormone-releasing system (IUS)
   5. vasectomized partner
   6. bilateral tubal occlusion
   7. true abstinence. when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject. Periodic abstinence, such as calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, postovulation methods, and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception.
6. Men must be willing to use a double-barrier contraception from enrollment until at 5 months after the last dose of study drug, if not abstinent.

Exclusion Criteria:

An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:

1. Evidence of irreversible injury deemed non-survivable even if the pulmonary failure recovers (for example severe anoxic brain injury)
2. Known active inflammatory bowel disease
3. Known active, untreated diverticulitis
4. Known untreated bacteremia
5. Pregnancy. (The protocol will exclude pregnant subjects given the lack of overall data on use of clazakizumab in pregnancy however the study team would consider a protocol revision should more than 3 potential pregnant study subjects be excluded on this basis).
6. Known hypersensitivity to the clazakizumab

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Placebo Comparator: Placebo	Other: Placebo; The first dose will be administered as soon as possible after the patient is enrolled and randomized into the Placebo arm. The route of administration will be intravenous. Each dose will be administered as an infusion that is run over 30 minutes. Serum CRP will be evaluated at baseline and on days 1 and 2 following clazakizumab administration. If the CRP does not decrease by 50% within 36-48 hours after the first dose, a second dose of placebo will be given no later than day 3.
Experimental: Clazakizumab 25 mg	Drug: Clazakizumab 25 mg; The first dose will be administered as soon as possible after the patient is enrolled and randomized into the Clazakizumab 25 mg arm. The route of administration will be intravenous. Each dose will be administered as an infusion that is run over 30 minutes. Serum CRP will be evaluated at baseline and on days 1 and 2 following clazakizumab administration. If the CRP does not decrease by 50% within 36-48 hours after the first dose, a second dose of 25 mg clazakizumab will be given no later than day 3.
Experimental: Clazakizumab 12.5 mg	Drug: Clazakizumab 12.5 mg; The first dose will be administered as soon as possible after the patient is enrolled and randomized into the Clazakizumab 12.5 mg arm. The route of administration will be intravenous. Each dose will be administered as an infusion that is run over 30 minutes. Serum CRP will be evaluated at baseline and on days 1 and 2 following clazakizumab administration. If the CRP does not decrease by 50% within 36-48 hours after the first dose, a second dose of 12.5 mg clazakizumab will be given no later than day 3.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Ventilator Free Survival	Ventilator Free Survival is defined as the total number of patients who were alive and ventilator free at 28 days.	28 days
Number of Serious Adverse Events Associated With High and Low Dose of Clazakizumab		60 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Overall Patient Survival	Overall Patient Survival is defined as the total number of patients per group who were alive at 28 days	28 days
Overall Patient Survival	Overall patient survival is defined as total number of patients per group who were alive at 60 days.	60 days
Number of Participants With Change in Clinical Status	Change in clinical status defined by an improvement in status by at least 2 score points on WHO 11-point ordinal scale, where 0 = uninfected; no viral RNA detected, 1 = asymptomatic; viral RNA detected, 2 = symptomatic; independent, 3 = symptomatic; assistance needed, 4 = hospitalized; no oxygen therapy, 5 = hospitalized; oxygen by mask or nasal prongs, 6 = hospitalized; oxygen by NIV or high flow, 7 = intubation and mechanical ventilation, pO2/FiO2 >/= 150 or SpO2/FiO2 >/= 200, 8 = mechanical ventilation pO2/FiO2 < 150 (SpO2/FiO2 < 200) or vasopressors, 9 = mechanical ventilation pO2/FiO2 < 150 and vasopressors, dialysis, or ECMO, and 10 = Dead	28 days
Number of Participants With a Change in Clinical Status	Change in clinical status defined by an improvement in status by at least 2 score points on WHO 11-point ordinal scale, where 0 = uninfected; no viral RNA detected, 1 = asymptomatic; viral RNA detected, 2 = symptomatic; independent, 3 = symptomatic; assistance needed, 4 = hospitalized; no oxygen therapy, 5 = hospitalized; oxygen by mask or nasal prongs, 6 = hospitalized; oxygen by NIV or high flow, 7 = intubation and mechanical ventilation, pO2/FiO2 >/= 150 or SpO2/FiO2 >/= 200, 8 = mechanical ventilation pO2/FiO2 < 150 (SpO2/FiO2 < 200) or vasopressors, 9 = mechanical ventilation pO2/FiO2 < 150 and vasopressors, dialysis, or ECMO, and 10 = Dead	60 days
Number of Clazakizumab-expected Adverse Events		60 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: NYU Langone Health

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Lonze BE, Spiegler P, Wesson RN, Alachkar N, Petkova E, Weldon EP, Dieter RA, Li Y, Quinn M, Mattoo A, Soomro I, Cohen SM, Leung S, Deterville CL, Landrum BM, Ali MI, Cohen DJ, Singer AL, Sen A, Chong E, Hochman JS, Troxel AB, Montgomery RA. A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo Controlled Trial of Clazakizumab for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia With Hyperinflammation. Crit Care Med. 2022 Sep 1;50(9):1348-1359. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005591. Epub 2022 May 17.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 31, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 3, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): March 12, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 9, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 9, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): April 14, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 14, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 10, 2022
• Last Verified: June 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Coronavirus Infections; Coronaviridae Infections; Nidovirales Infections; RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Pneumonia, Viral; Pneumonia; Lung Diseases; COVID-19
• Other Study ID Numbers: 20-00392

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: The de-identified participant data from the final research dataset used in the published manuscript will be shared upon reasonable request beginning 9 months and ending 36 months following article publication or as required by a condition of awards and agreements supporting the research provided the investigator who proposes to use the data executes a data use agreement with NYU Langone Health. Requests may be directed to: [contact information for PI or designee]. The protocol and statistical analysis plan will be made available on Clinicaltrials.gov only as required by federal regulation or as a condition of awards and agreements supporting the research.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: Beginning 9 months and ending 36 months following article publication or as required by a condition of awards and agreements supporting the research.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Upon reasonable request by an investigator who proposes to use the data.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes