Vertical Gingival Display Changes Associated With Upper Premolars Extraction

Vertical Gingival Display Changes Associated With Upper Premolars Extraction Orthodontic Treatment in Gummy Smile Patients: A Prospective Clinical Trial

To investigate and compare vertical gingival display (VGD) changes associated with upper premolars extraction during orthodontic treatment.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Orthodontic Treatment; Gummy Smile
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Upper first premolars extractions; Procedure: Upper second premolars extraction

Detailed Description

Seventy-six subjects who met the inclusion criteria were divided into one of 3 groups according to their treatment modalities as follows: group 1: upper first premolars extraction (24 patients, aged 21.56±3.19 years); group 2: upper second premolars extraction (26 patients, aged 22.16±3.59 years) and group 3: no orthodontic intervention was performed (happy with their teeth) (26 subjects, aged 20.45±3.29 years).

Initial records (radiographs, study casts and clinical photographs) were taken for all subjects. The same records were taken post treatment for treated subjects only. The Pre- and post- treatment VGD and lip length in static and dynamic positions and the amount of upper teeth retractions were recorded.

The paired t-test and ANOVA test were used to detect treatment changes and differences between studied groups, respectively. Factors affecting VGD were investigated using backward stepwise linear regression analysis.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 76
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Jordan
  • Irbid, Jordan
    • Faculty of Dentistry/ Jordan university of Science and Technology Dental Teaching cliniucs

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 15 years to 26 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• age 17 years or more
• skeletal class I or class II malocclusion
• upper premolars extraction treatment plan
• high smile line 2mm or more
• no previous orthodontic treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• poor oral hygiene
• lower arch extraction treatment plan
• smoking
• Any systemic or periodiontal disease.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Upper first premolars extraction; Included 24 patients (7 males,17 females) with a mean age of 21.56±3.19years who were treated with fixed orthodontic appliance for 2.22±0.31years.	Procedure: Upper first premolars extractions; Fixed orthodontic treatment with upper first premolars extraction and space closure using 0.019X0.025 SS AW and elastic chain.
Experimental: Upper second premolars extraction; Included 26 patients (8 males,18 females) with a mean age of 22.16±3.59years who were treated with fixed orthodontic appliance for 2.25±0.30 years.	Procedure: Upper second premolars extraction; Fixed orthodontic treatment with upper second premolars extraction and space closure using 0.019X0.025 SS AW and elastic chain.
No Intervention: No intervention; Included 26 subjects (10 males, 16 females) with a mean age of 20.45±3.29years.This group was included to observe any changes in the vertical gingival display over the 2 years' observation period (1.65±0.17 years).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The amount of pre- and post-treatment vertical gingival display in static and dynamic positions.	Measured from the lower edge of the upper lip to the gingival margins of the incisors in mm.	2 years
Pre- and post treatment Nose-U-lip-length	Measured from the soft tissue subnasale to the upper lip stomion (base of the nose to the lip edge of the upper lip) in mm.	2 years
Upper anterior teeth retraction	The amount of upper anterior teeth edges' retraction on cephalometric superimposition in mm	2 years
Upper incisors extrusion	The amount of upper incisors edges vertical displacement on cephalometric superimposition in mm	2 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Upper molars protraction	The amount of upper molars protraction measured from the mesial contact point of the molar in the baseline model to the mesial contact point of the transposed transparent model(S1) in mm	2 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Jordan University of Science and Technology
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Elham Abu Alhaija, PhD, Jordan University of Science and Technology

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 2, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 2, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): May 5, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 7, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 5, 2020
• Last Verified: May 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Tooth extraction; Gingival display; Dental esthetics; Corrective orthodontics
• Other Study ID Numbers: 285/2016

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No